新型喹唑啉类酪氨酸激酶化学抑制剂的设计与合成

以6-氨基藜芦酸和醋酸甲脒为起始原料,合成了一系列4-位具有不同芳胺基团,6,7-位引入不同取代基的新型喹唑啉类酪氨酸激酶化学抑制剂,其结构经1H NMR表征.     

Synthesis of Novel Benzoxazinone Compounds as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Two benzoxazinone compounds as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors were synthesized and characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). An efficient chlorination method was introduced in the synthesis of 4-chloro-2-oxo-2H-benzoxazinone-6-yl acetate. The inhibition activities of the target compounds and the important intermediates for EGFR tyrosine kinase activity in vitro were determined.     

Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Target Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

This paper reports on a novel series of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) potentially useful for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The newly designed and synthesized compounds are structurally related to nilotinib (NIL), a second-generation oral TKI, and to a series of imatinib (IM)-based TKIs, previously reported by our research group, these latter characterized by a hybrid structure between TKIs and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors. The enzyme HO-1 was selected as an additional target since it is overexpressed in many cases of drug resistance, including CML. The new derivatives 1a–j correctly tackle the chimeric protein BCR-ABL. Therefore, the inhibition of TK was comparable to or higher than NIL and IM for many novel compounds, while most of the new analogs showed only moderate potency against HO-1. Molecular docking studies revealed insights into the binding mode with BCR-ABL and HO-1, providing a structural explanation for the differential activity. Cytotoxicity on K562 CML cells, both NIL-sensitive and -resistant, was evaluated. Notably, some new compounds strongly reduced the viability of K562 sensitive cells.     

嘧啶类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂

酪氨酸激酶在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中起着非常重要的作用,已成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点.嘧啶类化合物是蛋白酪氨酸酶抑制剂(PTKIs)中的一大类,这类化合物在临床前期研究中显示具有很好的抗肿瘤效应,一些已在临床上作为很有前景的抗癌药.本文按其结构类别介绍了近年来报道的嘧啶类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂.     

Marine Brominated Tyrosine Alkaloids as Promising Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

There have been more than 150 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 since the beginning of the pandemic in 2019. By June 2021, the mortality from such infections approached 3.9 million people. Despite the availability of a number of vaccines which provide protection against this virus, the evolution of new viral variants, inconsistent availability of the vaccine around the world, and vaccine hesitancy, in some countries, makes it unreasonable to rely on mass vaccination alone to combat this pandemic. Consequently, much effort is directed to identifying potential antiviral treatments. Marine brominated tyrosine alkaloids are recognized to have antiviral potential. We test here the antiviral capacity of fourteen marine brominated tyrosine alkaloids against five different target proteins from SARS-CoV-2, including main protease (M^pro) (PDB ID: 6lu7), spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYO), membrane glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6M17), and non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) (PDB ID: 6W4H). These marine alkaloids, particularly the hexabrominated compound, fistularin-3, shows promising docking interactions with predicted binding affinities (S-score = −7.78, −7.65, −6.39, −6.28, −8.84 Kcal/mol) for the main protease (M^pro) (PDB ID: 6lu7), spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYO), membrane glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6M17), and non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) (PDB ID: 6W4H), respectively, where it forms better interactions with the protein pockets than the native interaction. It also shows promising molecular dynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles. As such, further exploration of the antiviral properties of fistularin-3 against SARS-CoV-2 is merited.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 1,2,6-Thiadiazinone Kinase Inhibitors as Potent Inhibitors of Solid Tumors

A focused series of substituted 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones was designed and synthesized to probe the anti-cancer properties of this scaffold. Insights from previous kinase inhibitor programs were used to carefully select several different substitution patterns. Compounds were tested on bladder, prostate, pancreatic, breast, chordoma, and lung cancer cell lines with an additional skin fibroblast cell line as a toxicity control. This resulted in the identification of several low single digit micro molar compounds with promising therapeutic windows, particularly for bladder and prostate cancer. A number of key structural features of the 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one scaffold are discussed that show promising scope for future improvement.     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的比较分子场分析

采用比较分子场分析(CoMFA)方法研究了一组嘧啶类衍生物酪氨酸激酶抑制剂活性与结构的关系.所得模型不仅能够很好地预报训练集中的化合物的活性,而且还可以准确地预报预报集中的化合物活性.通过分析分子场等值面图在空间的分布,可以观察到叠加分子周围的立体和静电特征对化合物活性的影响.     

取代3—氨基嘧啶及其噻吩磺酰脲衍生物的合成和除草活性

采用克莱森缩合反应合成了６个β－二羰基化合物（Ⅰ），Ⅰ与胍的缩合环化反应等合成了７个取代２－氨基嘧啶（Ⅱ）、Ⅱ与２－噻吩磺酰异氰酸酯反应合成了５个含不同取代嘧啶环的２－噻吩磺酰脲（Ⅲ）、Ⅱ和Ⅲ中有８个首次合成，其结构经ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，元素分析等测试确证，并初步测定了部分化合物的除草活性。     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系研究

利用柔性原子受体模型(FLARM)方法对一系列的异黄酮和喹诺酮衍生物表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂进行了三维定量构效关系研究，得到了合理的构效关系模型.FLARM方法的计算结果还给出了虚拟的受体模型，该模型说明了抑制剂与受体之间可能的相互作用.由该虚拟受体模型得到的受体-配体相互作用与Novartis药效团模型比较类似.     

Structural Insight and Development of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Lung cancer has a high prevalence, with a growing number of new cases and mortality every year. Furthermore, the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is still quite low in the majority of cases. Despite the use of conventional therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which is highly expressed in most NSCLC cases, there was still no substantial improvement in patient survival. This is due to the drug’s ineffectiveness and high rate of resistance among individuals with mutant EGFR. Therefore, the development of new inhibitors is urgently needed. Understanding the EGFR structure, including its kinase domain and other parts of the protein, and its activation mechanism can accelerate the discovery of novel compounds targeting this protein. This study described the structure of the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains of EGFR. This was carried out along with identifying the binding pose of commercially available inhibitors in the ATP-binding and allosteric sites, thereby clarifying the research gaps that can be filled. The binding mechanism of inhibitors that have been used clinically was also explained, thereby aiding the structure-based development of new drugs.     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的柔性原子受体模型方法研究

用柔性原子受体模型方法对一系列嘧啶类衍生物酪氨酸激酶抑制剂进行了3D－ QSAR研究，建立了相关性很好的模型，这些模型对测试集中化合物活性的预测结果 表明其具有较强的预测能力。柔性原子受体模型方法还给出了虚拟的受体模型，表 明了受体和配体之间可能的相互作用，包括两个氢键相互作用、一个疏水作用和一 个硫－芳香相互作用，这与Novartis的药效团模型非常一致。     

新型吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的设计与合成

以对甲基苯磺酰甲基异腈和反-2-丁烯酸甲酯为原料,经过11步反应合成了7个4,5,6-三取代的新型吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,总收率3.2%～10.0%,其结构经1H NMR和MS 表征.     

Discovery of Novel Sultone Fused Berberine Derivatives as Promising Tdp1 Inhibitors

A new type of berberine derivatives was obtained by the reaction of berberrubine with aliphatic sulfonyl chlorides. The new polycyclic compounds have a sultone ring condensed to C and D rings of a protoberberine core. The reaction conditions were developed to facilitate the formation of sultones with high yields without by-product formation. Thus, it was shown that the order of addition of reagents affects the composition of the reaction products: when sulfochlorides are added to berberrubine, their corresponding 9-O-sulfonates are predominantly formed; when berberrubine is added to pre-generated sulfenes, sultones are the only products. The reaction was shown to proceed stereo-selectively and the cycle configuration was confirmed by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity of the synthesized sultones and their 12-brominated analogs against the DNA-repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), an important target for a potential antitumor therapy, was studied. All derivatives were active in the micromolar and submicromolar range, in contrast to the acyclic analogs and 9-O-sulfonates, which were inactive. The significance of the sultone cycle and bromine substituent in binding with the enzyme was confirmed using molecular modeling. The active inhibitors are mostly non-toxic to the HeLa cancer cell line, and several ligands show synergy with topotecan, a topoisomerase 1 poison in clinical use. Thus, novel berberine derivatives can be considered as candidates for adjuvant therapy against cancer.     

新型吡啶类c-Met激酶抑制剂的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

以BMS-777607和E7050为先导化合物,设计并合成了11个新型的吡啶类c-Met激酶抑制剂（9a~9f和10a~10e）,其结构经¹H NMR和MS(ESI)表征。采用MTT法测定了9a~9f和10a~10e对人胃癌细胞株(NCI-N87和GTL-16)的体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性。结果表明：9a, 9d和10a对GTL-16的抑制活性较好,其IC₅₀分别为0.60 μmol·L^-1, 1.36 μmol·L^-1和0.93 μmol·L^-1,优于BMS-777607（2.50 μmol·L^-1）。     

Synthesis,Anticancer Screening of Some Novel Trimethoxy Quinazolines and VEGFR2, EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Assay; Molecular Docking Studies

A new series of 8-methoxy-2-trimethoxyphenyl-3-substituted quinazoline-4(3)-one compounds were designed, synthesized, and screened for antitumor activity against three cell lines, namely, Hela, A549, and MDA compared to docetaxel as reference drug. The molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina program and 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed using GROMACS 2018.1 software. Compound 6 was the most potent antitumor of the new synthesized compounds and was evaluated as a VEGFR2 and EGFR inhibitor with (IC50, 98.1 and 106 nM respectively) compared to docetaxel (IC50, 89.3 and 56.1 nM respectively). Compounds 2, 6, 10, and 8 showed strong cytotoxic activities against the Hela cell line with IC50 of, 2.13, 2.8, 3.98, and 4.94 µM, respectively, relative to docetaxel (IC50, 9.65 µM). Compound 11 showed strong cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line (IC50, 4.03 µM) relative to docetaxel (IC50, 10.8 µM). Whereas compounds 6 and 9 showed strong cytotoxic activity against MDA cell line (IC50, 0.79, 3.42 µM, respectively) as compared to docetaxel (IC50, 3.98 µM).     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的药效团研究

根据一系列表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系研究，得 到了该类抑制剂的药效团，研究结果与Novartis的药效团模型相当类似．药效团包 括一个氢键受体，一个氢键给体，一个疏水区和一个带有氯或溴原子药效团对于研 究表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂结构与活性的关系具有重要的意义．通过三 维数据库搜索可能会得到新的先导化合物．     

Synthesis of Novel Tacrine Analogs as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

In this work, a wide range of novel pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3‐b ]quinolin‐5‐amines were synthesized as tacrine analogs. At first, reaction of 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H )‐one, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile gave 6‐amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c ]pyrazole‐5‐carbonitriles. Then, reaction of the latter compounds with cyclohexanone led to the formation of the title compounds. Also, they were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Interestingly, most of them showed good inhibitory activity comparing with rivastigmine as the reference drug.     

Design and Synthesis of a Series of Novel Macrocycle Janus Kinase 2 Inhibitors

Macrocycle has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its unique advantages and good prospects, but the difficulties in drug design and synthesis of macrocycle limit its applications. In this study, a series of macrocyclic derivatives designed from anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor lorlatinib were synthesized as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) selective inhibitors. Among them, 17f had the best inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 0.177 μmol·L^–1) and selectivity for JAK2 over JAK1 and JAK3, which indicated that design of the macrocyclic derivatives might be a feasible strategy for the discovery of novel selective JAK2 inhibitors.     

新型酰基脲类Raf激酶抑制剂的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以4-氯吡啶甲酸为原料,经6步反应制得两个中间体——取代基-4-【{2-[5-(三氟甲基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]吡啶-4-基}氧基】苯胺(7a和7d);7分别与取代苯甲酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了6个新型的酰基脲类Raf激酶抑制剂(9a~9f),其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。用MTT法考察了9a~9f对人胃癌细胞株(BGC823)的抑制活性。结果表明:N-【3-氟-4-{2-[5-(三氟甲基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]吡啶-4-氧基}苯基】-4-氯苯甲酰硫脲(9c)和N-【4-{2-[5-(三氟甲基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]吡啶-4-氧基}苯基】-3-(吡啶-3-基)丙烯酰硫脲(9d)的抑制活性较好。在用药量为100μg时,9c和9d对BGC823的抑制率分别为66.86%和63.60%,与索拉非尼药效接近(70.97%)。