Voice and Laryngeal Configuration of Men With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Before and After Medialization

Aim

To describe the laryngeal configuration and the voice of male patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) before and after medialization.

Methods

A retrospective study involving the collection of data from medical records of 142 patients diagnosed with UVFP from January 2003 to April 2009, submitted to auditory-perceptual assessment of voices and visual perception of laryngeal images before and after medialization.

Results

The study included data from 24 male patients, with an average of 60.7 years, who underwent three surgical medialization techniques (injection of hyaluronic acid, type I thyroplasty, and injection of Teflon). Before treatment, the position of the paralyzed vocal fold was seen to have a significant influence to the passing of the healthy vocal fold beyond the midline and on the overall degree of dysphonia. After treatment, the complete glottic closure; the free margin of the linear vocal fold; paralyzed vocal fold in the median position, reduction of hoarseness, roughness and breathiness (more frequently mild), and asthenia (more frequently normal and mild); tension and instability (more frequency normal); and a decrease in the overall degree of dysphonia were found to be significant.

Conclusion

The position of the paralyzed vocal fold influences the position of the healthy vocal fold in relation to the midline and the overall degree of dysphonia. All three treatments improved the glottic configuration and the voice of patients with UVFP.     

Relations for Certain Symmetric Norms and Anti-norms Before and After Partial Trace

Changes of some unitarily invariant norms and anti-norms under the operation of partial trace are examined. The norms considered form a two-parametric family, including both the Ky Fan and Schatten norms as particular cases. The obtained results concern operators acting on the tensor product of two finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. For any such operator, we obtain upper bounds on norms of its partial trace in terms of the corresponding dimensionality and norms of this operator. Similar inequalities, but in the opposite direction, are obtained for certain anti-norms of positive matrices. Through the Stinespring representation, the results are put in the context of trace-preserving completely positive maps. We also derive inequalities between the unified entropies of a composite quantum system and one of its subsystems, where traced-out dimensionality is involved as well.     

明矾炮制前后半夏中铝形态分析

通过中药传统煎煮和超声提取两种方法获取生半夏和清半夏水提液,采用下列三步分析水提液中各种铝形态:用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,部分滤液通过732Na型阳离子交换树脂,另一部分滤液与8-羟基喹啉反应.石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定总铝及各形态铝含量.结果显示,生半夏中铝总量11.20μg/g,清半夏则高达3.253mg/g.生半...     

酸处理前后碳纳米管(CNTs)的分散性和热稳定性

采用浓硫酸和浓硝酸混合液处理CNTs,然后测量其在水中的沉降率分析其分散性,用红外光谱法表征了CNTs的结构,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析热稳定性的变化.经处理后CNTs在水中的分散性能显著提高,但是其热稳定性却相对降低了.     

鸡冠花炒炭前后无机元素的含量变化

分析鸡冠花炒炭前后无机元素的含量变化。采用湿法消解ICP-AES测定6个产地,10个批次鸡冠花生品及其炭品中21种无机元素的含量。鸡冠花炒炭前后无机元素的种类不变,炒炭后除了Ca含量明显升高,Na的含量明显降低之外,其余各无机元素含量变化不明显。炒炭对鸡冠花中无机元素的含量具有一定的影响。     

Objective Voice Quality Analysis Before and After Onset of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

This study was designed to investigate objective voice quality measurements in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) by eliminating intersubject variability. To our knowledge this is the first report objectively analyzing paralytic dysphonia as compared to the same voice before onset of UVFP. The voices of two male subjects were prospectively recorded before and after the onset of iatrogenic UVFP (thoracic surgery).The following acoustic measurements of the vowel /a/ were performed using the CSL and MDVP (Kay Elemetrics): jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio, cepstral peak prominence, the relative energy levels of the first harmonic, the first formant and the third formant, the spectral slope in the low-frequency zone (0-1 kHz and 0-2 kHz), and the relative level of energy above 6 kHz. Distribution of spectral energy was analyzed from a long-term average spectrum of 40 seconds of text. Laryngeal aerodynamic measurements were obtained for one patient before and after onset of paralysis using the Aerophone II (Kay Elemetrics). Pitch and amplitude perturbation increased secondary to UVFP, while the harmonics-to-noise ratio and the cepstral peak prominence decreased. A relative increase in the mid-frequency and high-frequency ranges and a decrease in the low-frequency spectral slope were observed. Mean airflow rate and intraoral pressure increased, and glottal resistance and vocal efficiency decreased secondary to UVFP. The findings of this self-paired study confirm some but not all the results of previous studies. Measures involving the fundamental and the formants did not corroborate previous findings. Further investigation with vocal tract modeling is warranted.     

梧桐树叶吸附铜离子前后红外光谱分析比较

本文对吸附Cu2 前后梧桐树叶的红外光谱进行了分析比较.梧桐树叶的红外吸收光谱图主要由碳水化合物如木质素、纤维素等吸收带组成.1735cm-1和1615cm-1处的吸收峰是由C=O的伸缩振动引起的;1515cm-1的吸收峰是苯环的骨架振动峰,1243cm-1处是苯羟基中C-O的伸缩振动峰.1447cm-1处的吸收峰为CH3和CH2的不对称弯曲振动峰,1370cm-1处是甲基的弯曲振动峰.吸附Cu2 后,羧基的羰基峰(1735cm-1附近)向低波数移动1-2cm-1,酮羰基峰(1616cm-1附近)向高波数移动2-8cm-1;天然树叶1242cm-1处的吸收峰红移至1238cm-1处.红外光谱比较分析的结果表明吸附Cu2 后树叶的结构仍保持完整.     

GC和GC-MS考察原油稳定处理中轻组分提取效果

用气相色谱和气－质谱联用分析比较了稳定处理前后的原油中轻组分（≤C8)；用氧化铝PLOT柱分析了石油气中的低碳数成分（C1－C3），分离效果良好。     

UV辐射前后乙酰化木材的化学组分结构变化与微观构造表征

以杨木木粉为试样,进行不同时长的乙酰化处理,利用紫外光加速老化,探讨不同乙酰化度对木材耐光性能的影响,根据FTIR光谱分析试样化学组分特征吸收峰强度的变化规律,建立乙酰化处理时间与木材化学组分变化之间的关系。结果表明：UV辐射前,乙酰化木粉在1 739 cm-1处饱和酯化合物中CO和 1 385 cm-1处乙酸酯基中C—H的特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理40 min木粉的吸收峰强度最大,增重率最高,木粉的乙酰化效果显著;UV辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1 504 cm-1处木质素中苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,且乙酰化处理40 min木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明乙酰化处理能够有效抑制木材化学组分的光降解反应,提高木材的耐光老化性能,其中处理40 min的效果最佳;SEM图片显示,乙酰化处理木粉的纤维状表面较原木粉更加均匀,材料粒径更小,乙酰化处理能有效提高木材的稳定性。     

红外光谱与ICP-MS研究石膏炮制前后物质基础的差异

采用红外光谱与电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用法研究生、煅石膏,确定炮制先后石膏所含元素含量及结构变化,从而初步探明石膏不同炮制品种产生不同功效的差异物质基础.炮制前后的生、煅石膏红外光谱图和元素含量上均有明显差异,生石膏经加热处理后,煅石膏中H2O的吸收峰消失;煅制后石膏Ca、Mg、Zn、Na元素的溶出有明显增加,Al、Se元素的溶出有明显减少.通过实验研究,初步判定产生生石膏清热泻火、除烦止渴功效与煅石膏收敛、生肌、敛疮、止血功效差异的物质基础是Ca、Mg、Zn、Na元素含量增长,Al、Se元素减少;石膏炮制前后功效变化的原因为炮制后物质质地松软溶出增加、CaSO4·2H2O中结晶水丢失和挥发性元素高温锻制,造成Ca、Mg、Zn、Na元素含量增长,Al、Se元素的溶出有明显减少;为临床合理利用石膏及石膏现代研究奠定基础.