An Erdös–Révész type law of the iterated logarithm for reflected fractional Brownian motion

Let \(B_{H}=\{B_{H}(t):t\in \mathbb R\}\) be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H ∈ (0,1). For the stationary storage process \(Q_{B_{H}}(t)=\sup _{-\infty <s\le t}(B_{H}(t)-B_{H}(s)-(t-s))\), t ≥ 0, we provide a tractable criterion for assessing whether, for any positive, non-decreasing function f, \( {\mathbb P(Q_{B_{H}}(t) > f(t)\, \text { i.o.})}\) equals 0 or 1. Using this criterion we find that, for a family of functions f _p (t), such that \(z_{p}(t)=\mathbb P(\sup _{s\in [0,f_{p}(t)]}Q_{B_{H}}(s)>f_{p}(t))/f_{p}(t)=\mathcal C(t\log ^{1-p} t)^{-1}\), for some \(\mathcal C>0\), \({\mathbb P(Q_{B_{H}}(t) > f_{p}(t)\, \text { i.o.})= 1_{\{p\ge 0\}}}\). Consequently, with \(\xi _{p} (t) = \sup \{s:0\le s\le t, Q_{B_{H}}(s)\ge f_{p}(s)\}\), for p ≥ 0, \(\lim _{t\to \infty }\xi _{p}(t)=\infty \) and \(\limsup _{t\to \infty }(\xi _{p}(t)-t)=0\) a.s. Complementary, we prove an Erdös–Révész type law of the iterated logarithm lower bound on ξ _p (t), i.e., \(\liminf _{t\to \infty }(\xi _{p}(t)-t)/h_{p}(t) = -1\) a.s., p > 1; \(\liminf _{t\to \infty }\log (\xi _{p}(t)/t)/(h_{p}(t)/t) = -1\) a.s., p ∈ (0,1], where h _p (t) = (1/z _p (t))p loglog t.     

Periodic Groups Saturated with the Groups <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>)

Given an indexing set I and a finite field K_α for each α ∈ I, let ? = {L₂(K_α) | α ∈ I} and \(\mathfrak{N} = \{ SL_2 (K_\alpha )|\alpha \in I\}\). We prove that each periodic group G saturated with groups in \(\Re (\mathfrak{N})\) is isomorphic to L₂(P) (respectively SL₂(P)) for a suitable locally finite field P.     

A Rolle Type Theorem for Cyclicity of Zeros of Families of Analytic Functions

Let \({\{ {f_{\lambda ;j}}\} _{\lambda \in V;1 \leqslant j \leqslant k}}\) be families of holomorphic functions in the open unit disk \({\text{D}} \subset {\Bbb C}\) ? ? depending holomorphically on a parameter λ ∈ V ? ? ⁿ . We establish a Rolle type theorem for the generalized multiplicity (called cyclicity) of zeros of the family of univariate holomorphic functions \({\left\{ {\sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^k {{f_{\lambda ;j}}} } \right\}_{\lambda \in V}}\) at 0 ∈ D. As a corollary, we estimate the cyclicity of the family of generalized exponential polynomials, that is, the family of entire functions of the form \(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^m {{P_k}(z){e^{{Q_k}(z)}}} \), z ∈ ?, where P _k and Q _k are holomorphic polynomials of degrees p and q, respectively, parameterized by vectors of coefficients of P _k and Q _k .     

Exact distribution of MLE of covariance matrix in a GMANOVA-MANOVA model

For a GMANOVA-MANOVA model with normal error: Y = XB1Z1 T B2Z2 T E, E- Nq×n(0, In (?) ∑), the present paper is devoted to the study of distribution of MLE, ∑, of covariance matrix ∑. The main results obtained are stated as follows: (1) When rk(Z) -rk(Z2) ≥ q-rk(X), the exact distribution of ∑ is derived, where z = (Z1,Z2), rk(A) denotes the rank of matrix A. (2) The exact distribution of |∑| is gained. (3) It is proved that ntr{[S-1 - ∑-1XM(MTXT∑-1XM)-1MTXT∑-1]∑}has X2(q_rk(x))(n-rk(z2)) distribution, where M is the matrix whose columns are the standardized orthogonal eigenvectors corresponding to the nonzero eigenvalues of XT∑-1X.     

Generalized fractional integrals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic morrey and Herz spaces

For Riesz potential I ^β (f) on p-adic linear space Q _p ⁿ and its modification \(\widetilde{I^\beta }(f)\) we give sufficient conditions of their boundedness from radialMorrey space to anotherMorrey or Campanato space. Also we study the boundedness of modified Riesz potential \(\widetilde{I^\beta }(f)\) from Herz space to special Campanato spaces.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">ω</Emphasis>-strongly quasiconvex and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ω</Emphasis>-strongly quasiconcave sequences

Let ω ≥ 0 be a given number and let I be a subinterval of \({{\mathbb Z}}\). We say that a sequence \({(f_k)_{k \in I}}\) is ω -strongly quasiconvex, ω-strongly quasiconcave, ω-strongly quasiaffine if

$\begin{array}{lll}f_k \leq \max(f_{k-1},f_{k+1})-\omega\quad\quad{\rm for}\,\,\,k:k-1, k, k+1 \in I;\\ f_k \geq \max(f_{k-1},f_{k+1})-\omega\quad\quad{\rm for}\,\,\,k:k-1, k, k+1 \in I;\\ f_k = \max(f_{k-1},f_{k+1})-\omega\quad\quad{\rm for}\,\,\,k:k-1, k, k+1 \in I.\end{array}$

We characterize ω-strongly quasiconvex, ω-strongly quasiconcave and ω-strongly quasiaffine sequences. We also show that these notions lead naturally to analogous notions for functions defined on subintervals of \({{\mathbb R}}\).

     

Schatten-Herz Operators,Berezin Transform and Mixed Norm Spaces

For p, q > 0 we study operators T on the Bergman space \({A_{2}(\mathbb{D)}}\) in the disk such that \({\left(\sum_{j}\Vert T\Delta_{j}\Vert_{p}^{q}\right)^{1/q}<\infty,}\) where the norms \({\Vert\cdot\Vert_{p}}\) are in the Schatten class S _p (A ₂), the projection \({\Delta_{j}f=\sum_{n\in I_{j}}a_{n}z^{n}}\) for \({f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_{n}z^{n}}\) and \({I_{j}=[2^{j}-1,2^{j+1} )\cap(\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\})}\) for \({j\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}.}\) We consider the relation of this property with mixed norms of the Berezin transform of T and of the related function \({f_{T}(z)={\Vert}T(k_{z})\Vert}\) where k _z is the normalized Bergman kernel. These classes of operators denoted by S(p, q) are closely related when assumed to be positive with other sets of operators, like the class of positive operators on A ₂ for which \({\left(\sum_{j\geq0}(\sum_{n\in I_{j}}|\left\langle T^pe_{n},e_{n}\right\rangle |)^{q/p}\right)^{1/q}<\infty}\) , where \({\{e_{n}\}_{n\geq0}}\) is the canonical basis of A ₂; also we study the relation of Toeplitz operators in S(p, q) with the Schatten-Herz classes, where the decomposition is through dyadic annuli of the domain \({\mathbb{D}}\) .     

On series by Haar system

The paper considers the series by Haar system \(\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n \chi _n (x)} \), satisfying the conditions \(\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n^2 \chi _n^2 (x)} = \infty \) and a _n χ _n (x) → 0 almost everywhere. Some theorems about correcting a function on sets of arbitrarily small measures are proved.     

Kähler geometry of hyperbolic type on the manifold of nondegenerate <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-pairs

A nondegenerate m-pair (A, Ξ) in an n-dimensional projective space ?P _n consists of an m-plane A and an (n ? m ? 1)-plane Ξ in ?P _n , which do not intersect. The set \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) of all nondegenerate m-pairs ?P _n is a 2(n ? m)(n ? m ? 1)-dimensional, real-complex manifold. The manifold \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) is the homogeneous space \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n = {{GL(n + 1,\mathbb{R})} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{GL(n + 1,\mathbb{R})} {GL(m + 1,\mathbb{R})}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {GL(m + 1,\mathbb{R})}} \times GL(n - m,\mathbb{R})\) equipped with an internal Kähler structure of hyperbolic type. Therefore, the manifold \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) is a hyperbolic analogue of the complex Grassmanian ?G _m,n = U(n+1)/U(m+1) × U(n?m). In particular, the manifold of 0-pairs \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n {{GL(n + 1,\mathbb{R})} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{GL(n + 1,\mathbb{R})} {GL(1,\mathbb{R})}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {GL(1,\mathbb{R})}} \times GL(n,\mathbb{R})\) is a hyperbolic analogue of the complex projective space ?P _n = U(n+1)/U(1) × U(n). Similarly to ?P _n , the manifold \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) is a Kähler manifold of constant nonzero holomorphic sectional curvature (relative to a hyperbolic metrics). In this sense, \(\mathfrak{N}_0^n \) is a hyperbolic spatial form. It was proved in [6] that the manifold of 0-pairs \(\mathfrak{N}_0^n \) is globally symplectomorphic to the total space T*?P _n of the cotangent bundle over the projective space ?P _n . A generalization of this result (see [7]) is as follows: the manifold of nondegenerate m-pairs \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) is globally symplectomorphic to the total space T*?G _m,n of the cotangent bundle over the Grassman manifold ?G _m,n of m-dimensional subspaces of the space ?P _n .In this paper, we study the canonical Kähler structure on \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \). We describe two types of submanifolds in \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \), which are natural hyperbolic spatial forms holomorphically isometric to manifolds of 0-pairs in ?P _m +1 and in ?P _n?m , respectively. We prove that for any point of the manifold \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \), there exist a 2(n ? m)-parameter family of 2(m + 1)-dimensional hyperbolic spatial forms of first type and a 2(m + 1)-parameter family of 2(n ? m)-dimensional hyperbolic spatial forms of second type passing through this point. We also prove that natural hyperbolic spatial forms of first type on \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) are in bijective correspondence with points of the manifold \(\mathfrak{N}_{m + 1}^n \) and natural hyperbolic spatial forms of second type on \(\mathfrak{N}_m^n \) are in bijective correspondence with points of the manifolds \(\mathfrak{N}_{m + 1}^n \).     

Growth rate for beta-expansions

Let β > 1 and let m > β be an integer. Each \({x\in I_\beta:=[0,\frac{m-1}{\beta-1}]}\) can be represented in the form

$$x=\sum_{k=1}^\infty \epsilon_k\beta^{-k},$$

where \({\epsilon_k\in\{0,1,\ldots,m-1\}}\) for all k (a β-expansion of x). It is known that a.e. \({x\in I_\beta}\) has a continuum of distinct β-expansions. In this paper we prove that if β is a Pisot number, then for a.e. x this continuum has one and the same growth rate. We also link this rate to the Lebesgue-generic local dimension for the Bernoulli convolution parametrized by β. When \({\beta < \frac{1+\sqrt5}2}\), we show that the set of β-expansions grows exponentially for every internal x.

     

Coincidences and secondary Nielsen numbers

Let \({f_1, f_2 : X^m \to Y^n}\) be maps between smooth connected manifolds of dimensions m and n. Can f ₁, f ₂ be deformed by homotopies until they are coincidence free (i.e., \({f_1(x) \neq f_2(x)}\) for all \({x \in X)}\)? The main tool for addressing such a problem is traditionally the (primary) Nielsen number N(f ₁, f ₂). For example, when m < 2n ? 2, the question above has a positive answer precisely if N(f ₁, f ₂) = 0. However, when m = 2n ? 2, this can be dramatically wrong, e.g. in the fixed point case when m = n = 2. Also, in a very specific setting the Kervaire invariant appears as a (full) additional obstruction. In this paper we start exploring a fairly general new approach. This leads to secondary Nielsen numbers SecN(f ₁, f ₂) which allow us to answer our question, e.g., when \({m = 2n - 2, n \neq 2}\), is even and Y is simply connected.     

A solution to the Bézout equation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>) without Gelfand theory

Let \({M\subseteq \mathbb{C}}\) be compact and \({K\subseteq M}\) closed, and let A(K, M) be the uniform algebra of all functions continuous on M and holomorphic in the interior K° of K. We present a constructive proof of Arens’ classical result that for \({(f_{1},\ldots,f_{n})\in A(K,M)^{n}}\) the Bézout equation \({\sum_{j=1}^{n} a_{j}f_{j}=1}\) has a solution in A(K, M) if and only if the functions f _j have no common zero in K. We shall also consider matrix-valued Bézout equations.     

Few associative triples,isotopisms and groups

Let Q be a quasigroup. For \(\alpha ,\beta \in S_Q\) let \(Q_{\alpha ,\beta }\) be the principal isotope \(x*y = \alpha (x)\beta (y)\). Put \(\mathbf a(Q)= |\{(x,y,z)\in Q^3;\) \(x(yz)) = (xy)z\}|\) and assume that \(|Q|=n\). Then \(\sum _{\alpha ,\beta }\mathbf a(Q_{\alpha ,\beta })/(n!)^2 = n^2(1+(n-1)^{-1})\), and for every \(\alpha \in S_Q\) there is \(\sum _\beta \mathbf a(Q_{\alpha ,\beta })/n! = n(n-1)^{-1}\sum _x(f_x^2-2f_x+n)\ge n^2\), where \(f_x=|\{y\in Q;\) \( y = \alpha (y)x\}|\). If G is a group and \(\alpha \) is an orthomorphism, then \(\mathbf a(G_{\alpha ,\beta })=n^2\) for every \(\beta \in S_Q\). A detailed case study of \(\mathbf a(G_{\alpha ,\beta })\) is made for the situation when \(G = \mathbb Z_{2d}\), and both \(\alpha \) and \(\beta \) are “natural” near-orthomorphisms. Asymptotically, \(\mathbf a(G_{\alpha ,\beta })>3n\) if G is an abelian group of order n. Computational results: \(\mathbf a(7) = 17\) and \(\mathbf a(8) \le 21\), where \(\mathbf a(n) = \min \{\mathbf a(Q);\) \( |Q|=n\}\). There are also determined minimum values for \(\mathbf a(G_{\alpha ,\beta })\), G a group of order \(\le 8\).     

Isoperimetric inequality for the polydisk

Let \({n\in\mathbb{N}}\). For \({k\in\{1,\dots,n\}}\) let \({\Omega_k\subset \mathbb{C}}\) be a simply connected domain with a rectifiable boundary. Let \({\Omega^n=\prod_{k=1}^n\Omega_k\subset \mathbb{C}^n}\) be a generalized polydisk with distinguished boundary \({\partial\Omega^n=\prod_{k=1}^n\partial\Omega_k}\). Let E ^r (Ω ⁿ ) be the holomorphic Smirnov class on Ω ⁿ with index r. We show that the generalized isoperimetric inequality

$ \int\limits_{\Omega^n} |f_1|^p|f_2|^qdV\le \frac{1}{(4\pi)^n}\int\limits_{\partial \Omega^n}|f_1|^pdS \int\limits_{\partial \Omega^n} |f_2|^qdS, $

holds for arbitrary \({f_1\in E^p(\Omega^n)}\) and \({f_2\in E^q(\Omega^n)}\), where 0 < p, q < ∞. We also determine necessary and sufficient conditions for equality.

     

On Causal Invertibility with Respect to a Cone of Integral-Difference Operators in Vector Function Spaces

Let \(\mathbb{S}\) be a cone in ? ⁿ . A bounded linear operator T: L _p (? ⁿ ) → L _p (? ⁿ ) is said to be causal with respect to \(\mathbb{S}\) if the implication x(s) = 0 (s ε W ? \(\mathbb{S}\)) ? (Tx) (s) = 0 (s ε W ? \(\mathbb{S}\)) is valid for any x ε L _p (? ⁿ ) and any open subset W\(\subseteq\) ? ⁿ . The set of all causal operators is a Banach algebra. We describe the spectrum of the operator

$(Tx)(t) = \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n x(t - t_n )} + \int {\mathbb{S}g(s)x(t - s)ds,} \quad t \in \mathbb{R}^n ,$

in this algebra. Here x ranges in a Banach space \(\mathbb{E}\), the a _n are bounded linear operators in \(\mathbb{E}\), and the function g ranges in the set of bounded operators in \(\mathbb{E}\).

     

On certain functional equations related to Jordan triple $${(\theta, \phi)}$$-derivations on semiprime rings

The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following result. Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring with symmetric Martindale ring of quotients Q _s and let \({\theta}\) and \({\phi}\) be automorphisms of R. Suppose \({T:R\rightarrow R}\) is an additive mapping satisfying the relation \({T(xyx)=T(x)\theta (y)\theta (x)-\phi (x)T(y)\theta (x)+\phi (x)\phi (y)T(x)}\), for all pairs \({x,y\in R}\). In this case T is of the form \({2T(x)=q\theta (x)+\phi (x)q}\), for all \({x\in R}\) and some fixed element \({q\in Q_{s}}\).     

Canonical Representations and Overgroups for Hyperboloids

For the hyperboloid \(X = G/H\), where G = SO₀(p, q) and H = SO₀(p, q ? 1), we define canonical representations R_λ,ν λ ∈ ?, ν = 0, 1, as the restrictions to G of representations \(\tilde R\lambda ,\nu\), associated with a cone, of the group \(\tilde G = \operatorname{SO} _0 (p + 1,q)\). They act on functions on the direct product Ω of two spheres of dimensions p ? 1 and q ? 1. The manifold Ω contains two copies of \(X\) as open G-orbits. We explicitly describe the interaction of the Lie operators of the group \({\tilde G}\) in \(\tilde R\lambda ,\nu\) with the Poisson and Fourier transforms associated with the canonical representations. These transforms are operators intertwining the representations R_λ,ν with representations of G associated with a cone.     

Normal functions and a class of associated boundary functions

Letμ′ be the family of non-empty closed subsets of the Riemann sphere and Λ the family of continuous curves λ with values in the unit disk and lim _t→1 |λ(t)|=1. A meromorphic functionf in |z|<1 induces a mapping\(\hat f\) from Λ intoμ′ by setting\(\hat f\left( \lambda \right)\) equal to the cluster set off on λ. The authors show that if\(\hat f\) is continuous then existence of an asymptotic value ate ^iθ implies the existence of an angular limit. Further if the spherical derivative off iso(1/(1?|z|)) then\(\hat f\) is constant on every open disk in the space Λ.     

Generalized Bernstein Operators on the Classical Polynomial Spaces

We study generalizations of the classical Bernstein operators on the polynomial spaces \(\mathbb {P}_{n}[a,b]\), where instead of fixing \(\mathbf {1}\) and x, we reproduce exactly \(\mathbf {1}\) and a polynomial \(f_1\), strictly increasing on [a, b]. We prove that for sufficiently large n, there always exist generalized Bernstein operators fixing \(\mathbf {1}\) and \(f_1\). These operators are defined by non-decreasing sequences of nodes precisely when \(f_1^\prime > 0\) on (a, b), but even if \(f_1^\prime \) vanishes somewhere inside (a, b), they converge to the identity.     

Inelastic interaction of nearly equal solitons for the quartic gKdV equation

This paper describes the interaction of two solitons with nearly equal speeds for the quartic (gKdV) equation

$\partial_tu+\partial_x(\partial_x^2u+u^4)=0,\quad t,x\in \mathbb{R}.$

(0.1)

We call soliton a solution of (0.1) of the form u(t,x)=Q _c (x?ct?y ₀), where c>0, y ₀∈? and \(Q_{c}''+Q_{c}^{4}=cQ_{c}\). Since (0.1) is not an integrable model, the general question of the collision of two given solitons \(Q_{c_{1}}(x-c_{1}t)\), \(Q_{c_{2}}(x-c_{2}t)\) with c ₁≠c ₂ is an open problem.

We focus on the special case where the two solitons have nearly equal speeds: let U(t) be the solution of (0.1) satisfying

$\lim_{t\to-\infty}\|{U}(t)-Q_{c_1^-}(.-c_1^-t)-Q_{c_2^-}(.-c_2^-t)\|_{H^1}=0,$

for \(\mu_{0}=(c_{2}^{-}-c_{1}^{-})/(c_{1}^{-}+c_{2}^{-})>0\) small. By constructing an approximate solution of (0.1), we prove that, for all time t∈?,

$\begin{array}{l}\displaystyle{U}(t)={Q}_{c_1(t)}(x-y_1(t))+{Q}_{c_2(t)}(x-y_2(t))+{w}(t)\\[6pt]\displaystyle\quad\mbox{where }\|w(t)\|_{H^1}\leq|\ln\mu_0|\mu_0^2,\end{array}$

with y ₁(t)?y ₂(t)>2|ln?μ ₀|+C, for some C∈?. These estimates mean that the two solitons are preserved by the interaction and that for all time they are separated by a large distance, as in the case of the integrable KdV equation in this regime.

However, unlike in the integrable case, we prove that the collision is not perfectly elastic, in the following sense, for some C>0,

$\lim_{t\to+\infty}c_1(t)>c_2^-\biggl(1+\frac{\mu_0^5}{C}\biggr),\quad \lim_{t\to+\infty}c_2(t)

and \({w}(t)\not\to0\) in H ¹ as t→+∞.