反相液相色谱中溶质保留与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系

本文研究了等度条件下反相液相色谱中溶质保留与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系;考察了反相液相色谱保留值变化规律式lnk'=a+cC~b中参数a.c 与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系,结果表明能较好地预测等度和不同冲洗剂组成下溶质的保留值,将乙腈-水和甲醇-水冲洗剂下的a.c值定量关联,表明在考虑溶质的氢键作用参数后,其相关性有所提高.     

反相毛细管电色谱中溶质保留值与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系

利用线性溶剂化能关系（ＬＳＥＲ）方法,研究了反相毛细管电色谱（ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ）中溶质保留值与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系。发现决定溶质在ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ中保留行为的主要因素为溶质的体积及溶质作为氢键受体的碱性大小;建立了溶质在ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ中的ｌｏｇｋ′以及保留方程ｌｏｇｋ′＝ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ－Ｓφ中ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ,Ｓ与溶质的溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系;此外,还建立了不同流动相体系间溶质的ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ和Ｓ值的换算方程。     

反相毛细管电色谱中溶质保留值与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系

利用线性溶剂化能关系（ＬＳＥＲ）方法，研究了反相毛细管电色谱（ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ）中溶质保留值与溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系。发现决定溶质在ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ中保留行为的主要因素为溶质的体积及溶质作为氢键受体的碱性大小；建立了溶质在ＲＰ－ＣＥＣ中的ｌｏｇｋ′以及保留方程ｌｏｇｋ′＝ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ－Ｓφ中ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ，Ｓ与溶质的溶剂化结构参数间的定量关系；此外，还建立了不同流动相体系间溶质的ｌｏｇｋ′ｗ和Ｓ值的换算方程。     

反相液相色谱保留值的预测模式

液相色谱保留值的预测一直是色谱领域里研究最为活跃的领域之一,寻找一种以最少系数求算和预测色谱保留值是色谱工作者的长期研究的目标,但目前,仍没有真正的预测方法。我们在液相色谱保留值基本方程的基础上,曾对不同C_(18)的担体上的保留规律进行过研究,并从中引入了溶质lnk′=A C·C_B BlnC_B (1)作用指数的概念,作用指数即为方程(1)中的参数C(参数B在反相色谱中忽略),CB为二元冲洗剂中强冲洗组分的浓度。本文从溶质的作用指数出发来探讨反相液相色谱保留值的预测模式。     

分子结构参数对保留值规律式中参数a,b和c的影响及保留值预测的研究

本文从理论上研究了分子结构参数对保留值变化规律式中参数a,b和c的影响,并用实验结果初步验证了理论推测.提出了参数a,b和c与分子结构参数van derWaals体积V_w、偶极矩μ_A和氢键作用能X_(AH)的定量关系;指出只有结构相关的化合物才有严格的参数a和c间的线性关系.在此基础上研究了非极性化合物、同系物和极性混合物在冲洗剂宽浓度范围内预测保留值的可行性.     

反相高效液相色谱中溶质保留值与流动相组成关系的探讨

］本文采用分配理论和共溶剂理论的方法,探讨了反相高效液相色谱中溶质的保留机制,并推导了溶质保留值与流动相组成的关系式。利用该关系式计算溶质的保留值,所得结果与实验值基本吻合。     

反相液相色谱作用指数温度效应的研究

本文研究了反相液相色谱作用指数C的温度效应对给定溶质、温度升高,C值降低;并符合近似的状态方程。在此基础上预测了不同温度、不同冲洗剂浓度的溶质下保留值、预测值与实测值基本一致。     

反相液相色谱中动力学因素对肽谱影响规律研究

研究了用反相色谱模式, 在不同流动相流速条件下所得到的细胞色素C的肽谱图. 发现在低流速时, 保留弱的肽谱峰增多, 而在高流速时保留强的肽谱峰增多, 未发现溶质分子质量与溶质相对保留值(RRT)之间存在有特定的变化关系. 然而却发现了两种变化规律, 即溶质相对保留值(RRT)与流动相流速之间的双对数线性关系(1) log RRT＝a＋blog ν, 及所得该二线性参数, a与b之间的线性关系(2) a＝c＋db. 预计该结果可能会在液相色谱指纹图谱研究和蛋白质组学中分离低丰度蛋白时有潜在的应用价值.     

液相色谱中的半峰宽规律

本文介绍通过相同组分、不同配比冲洗剂等度和梯度冲洗样品的实验,首次发现在液相色谱中,溶质的色谱峰半宽度与保留值间存在同一线性关系;在梯度冲洗时流出组分的色谱峰半宽度与虚拟保留值间同样存在线性关系。该结果证明,我们提出的组分在柱末端有相近的以长度为量纲的谱带半宽度的正确性,同时该结果对梯度最佳分离条件的预测亦很有益。     

疏水分配常数用于反相液相色谱保留值的预测

在反相液相色谱保留值基本方程log k_′=a+_cC_B的基础上,描述了采用疏水分配常数及氢键作用能来预测a、c参数的方法,并系统讨论了疏水分配常数对参数a、c的影响,借此对反相液相色谱宽浓度范围内的保留值进行了预测。     

反相色谱多二元溶剂的选择性调整

从统计热力学方法推导的溶质保留规律及其相关参数与分子结构之间的关系式出发,探讨了１６种多环芳烃在甲醇／水、乙腈／水、异丙醇／乙腈３种二元溶剂体系下选择性的差异,为确立复杂化合物分离的溶剂选择原则奠定了基础。     

Characterization of a microparticulate strong anion-exchanger in the HPLC of acidic drugs

The use of Waters Spherisorb S5SAX for the HPLC of acidic compounds, including a number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been investigated. Adequate retention, separation, and peak efficiency and symmetry were obtained for most analytes on a 250 x 4.6 mm i.d. column using methanol containing ammonium perchlorate (10 mmol L(-1), pH 6.7 or pH 8.3) as eluent. The results of changes in (i) eluent pH (constant ionic strength); (ii) eluent ionic strength (constant pH); and (iii) adding water to the eluent (constant pH) were consistent with a retention mechanism dominated by ion-exchange with the bonded strong anion-exchange (SAX) moieties. However, there were some unexpected observations, including (i) a general decrease in retention at eluent pH values above 7.7; (ii) a marked increase in retention on adding 1% (v/v) water to the eluent; (iii) a subsequent marked decrease in retention on adding 5% (v/v) or more water; and (iv) decreased column activity with time. These observations may be due to (i) interaction between the charged SAX moieties and ionised surface silanols (with ionization increasing at higher eluent pH values) and (ii) influence of the solvation of silanols, analytes, SAX moiety, and counter-ion varying with both pH and water content. Nevertheless, the factors influencing separation of individual NSAIDs remain unclear especially as no relation between log k and pKa exists for these compounds. Hydrophobic interactions are unlikely to be important since basic and neutral compounds were hardly retained. Ease of accessibility of the counter-ion to the SAX moiety for analyte displacement may be a factor.     

化合物色谱保留参数与其三维结构关系的研究

利用比较分子场分析(CoMFA)方法,建立了烷基取代苯、氯代苯、多环芳烃和二硝基取代芳烃等4类结构相近的化合物在甲醇／水体系中反相C18柱上的保留参数a,c值与其三维结构之间关系的定量模型。前3类化合物所得到的3个模型的交叉验证相关系数q2均大于0.5,其中针对烷基取代苯、氯代苯所建立的两个模型的非交叉验证相关系数r2大于0.995,表明模型具有较好的预测能力。该研究结果对进一步开展化合物液相色谱保留参数与其三维结构关系的研究提供了思路和方法。     

Analysis of the equations for the temperature dependence of the retention index. I. Relation between equations.

The relation between the parameters of several equations for the retention index temperature dependence was established, taking the hyperbola deduced from the retention theory as starting point. The transformation factors depend only on methylene contributions to the thermodynamic functions of solution and temperature. Their evolution with the mean temperature of the range was illustrated for SE-30 and Carbowax-20M glass capillary columns. On this basis the post-run standardisation of dI/dT values at a reference mean temperature is possible. Examples and statistical correlation between series of parameters from different equations for perfumery solutes were shown.     

定标粒子理论研究HPLC分子间相互作用对K'的影响

本文以统计热力学的观点, 对流动相和固定相分别采用定标粒子理论和点阵模型研究HPLC过程中溶质分子与流动相分子、固定相分子之间的相互作用, 得到了描述分子间相互作用与K'之间定量关系的关联方程, 并通过实验对该方程加以验证。     

Liquid Chromatographic Behavior of Nitrogen Compounds

Abstract

Chromatographic behavior of nitrogen compounds differed from others. The column efficiency was poor for the compounds and sometimes solutes were not eluted out from a column. Therefore, the elution volume of alkylamines, anilines, pyridines, pyrazines, quinolines and aminopolyaromatic hydrocarbons was measured on a methacrylate gel and octadecyl bonded silica gels in pH controlled acetonitrile/water mixtures. The solvent effect on the dissociation constant differs from that obtained for aromatic acids. The values in acetonitrile/water mixtures are smaller than those obtained in 100% water. The linear relation between log P and log k′ values is obtained in eluents of pH 7 where the retention of these compounds is maximized. Some hydrophobic fragmental constants are proposed from this result. Prediction of retention time of these compounds from their log P values can be done in the individual groups on octadecyl bonded silica gels in pH controlled acetonitrile/water mixtures.     

Gas chromatographic behaviour and pharmacological activity of neuroleptica

Biological activity in vitro, quantified as equilibrium inhibition constants to the dopamine receptor, of a series of neuroleptica are correlated with parameters describing polar and apolar interactions of these molecules with the receptor. Gas-chromatographic retention indices on stationary phases of different polarity are compared with parameters that are classically used in such quantitative structure/activity studies. To describe a polar interactions, a series of classical parameters such as several valence molecular indices and log k′ in a reversed-phase h.p.l.c. system are included; retention indices on the apolar stationary phase, OV101, are used as the gas-chromatographic (g.c.) parameter. To take the more specific polar interactions into account, quantum-chemical charge parameters such as the dipole moment and the charge on atoms directly involved in the interaction were calculated. Retention indices on the more polar phase OV17 are taken as the g.c. parameter for polar interactions. It is shown that the retention indices on OV101 can replace classical parameters describing aspecific or apolar interactions. The retention indices of OV17 do not correlate with biological activity and are worse than the charge parameters.     

Martin's rule revisited. Its molecular sense and limitations

The linear relation ln k' = Bn + ln A between the retention factor k' in liquid adsorption chromatography (LAC) and the number of repeat units n within a homologous series of oligomers is called Martin's rule. This empirical relation was supported by the retention behavior of the homologous series of different classes of oligomers but had no theoretical justification. In this paper, it is demonstrated that Martin's rule is a consequence of the general theory of liquid chromatography and the molecular sense of coefficients B and A is clarified: B is the Gibbs energy of the repeat unit of the long polymer chain adsorbed at the wall surface, and A is a combination different parameters which characterize the column and the adsorption correlation length H. The theory predicts the deviations from the linear dependence under conditions of weak adsorption between repeat units and stationary phase when H is close to radius of gyration Rg. Experimental data for retention volumes and selectivity of poly(ethylene glycol)s are given for normal and reversed-phase LAC on different columns in acetone-water and methanol-water as mobile phases. These data show excellent agreement between the theory and experiments. It is shown that Martin's rule holds under special conditions, which are theoretically defined by the relation H > Rg/1.5.     

反相液相色谱中同系物体系实验点与预测方程参数间的匹配研究

以波相色谱中溶质计量置换统一保留模型（SDM-R）的二参数、三参数和四参数方程为基础,研究了在预测同系物保留值时实验点与预测方程参数间的匹配关系。用两个实验点,分别以二、三和四参数方程对反相色谱中同系物保留值进行预测,发现预测值与实验值基本相符,但以二参数方程预测结果为最佳。又与其它保留方程的预测结果进行了比较,证实了上述结论。当实验点数增加到4～5个时,多参数方程预测同系物的准确度增加,且明显高于二参数方程。同时还讨论了方程中各参数与同系物碳数间的线性关系,发现二参数方程中的参数遵循同系物变化规律。