制备方法对Mg1.9Al0.1Ni合金储氢性能的影响

文中采用机械合金化(MA)和氢化燃烧法(HCS)制备了Mg1.9Al0.1Ni,通过对它们储氢性能的对比研究发现,MA优于HCS.采用MA制得的Mg1.9Al0.1Ni储氢合金具有较高的活性和高储氢量,对PCT结果进行计算,得出温度和氢平衡压的关系式.Mg1.9Al0.1Ni(MA)553K时100s内吸放氢量分别为2.67和2.54 mass%H.用XRD方法进行物相分析,表明添加适量Al没有改变Mg2Ni的物相结构,由于MA能够制备出纳米晶粒,使得Mg1.9Al0.1Ni合金具有更好的储放氢动力学性能.     

介孔氧化铝的研究进展

介孔氧化铝（MA）是比表面积超过350m²/g,孔径在2－50nm之间且孔径分布较窄的多孔氧化铝。这一新型氧化铝有望在催化剂及其它化学领域得到广泛应用,对材料科学及其应用有着重要意义。本文较全面地综述了近年来MA研究的最新进展,讨论了MA的各种合成路径和后处理方法,包括中性合成路径、阴离子合成路径和阳离子合成路径;结合XRD、氮吸附平衡等温线、TEM、²⁷Al魔角旋转核磁共振等图表对MA的结构和表征方法进行了阐述;探讨了MA作为催化剂载体和作为吸附剂的应用研究状况,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

用于锂离子电池的凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能

以丙烯腈(AN)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和衣康酸锂(IALi)为自由基共聚反应的主要单体, 采用溶液聚合方法, 合成轻度交联的P(AN-MA-IALi)聚合物电解质膜.通过FTIR, DSC和SEM等测试方法对共聚物的结构进行了表征, 利用交流阻抗等电化学方法对该膜的导电性能进行了研究.实验结果表明, 所制备的交联聚合物的室温电导率达到10-5~10-4 S/cm, 当IALi的质量分数为3%时, 所制备的聚合物电解质膜的电导率最大可达到1.89×10-4 S/cm.     

利用静电界面制备高性能蒙脱石/氢化丁腈橡胶

将甲基丙烯酸(MA)和烷基胺改性蒙脱石(MMT)混合成浆料后, 加入到氢化丁腈(HNBR)橡胶中, 通过热硫化工艺, 制备了MMT/HNBR橡胶复合材料. 采用扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜、 小角X射线衍射仪、 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和转矩流变仪研究了MA改性的MMT与橡胶间的界面及分散性, 并对复合材料的各种性能进行分析. 结果表明, 在热硫化过程中, 不仅形成了橡胶的交联网络, 而且也促使MA在橡胶中发生原位聚合. 生成的聚甲基丙烯酸与MMT表面的烷基胺形成离子对, 从而在橡胶和MMT间构筑了强的静电界面. 同时MA在MMT层间发生聚合反应, 提高了MMT在橡胶中的分散性. 动态机械性能和200%应变的应力松弛实验表明, 良好分散的MMT和静电界面有效约束了橡胶分子链在力学拉伸过程中的运动. 与纯橡胶相比, MMT/HNBR橡胶复合材料具有更大的拉伸强度和韧性. 此外, 橡胶复合材料还具有良好的N₂气阻隔性能. 因此, 配制MA/MMT浆料是一种简单方便的MMT改性方法, 制备的MMT/HNBR橡胶复合材料可用于制造具有高强韧性和气体阻隔性要求的橡胶产品.     

碳改性对Ni/Al2O3催化剂顺酐加氢合成γ-丁内酯反应性能的影响

通过热解蔗糖/Al2O3前驱体的方法制备了炭包覆改性Al2O3(CCA)载体,并采用等体积浸渍制备了负载量17 %的镍基催化剂.对载体及相应催化剂进行了TPO-MS、N2物理吸附、TPR、XRD等测试表征,并考察了催化剂顺酐(MA)加氢合成γ-丁内酯(GBL)的反应性能.结果表明,适量炭的引入改变了载体Al2O3的表面性质,使金属-载体相互作用减弱,活性组分镍的分散度提高,催化剂在MA加氢反应中表现出高的GBL选择性.当Al2O3中引入8.9 %的炭时,催化剂表现出最高的催化活性,在210 ℃,5 MPa氢气压力下反应3 h时,MA转化率达98%以上,GBL选择性达91.71 %.     

炭改性对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂顺酐加氢合成γ-丁内酯反应性能的影响

通过热解蔗糖/Al2O3前驱体的方法制备了炭包覆改性Al2O3(CCA)载体,并采用等体积浸渍制备了负载量17%的镍基催化剂.对载体及相应催化剂进行了TPO-MS、N2物理吸附、TPR、XRD等测试表征,并考察了催化剂顺酐(MA)加氢合成γ-丁内酯(GBL)的反应性能.结果表明,适量炭的引入改变了载体Al2O3的表面性质,使金属-载体相互作用减弱,活性组分镍的分散度提高,催化剂在MA加氢反应中表现出高的GBL选择性.当Al2O3中引入8.9%的炭时,催化剂表现出最高的催化活性,在210℃,5 MPa氢气压力下反应3 h时,MA转化率达98%以上,GBL选择性达91.71%.     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯顺丁烯二酸酐接枝共聚物的研究

采用DSC、TGA、POM和WAXD等方法对聚 β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)及其接枝顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物 (PHB g MA)的结晶行为、热稳定性和生物降解特性进行了研究 .结果表明接枝产物的热稳定性明显优于PHB ,热分解温度提高了 2 0余度 ;结晶行为发生很大的变化 .结晶速率减小 ,结晶温度降低 ,冷结晶温度升高 ,球晶的织态结构也随着MA接枝量的变化发生明显变化 ,并且接枝MA促进了PHB的生物降解     

手性离子液体配体交换色谱拆分扁桃酸对映体的研究

本文基于配体交换的机理,研究了以脯氨酸手性离子液体作为手性配体拆分扁桃酸(MA)对映体的方法及热力学过程。详细考察了手性离子液体的烷基链长、铜离子的浓度、离子液体的浓度和pH等因素对MA对映体分离的影响。研究发现,不同烷基链长的手性离子液体中,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑L-脯氨酸为配体时,MA对映体的拆分效果最好;随着铜离子浓度的增加,MA对映体的保留时间和分离度先增大再减小;而随着1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑L-脯氨酸离子液体的浓度和流动相pH的增大,保留时间和分离度均增大。本文还测定了拆分过程中的一些热力学参数,结果表明,MA对映体的拆分过程是一个焓控的过程,L-MA较D-MA与固定相有更强的相互作用,保留时间更长。     

密胺苯二醛多孔聚合物/聚二甲基硅氧烷混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能

以溶液复合成膜法制备了密胺苯二醛多孔聚合物(MA)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合基质膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了混合基质膜的形貌。考察了不同MA用量下MA/PDMS混合基质膜的气体分离性能,结果表明,MA的加入可以在提高PDMS膜渗透系数的同时提高CO_2气体分离选择性;随着混合基质膜中MA含量的增加,混合基质膜的渗透系数均明显提高,气体分离选择性则先增大后减小。双组分混合气体分离测试结果表明,MA/PDMS(1.2%(w,质量分数))混合基质膜对CO_2/N_2和CO_2/CH_4的分离选择性分别是19.2和6.0,CO_2的渗透系数达到8100Barrer,均高于纯PDMS膜。MA/PDMS(1.2%(w))混合基质膜对CO_2/N_2混合气的分离性能突破了Robeson上限。     

多组份含金属盐透明树脂的合成

本文将双烯聚醚砜大分子单体(BPS-MA)引入含金属(Pb、Ba等)盐单体的苯乙烯体系中进行聚合,发现单体配比与树脂透明性密切相关。对于Pb(MA)_2/St/MA/BPS-MA四元体系,欲获得透明树脂,BPS-MA用量大于20％时,摩尔比MA/[Pb(MA)_2]可由原来的5.5降至2.2左右,并且可获得n_D>1.60的透明材料。光学性能测试结果表明,Pb(MA)_2、BPS-MA量增加,n_D增大,阿贝数v_D略降低;MA量增加,n_D下降v_D略增加。适当的配比可望制备出性能优异的多组份含金属盐透明聚合物材料。     

Enhanced Adsorption Capacity and Photo-Catalytic Oxidative Activity of Dyes in Aqueous Medium by Hydrothermally Treated Titania Pillared Clay

Titania pillared montmorillonite clay was prepared by two different routes viz. 1) conventional ion exchange method and 2) modified method wherein the post hydrothermal treatment after ion-exchange was employed. The influence of the post hydrothermal treatment on the textural properties of titania-pillared clays was studied. The calcined clay was characterized by different physico-chemical techniques such as XRD, EDX, low temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The content of pillared titania remained unchanged irrespective of the method of preparation. The method of preparation and severity of the conditions employed for the hydrothermal treatment resulted in alteration of the crystallinity and crystallite size of the anatase. The changes in the average pore diameter was found to comensurate with the changes in crystallite size of anatase phase. The increase in total pore volume as a function of the severity of the post hydrothermal treatment resulted in the decrease in micropore volume. The severity of the post hydrothermal treatment governed the extent of the blue shift in UV-Vis DRS spectra.The behaviour of titania pillared clays in adsorptive capacity and in photo-catalytic oxidation of methylene blue and victoria pure blue in aqueous medium was studied as a function of their physico-chemical characteristics. The titania pillared clays prepared by post hydrothermal route has shown enhanced adsorption capacity and photo-catalytic oxidation.     

Acrylonitrile–maleic anhydride copolymer membrane (II): effects of post‐treatment1

The effects of post‐treatment (including thermal treatment and base treatment) on the structure and performance of acrylonitrile–maleic anhydride (AN‐MA) copolymer membrane were investigated. The water flux decreased gradually (except the deviations when the temperature of thermal treatment was 50 °C or the time of thermal treatment was 50 min but rejection of bovine serum albumin increased slowly with increasing temperature or prolonging the time of thermal treatment. “The swelling effect of water in network” was proposed to explain the deviations. AN‐MA copolymer membrane is not resistant to a base. However, the performance of the membrane can be adjusted by treatment with a dilute base solution. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanosynthesis and mechanochemical treatment of bismuthdoped vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride

Three Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via dihydrate route （VPD method）, which consisted of different preparation methods including mechanosynthesis, mechanochemical treatment, and the conventional reflux method. The catalysts produced by the above three methods were characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. Catalytic evaluation for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride （MA） was also carried out. The XRD patterns of all the Bi-doped catalysts showed the main peaks of pyrophosphate phase. Lower intensity peaks were observed for the mechanochemically treated Bi-doped catalyst （VPDBiMill） with two additional small peaks corresponding to the presence of a small amount of V5＋ phase. The TPR profiles showed that the highest amount of active oxygen species, i.e, V4＋–O- pair, responsible for n-butane activation, was removed from VPDBiMill. Furthermore, from the catalytic test results, the graph of selectivity to MA as a function of the conversion of n-butane demonstrated that VPDBiMill was the most selective catalyst. This suggests that the mechanochemical treatment of vanadium phosphate catalyst （VPDBiMill） is a potential method to improve the catalytic properties for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride.     

4-甲氧基-7H-呋喃[3,2-g][1]苯并吡喃-7-酮制备的新方法

以间苯三酚为起始原料,通过醚化反应、碘化反应、Pechmann反应、偶联反应、水解反应和脱羧反应合成了目标产物4-甲氧基-7H-呋喃[3,2-g][1]苯并吡喃-7-酮。经红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振测试技术对各化合物的结构进行了表征。优化了醚化反应和碘化反应的工艺条件,并探索了通过选择性碘化反应、Pechmann反应和偶联反应来合成目标化合物的可行性。反应均在常压下进行,反应条件温和,后处理相对简单,为呋喃香豆素类化合物的制备提供了新方法。     

镍基催化剂的制备、表征及选择加氢性能

研究了溶胶-凝胶-超临界流体干燥法（sol-gel-SCFD）和浸渍法（IM）制备的SiO2负载镍催化剂的顺酐液相加氢性能,并用XRD、TPR、IR等手段对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了表征.结果表明: 1) Sol-Gel-SCFD法制备的催化剂其体相和表面结构与镍含量有关,当镍含量 < 30％(质量分数)时,NiO主要以簇团形式存在;随镍含量增高到50％,过量的NiO以微晶态存在并覆盖部分NiO簇团.顺酐(MA)加氢产物有丁二酸酐(SA)和γ-丁内酯(γ-BL),它们的选择性随镍含量增加呈规律性变化;在镍含量为30％的催化剂上γ-BL选择性呈现最大值. 2) IM法制备的催化剂其体相和表面结构与镍含量无关,当镍含量在6％～30％范围内变化时,NiO都以结晶态存在,MA加氢产物为SA; NiO与SiO2的相互作用随镍含量增加而减弱,SA的选择性不变.     

Corrosion-resistant composite coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloys: In vitro studies

A composite coating was formed on MA8, MA14, and MA12 magnesium alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation with subsequent immersion of samples into a superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene suspension. In vitro volumetry determined that using this coating significantly reduces the magnesium alloy dissolution rate. It was shown that superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene seals pores of the coating, thus reducing the corrosion rate in an artificial medium that mimics human blood by ionic composition. However, the surface of the calcium phosphate coating (Ca: P = 1.61) containing hydroxyapatite remains open for contact with the environment. The obtained data suggested that the proposed method for surface treatment of MA8, MA14, and MA12 alloys is promising for producing biodegradable protective coatings on magnesium medical implants.     

Synthesis of submicrometer-sized titania spherical particles with a sol-gel method and their application to colloidal photonic crystals

A synthetic method for preparing submicrometer-sized titania particles is proposed, which is based on hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide with the use of a cosolvent and an amine catalyst for alkoxide hydrolysis. The preparation was performed with different amines of ammonia, methylamine (MA), and dimethylamine (DMA) in different solvents of ethanol/acetonitrile, ethanol/methanol, ethanol/acetone, ethanol/acetonitrile, and ethanol/formamide for 0.1-0.3 M water and 0.03 M titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) at temperatures of 10-50 degrees C. The use of the ethanol/acetonitrile solvent with MA was required for preparing monodispersed, spherical particles. The number average of the titania particle sizes and their coefficient of variation were varied from 143 to 551 nm and from 5.7 to 20.6%, respectively, with reaction temperature and concentrations of water and MA. Colloidal crystals of titania particles fabricated with a sedimentation method revealed reflection peaks attributed to Bragg's diffraction. Annealing at 100-1000 degrees C led to shrinkage and crystallization of titania particles followed by an increase in the refractive index of titania particles.     

One step and highly sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction sample preparation approach for the analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine

A fiber-stable, repeatable and highly sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method was developed for the analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AM) in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode. For sample preparation, the test specimen was placed in a 7 ml vial along with the additives (KOH and NaCl) and the internal standards (d8-MA and d8-AM), a glass insert containing heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) and heptafluorobutyric chloride (HFBCl) as derivatizing reagents was inserted into the vial, the vial was then sealed tightly. A SPME device with a 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane fiber was inserted into the vial and the fiber was exposed to the headspace in the insert, then the vial was heated and stirred at 100 degrees C and 600 rpm for 20 min for evaporation/adsorption/derivatization. The vaporized analytes (AM and MA) in the vial diffused into the glass insert though the holes on the insert, they absorbed onto the fiber, and then interacted with the vapor of the derivatizing reagent. Some of the analytes in the headspace of the glass insert may react with the vapor of the derivatizing reagent first, and then adsorb onto the fiber. The needle was finally removed and inserted into the injection port to desorb the analytes with the fiber exposed to the liner of the GC-MS system for analysis. By combining HFBCl and HFBA as derivatizing reagents and placing them in an insert, the HS-SPME method achieves high sensitivity for the analysis of AM and MA. Correlation coefficients derived from typical calibration curves in the 1.0-1700 ng ml(-1) range are 0.998 for MA and 0.994 for AM. The limits of detection and the limits of quantitation using a sample size of 1 ml are 0.3 and 1.0 ng ml(-1), respectively, for both MA and AM in urine specimens. Because the water hydrolysis of derivatizing reagent is much faster than the acylation reaction of the primary and secondary amines with the derivatizing reagent, the amphetamines cannot be acylated effectively over heated aqueous solution, and therefore this study provides a new acylation design in moisture surroundings. The proposed process also simplifies the procedure for urine sample preparation, and makes the automation of SPME possible.     

Alkylation of 2,6-di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-butylphenol with methyl acrylate catalyzed by potassium 2,6-di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-butylphenoxide

The kinetics of catalytic alkylation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (ArOH) with methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of potassium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide (ArOK) depends on the method for the preparation of ArOK. The reaction of ArOH with KOH at temperatures > 180 °C affords monomeric ArOK, whose properties differ from those in the case of potassium 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide synthesized by the earlier methods. The regularities of ArOH alkylation depend on the ArOK concentration, the ArOH: MA ratio, and the effect of microadditives of polar solvents. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1971–1974, October, 2007.     

A novel technique for preparing of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins

A novel mechanochemical method of preparation of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was developed. The preparation was performed by ball milling of polypropylene (PP) powder, maleic anhydride (MA), and peroxide initiator in balls-containing jars with a planetary ball mill for a certain time. Compared with the conventional melt-mixing method, MAPP obtained through ball-milling technique reveals higher graft degree, particularly alleviated degradation of PP, or even increased molecular mass of the resulting MAPP. Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was obtained via this technique, and the optimization of the technique is in progress. The novel technique offers new opportunities in modification of polyolefins, which has also the advantages of solventless, lower process temperature, energy efficient, low cost, and simple running process. Furthermore, it is very easy to obtain purified products.