包含—受扭迴转轴的半空间的性质*

本文研究包含有一根部份嵌入的迴转轴的半空间的性质.不用知道一给定的嵌入的轴的扭转问题的精确解,这些性质能指出此半空间的位移或应力场的某些特点并且有时可以用来检查数值解.文中给出嵌入半空间的受扭的刚性圆柱的轴的表面上的正确的应力分布的检查的例子.     

形式实模的核心

通过含单位元的交换环的实素理想构造出对应的模的实素子模,得到模的序存在的一个充要条件,并对模的所有序的支集的交集(文中称作"模的核心")作出一定的刻划,找到了判断模中的元素属于模的核心的充要条件.     

几何学概论(三)

(四)罗氏几何的光辉照亮了科学前进的道路我们来分析他的学说的哲学意义.在罗氏的时代,哲学中占统治地位的思想是康德的"不可知论",按照这批人的说法,客观世界是存在的,但是不可知的,时间空间是人心的创造,是人心给经验安排的秩序,我们所确实知道的世界的规律性是人心按先天的原则所创造出来的,先天就是与经验无关的,这样,我们的空间观念就完全是人心的创造,     

方程a~x=loga~x的解

一个方程的解可以看作两个函数的图象的交点的横坐标。反过来,方程的解又可以反映两个函数之间的某种关系,即它们的图象相交的情况。因此,可以利用函数的性质对方程的解,特别是直接求解很困难的某些超越方程的解的情况作出定性的讨论。也可以利用方程的解对函数的图象间的交点个数作出定量的研究,本文主要通过对函数y=x~(1/x)和y=x~x的性质的分析,就方程a~x=x和a~x=loga~x等的解的情况进行讨论。     

映射与函数、指数函数

1　重、难点分析关于映射与函数的概念 ,重点是映射、函数的概念的理解与掌握 ,难点是对映射、函数概念 ,对函数符号 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ) ,以及对函数是一种特殊的映射的理解 ,对函数的定义域、值域的理解与掌握 .对于函数的单调性和奇偶性 ,重点是对函数的单调性、奇偶性的概念的理解 ,难点是对函数的单调性、奇偶性的判断与应用 .关于反函数 ,重点是反函数的概念的理解 ,难点是对求反函数的方法的掌握 .关于指数、指数函数 ,重点是分数指数幂的概念和分数指数幂的运算性质、指数函数的图象和性质的理解与掌握 ,难点是根式的概念和分数指数幂的概念…     

任意角的三角函数

1本单元重点、难点分析三角函数是中学数学的重要内容之一,也是高等数学的重要基础。本单元首先将角的概念进行推广,并引入弧度制的表示方式,再定义六种三角函数,然后探讨同角三角函数间的一些基本关系式及三角函数的诱导公式。角的概念的推广和角的度量单位的更新(引入弧度制)是本单元的第一个重点,它拓宽了三角函数的应用范围,简化了三角函数的研究,是进一步学习三角函数的基础,起到了承上启下的作用.任意角的三角函数的定义是进一步学习三角函数的根基,由此导出的三角函数的符号、同角三角函数间的基本关系式及三角函数的诱导公式是本单…     

微分差分方程解之稳定性

最近20—30年来在调节过程的研究中微分差分方程得到很多的应用.在调节理论和在很多其他具有时滞的过程的理论中所发生的基本问题中的一个问题是关于过程的稳定性的问题,一般化为关于微分差分方程解的稳定性的问题.这具问题吸引了非常多的工作者的注意(参考交末的目录),但据我们所知,这些零散的研究从未被有系统地综述过.这篇文章的目的是用简要的形式综述关于微分差分方程解的稳定性的工作的结果,也包括本文作者的若干研究在内.     

三棱锥体积在解题中的应用

三棱锥是一种特殊的棱锥;它的每一个顶点都可为棱锥的顶点,它的每一个面均可为棱锥的底面,而体积总是不变的。利用这一特点,可以把求多面体的体积和多边形的面积分别转化为求三棱锥的体积和三校锥的底面积;把求点到平面的距离、直线和平面的距离以及两条异面直线的距离转化为求三棱锥的高等等。一求多面体的体积多面体的体积,可以转化成若干个三棱锥的体积和,由于三棱锥的底面具有轮换性,可适当选取三棱锥的底面,较容易地求出三棱锥的体积,进而求出多面体的体积。     

关于二次曲线的切线及奇异点的探讨

利用二次曲线的切线的定义,分别讨论过二次曲线上的一点的切线的求法及过二次曲线外的一点的切线的两种求法,并且得到了存在奇异点的二次曲线的具体类型.     

模糊有限状态机的积的代数性质

文章利用代数的方法讨论了模糊有限状态机的全直积、级联积、圈积、模糊有限状态机的和的代数性质。证明了模糊有限状态机的和与其因子在子系统(强子系统)、交换性、连通性、可恢复性等方面的相似的结构性质;给出了模糊有限状态机的全直积、级联积、圈积与其因子之间的关系;获得了模糊有限状态机的各种积的容许划分与其因子的容许划分之间的关系、以及模糊有限状态机的积的商与模糊有限状态机的商的积之间的联系。     

Boundary Value Problems for Various Boundaries of Hermitian Symmetric Spaces

The image of the Poisson transform on a principal series representations on a boundary component of a Hermitian symmetric space is considered. We prove that the image is characterized by a covariant differential operator on a homogeneous line bundle on the symmetric space.     

球面上的曲面插值

<正>1引言随着现代工业生产的飞速发展,航空、气象、环境监测等领域需要研究解决限制在曲面上的四维数据插值问题,即由有限个位置处的信息推测其它若干位置点的信息.例如,地球上某个地区的温度分布、降雨量分布、大气层的"温室效应"等;飞行器(飞机、火箭、导弹等)表面压力分布规律、肿瘤的生长规律等.这些在数学上都可归结为限制在曲面上的曲面插值与逼近问题.这个问题自Barnhill提出以后,人们针对限制在球面上     

Irreducible projective representations of finite groups

The purpose of this paper is to prove a result on the number of irreducible projective representations of a finite group with respect to a given factor set and a group of linear characters acting on them. It includes a determination of the number of classes of projectively equivalent representations as well as a result of M. Osima on the classes of linearly equivalent representations. Osima proved his result by defining and calculating on irreducible projective Brauer characters, whereas the method used here is based on Brauer's well-known result for the linear modular representations and an induction argument on suitable coverings.     

Dilations for systems of imprimitivity acting on Banach spaces

Motivated by a general dilation theory for operator-valued measures, framings and bounded linear maps on operator algebras, we consider the dilation theory of the above objects with special structures. We show that every operator-valued system of imprimitivity has a dilation to a probability spectral system of imprimitivity acting on a Banach space. This completely generalizes a well-known result which states that every frame representation of a countable group on a Hilbert space is unitarily equivalent to a subrepresentation of the left regular representation of the group. We also prove that isometric group representation induced framings on a Banach space can be dilated to unconditional bases with the same structure for a larger Banach space. This extends several known results on the dilations of frames induced by unitary group representations on Hilbert spaces.     

Maximal success durations for a semi-Markov process

Asymptotic distributional theorems are presented for the maximal sojourn duration on a semi-Markov chain and for the first passage time until a lengthy duration. Our analysis characterizes the limiting behavior of the longest “generalized success outcome” on a semi-Markov chain. The models include long runs on a single state, on a group of states, and on a set of transitions between states. Applications to success durations containing interruptions and to durations having infinite mean length are also presented.     

Rotational symmetry and properties of the ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces

We give a simple proof for the rotational symmetry of ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces. As a consequence we obtain a simple proof of some results of Daskalopoulos, Hamilton and Sesum on the a priori estimates for the ancient solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces. We also give a simple proof for the solution to be a Rosenau solution under some mild conditions on the solutions of Ricci flow on surfaces.     

Measure free martingales

We give a necessary and sufficient condition on a sequence of functions on a set Ω under which there is a measure on Ω which renders the given sequence of functions a martingale. Further such a measure is unique if we impose a natural maximum entropy condition on the conditional probabilities.     

On the existence of nontrivial extremal metrics on complete noncompact surfaces

In this paper, we consider the 2-dimensional local Calabi flow on a complete noncompact surface . Then, based on the Harnack-type estimate, we show the long-time existence and asymptotic convergence of a subsequence of solutions of such a flow on with and bounded from above by a negative constant on a ball. For its applications, this will lead to the existence of extremal metrics on a complete noncompact surface of finite topological type. In particular, there exists an extremal metric of nonconstant Gaussian curvature on or Received: 21 June 2001 / 18 January 2002 / Published online: 27 June 2002 Research supported in part by NSC and NCTS.     

Reconstruction matrices and calibration relations for minimal splines

On a nonuniform gird, we consider twice continuously differentiable splines of third order and obtain calibration relations expressing the coordinate splines on the original grid as a linear combination of splines of the same type on a refined grid. We also obtain calibration relations representing the coordinate splines on an enlarged grid as a linear combination of splines of the same type on the original grid. We derive the reconstruction matrices on an interval and on a segment for the space of third order splines associated with infinite and finite nonuniform grids respectively. Bibliography: 10 titles.