Dim moving target tracking algorithm based on particle discriminative sparse representation

The small dim moving target usually submerged in strong noise, and its motion observability is debased by numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A target tracking algorithm based on particle filter and discriminative sparse representation is proposed in this paper to cope with the uncertainty of dim moving target tracking. The weight of every particle is the crucial factor to ensuring the accuracy of dim target tracking for particle filter (PF) that can achieve excellent performance even under the situation of non-linear and non-Gaussian motion. In discriminative over-complete dictionary constructed according to image sequence, the target dictionary describes target signal and the background dictionary embeds background clutter. The difference between target particle and background particle is enhanced to a great extent, and the weight of every particle is then measured by means of the residual after reconstruction using the prescribed number of target atoms and their corresponding coefficients. The movement state of dim moving target is then estimated and finally tracked by these weighted particles. Meanwhile, the subspace of over-complete dictionary is updated online by the stochastic estimation algorithm. Some experiments are induced and the experimental results show the proposed algorithm could improve the performance of moving target tracking by enhancing the consistency between the posteriori probability distribution and the moving target state.     

An object tracking method based on guided filter for night fusion image

Online object tracking is a challenging problem as it entails learning an effective model to account for appearance change caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this paper, we propose a novel online object tracking with guided image filter for accurate and robust night fusion image tracking. Firstly, frame difference is applied to produce the coarse target, which helps to generate observation models. Under the restriction of these models and local source image, guided filter generates sufficient and accurate foreground target. Then accurate boundaries of the target can be extracted from detection results. Finally timely updating for observation models help to avoid tracking shift. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on challenging image sequences demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm performs favorably against several state-of-art methods.     

一种新的层次粒子滤波的目标跟踪方法

提出一种新的层次粒子滤波算法,选择局部区域特征点和颜色信息建立目标模型,引入粒子的二阶采样过程.算法通过粒子的一阶权重更新获得好的初始分布,二阶权重更新保证粒子的高置信度和高的采样效率,当粒子数目小于一定阈值时进行重要性重采样,利用仿射模型对目标区域精确定位及姿态修正.实验表明:改进算法将目标局部特征分布与目标颜色信息相结合,通过二阶采样过程,保证了局部特征跟踪的稳定性,解决了经典理论中误匹配导致的采样点发散问题,在目标部分遮挡情况下也可以完成实时目标跟踪.     

水下多目标方位的联合检测与跟踪

针对水下多目标方位跟踪及航迹关联问题,提出了一种粒子滤波的联合检测与跟踪方法.该方法在状态滤波过程中不需要方位观测值的输入,直接根据波束能量评估粒子的似然函数;利用交叉和变异算子进化小权值样本,通过低差异性序列的重采样提高子代粒子多样性。实现了多目标的跟踪并避免了方位观测量与多目标航迹关联的问题。仿真结果表明,在航迹断续和航迹交叉的情况下,该方法能够连续准确地跟踪目标方位。利用水下无人平台舷侧线阵的试验数据对算法性能进行了验证,正横方向的跟踪误差在3°以内;在目标运动模型失配时仍可以收敛到正确的方位航迹,没有出现错跟与失跟现象,可提高对交叉、汇聚及分离的多目标方位航迹的连续检测与跟踪能力.      

基于粒子滤波的多普勒信息辅助目标定位跟踪算法

多基地声呐探测系统主要通过测量回波的时延和方位信息进行目标定位与跟踪,定位精度受声速、时延和方位测量误差的影响较大,可以通过多普勒信息辅助进一步提高定位跟踪精度.现有的多普勒信息辅助定位跟踪算法多适用于单基地声呐系统,多基地中的多普勒测量值与目标状态的关系更为复杂,需要研究新的融合方法.该文提出了一种适用于多基地声呐系...     

Robust visual tracking with contiguous occlusion constraint

Visual tracking plays a fundamental role in video surveillance, robot vision and many other computer vision applications. In this paper, a robust visual tracking method that is motivated by the regularized \(\ell\)1 tracker is proposed. We focus on investigating the case that the object target is occluded. Generally, occlusion can be treated as some kind of contiguous outlier with the target object as background. However, the penalty function of the \(\ell\)1 tracker is not robust for relatively dense error distributed in the contiguous regions. Thus, we exploit a nonconvex penalty function and MRFs for outlier modeling, which is more probable to detect the contiguous occluded regions and recover the target appearance. For long-term tracking, a particle filter framework along with a dynamic model update mechanism is developed. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate a robust and precise performance.     

基于多速率交互式多模型的快速光电跟踪算法

针对交互式多模型粒子滤波算法运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于多速率跟踪思想的交互式多模型算法.该算法根据各模型假定的机动性,采用不同的数据更新速率,实现了模式空间和测量空间的混合滤波.同时,多模型综合选配了不同的滤波算法,其中,弱机动模型匹配卡尔曼滤波器,强机动模型匹配粒子滤波器.仿真结果表明,与传统的交互式多模型粒子滤波算法相比,本文算法在保证滤波精度的基础上,具有较低的计算复杂度,降低了约38.9%,能够有效地改善光电目标跟踪系统的可靠性和实时性.     

Infrared small target tracking based on sample constrained particle filtering and sparse representation

Infrared search and track technology for small target plays an important role in infrared warning and guidance. In view of the tacking randomness and uncertainty caused by background clutter and noise interference, a robust tracking method for infrared small target based on sample constrained particle filtering and sparse representation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to distinguish the normal region and interference region in target sub-blocks, we introduce a binary support vector, and combine it with the target sparse representation model, after which a particle filtering observation model based on sparse reconstruction error differences between sample targets is developed. Secondly, we utilize saliency extraction to obtain the high frequency area in infrared image, and make it as a priori knowledge of the transition probability model to limit the particle filtering sampling process. Lastly, the tracking result is brought about via target state estimation and the Bayesian posteriori probability calculation. Theoretical analyses and experimental results show that our method can enhance the state estimation ability of stochastic particles, improve the sparse representation adaptabilities for infrared small targets, and optimize the tracking accuracy for infrared small moving targets.     

Robust visual tracking base on adaptively multi-feature fusion and particle filter

In order to avoid the tracking failure based on single feature under the conditions of cluttered backgrounds illumination changes, a robust tracking algorithm was proposed based on adaptively multi-feature fusion and particle filter. Color histogram was used to describe the overall distribution characteristics of the target and histogram of oriented gradients containing some construction information and LBP is very effective to describe the image texture features. The Three features were fused in the frame of particle filter. Meanwhile, the weights of each feature were adjusted dynamically. The experimental results show that with adaptive fusion, the tracker becomes more robust to illumination changes, pose variations, partial occlusions, cluttered backgrounds and camera motion.     

Improved particle filters for multi-target tracking

We present a novel approach for improving particle filters for multi-target tracking. The suggested approach is based on drift homotopy for stochastic differential equations. Drift homotopy is used to design a Markov Chain Monte Carlo step which is appended to the particle filter and aims to bring the particle filter samples closer to the observations while at the same time respecting the target dynamics. We have used the proposed approach on the problem of multi-target tracking with a nonlinear observation model. The numerical results show that the suggested approach can improve significantly the performance of a particle filter.     

基于混合粒子滤波的水下小目标跟踪

针对水下小目标粒子滤波估计过程中“粒子贫化”引起的估计性能下降,提出了混合粒子滤波算法。该算法在常规粒子滤波算法基础上,在每一步迭代估计过程中进行量测的再次随机采样,以丰富随机粒子多样性,缓解水下小目标状态估计过程中的“粒子贫化”的影响。对算法进行了仿真分析,并将该方法用于水下小目标探测实验的数据处理,结果表明,相比于常规的粒子滤波算法,所提出的混合粒子滤波得到了误差更小且稳定的状态估计结果,有效地改善水下小目标跟踪的精度和稳健性。     

Modified particle filter-based infrared pedestrian tracking

Tracking infrared pedestrian targets is a crucial part in video surveillance. Many factors make this problem decidedly non-linear and non-Gaussian, and the appropriate solution at present is based on the particle filter technique which is powerful and simple to implement. But in many cases, the traditional particle filter tracking algorithm fails to track the targets robustly and accurately. To solve these problems, a modified particle filter algorithm that combines intensity and edge cues is proposed. The algorithm firstly extracts the intensity cue and edge cue of the target based on the visual models which are originally learnt from the first frame and will be updated during the tracking process according to an automatic model updating strategy. Secondly, these two cues are combined into the particle filter framework by an adaptive integration scheme. Furthermore, its performance is evaluated with real-world infrared pedestrian sequences and extensive experimental results show that the presented method can track the infrared pedestrian more effectively and reliably than the traditional particle filter algorithm.     

恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术及其应用研究

粒子滤波是一种基于蒙特卡洛思想的非线性、非高斯滤波器,其一般采用重要性采样进行粒子采样。但重要性采样容易出现粒子退化现象。解决粒子样本退化问题一般采用重采样。重采样虽然解决了样本的退化问题,同时又引入了采样贫瘠问题。本文根据海洋混响的统计特性和混响中目标的恒虚警率检测原理,提出了恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术,恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术使采样粒子尽可能集中在目标附近,有效地描述目标后验概率,降低了粒子数,减小了计算量。本文将此技术应用到海洋混响中的声纳目标跟踪中,既解决了传统卡尔曼滤波在声纳目标跟踪中的非线性、非高斯问题,又解决了粒子滤波的粒子退化及采样贫瘠问题。文中对高分辨率声纳目标数据进行了滤波跟踪,结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于动态目标建模的粒子滤波视觉跟踪算法

提出一种根据场景变化动态建立目标模型的粒子滤波视觉跟踪算法.该方法首先选择简单且具有互补性的特征描述当前图像,并统一采用直方图法对这些特征进行建模;然后在粒子滤波框架下,根据巴塔恰里亚测度评价各个目标特征和背景特征之间的可区分程度,动态调整特征间的置信度;并对各个特征似然函数的噪音参量进行在线估计和更新,使其似然函数的度量标准达到统一.分析和实验表明,该算法性能优于仅仅采用多特征融合进行粒子滤波视觉跟踪的方法,对摄像机运动、混淆干扰、遮挡及目标外观大小的改变具有更强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于融合反馈的改进粒子滤波行人跟踪算法

针对一般粒子滤波算法容易受到相似背景干扰和遮挡影响的问题,提出一种新的融合反馈的改进粒子滤波跟踪算法。该算法将最近的观测信息融入建议分布函数,便于粒子搜索目标最可能的位置,根据相对位移的变化自适应调整跟踪窗口尺度的变化,降低了计算的复杂度,一定程度上保持了粒子的多样性。实验结果表明:该算法有效地解决了遮挡、相似背景混乱以及目标尺寸变化问题,整体跟踪性能优于粒子滤波算法。     

自适应分层采样辅助粒子滤波在视频跟踪中的应用研究

以视频目标跟踪中粒子滤波的粒子采样优化设计为研究内容,提出一种自适应分层采样辅助粒子滤波算法,以实现保证跟踪准确度和兼顾跟踪鲁棒性的要求.以Bhattacharyya系数为参量设计了粒子数调节函数,能够根据跟踪质量在粒子集中自适应分配用于保证准确度的粒子数和维持鲁棒性的粒子数.以最小二乘法对目标运动的预测点作为产生新粒子集的均值偏移操作起点,使新粒子集更准确的描述目标似然分布并提高算法效率.不同场景下的跟踪实验表明,算法能很好的应用于遮挡和运动方向渐变等情况下的跟踪,处理时间满足实时性要求.     

基于特征自适应选择的金字塔均值漂移跟踪方法

针对均值漂移跟踪算法框架不足以对目标帧间运动过大及快速尺度变化进行有效地处理,且单个图像特征对环境适应性较差.提出了一种特征自适应选择方法,通过分析目标与背景的特征区分度来选择出最有效的特征.将金字塔自适应分解和均值漂移跟踪结合,提出了金字塔均值漂移跟踪方法.采用背景加权直方图描述目标模板模型,核函数加权直方图描述候选...     

粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱运动目标跟踪算法

评估每个粒子的重要性是确保粒子滤波法跟踪目标准确性的重要因素。针对背景杂波和噪声干扰形成的大量虚警导致小弱目标跟踪识别的随机性和不确定性问题, 提出了一种基于粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱目标跟踪方法。该方法根据红外图像信号自适应构建分类超完备字典, 即反映目标信号特征的目标字典和表示背景杂波的背景字典, 有利于突出目标粒子和背景粒子在联合分类字典的稀疏表征差异程度;建立基于目标粒子和背景粒子稀疏重构残差差异性的粒子滤波观测模型, 采用随机估计法对字典子空间进行在线更新, 实现对目标状态估计与跟踪。理论分析和试验结果表明, 该方法增强了随机粒子的状态估计能力, 提升了粒子稀疏表征对小弱运动目标的适应能力和跟踪识别准确度。     

基于改进巴氏指标和模型更新的视觉跟踪算法

传统的Mean Shift算法采用巴氏系数度量模型与候选模型之间的统计特征相似性,但是由于背景特征的影响,有时应用巴氏指标进行匹配得到最优解的位置并不一定是目标的实际位置,在跟踪过程中可能导致目标定位出现偏差。该文提出一种改进的巴氏系数相似度指标,指标由于引入了前景/背景置信值,能够有效抑制待匹配区域中背景特征的影响,突出目标特征的权重,与原始的巴氏指标相比,明显提高了目标匹配的准确性。基于改进的巴氏指标,对目标与背景区域双模型相似度系数进行综合分析,合理地判断干扰目标匹配的原因,从而采取相应的模型更新策略。采用4段具有挑战性的视频序列对5种跟踪算法进行了测试,通过定量实验分析可知,文中算法处理1帧视频所需的平均时间为75.76 ms,实时性仅次于原始的Mean Shift跟踪算法,同时跟踪误差在5种跟踪算法中取得了最优结果。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效抑制背景干扰和避免模型漂移,在不同的复杂场景下都具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guided filter and convolutional network based tracking for infrared dim moving target

The dim moving target usually submerges in strong noise, and its motion observability is debased by numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio. A tracking algorithm that integrates the Guided Image Filter (GIF) and the Convolutional neural network (CNN) into the particle filter framework is presented to cope with the uncertainty of dim targets. First, the initial target template is treated as a guidance to filter incoming templates depending on similarities between the guidance and candidate templates. The GIF algorithm utilizes the structure in the guidance and performs as an edge-preserving smoothing operator. Therefore, the guidance helps to preserve the detail of valuable templates and makes inaccurate ones blurry, alleviating the tracking deviation effectively. Besides, the two-layer CNN method is adopted to obtain a powerful appearance representation. Subsequently, a Bayesian classifier is trained with these discriminative yet strong features. Moreover, an adaptive learning factor is introduced to prevent the update of classifier’s parameters when a target undergoes sever background. At last, classifier responses of particles are utilized to generate particle importance weights and a re-sample procedure preserves samples according to the weight. In the predication stage, a 2-order transition model considers the target velocity to estimate current position. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm outperforms several relative algorithms in the accuracy.