用NMR弛豫研究溶液中聚苯乙烯的缠结特性

详细研究了在θ溶剂环已烷和二氧六环中聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）链的弛豫特性随分子量、浓度和温度的变化规律，发现在ＰＳ的溶液中同时存在拓扑缠结和凝聚缠结．前者的形成强烈的依赖于分子量、浓度和温度，而后者主要同浓度和温度有关．侧基苯环的层叠作用（即凝聚缠结）对ＰＳ的溶解过程及主链的运动有很大影响，从而对ＰＳ的溶液性质乃至固体性质起着决定性作用．另外还发现在不同分子量范围内，分子量对ＰＳ的弛豫特性的影响明显不同．这被解释为同溶液中ＰＳ链的缠结的形成，单位体积内缠结点数的增加等因素有关．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物的NMR研究Ⅱ.甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物的核弛豫研究

用核弛豫研究了溶液中甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物体系中高分子链间的凝聚态结构.通过对溶液中甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物的变温¹³C NMR自旋-晶格弛豫的研究,发现此体系具有类似小分子在溶液中的弛豫特性.变温¹H NMR自旋-自旅弛豫呈现出双指数特性,弛豫快的部分随温度升高而减少对应于聚合物链间凝聚缠结的解缠,当温度继续升高时,主链的这种组分又开始增加,说明主链中形成新的缠结.研究结果还表明,在这种共聚物中,例基萘环的叠加较少.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯—萘乙烯共聚物的NMR研究Ⅱ.甲基丙烯酸甲酯—萘乙烯共聚物的核弛豫研究

用核弛豫研究了溶液中甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物体系中高分子链间的凝聚态结构．通过对溶液中甲基丙烯酸甲酯-萘乙烯共聚物的变温13CNMR自旋-晶格弛豫的研究，发现此体系具有类似小分子在溶液中的弛豫特性．变温1HNMR自旋-自旅弛豫呈现出双指数特性，弛豫快的部分随温度升高而减少对应于聚合物链间凝聚缠结的解缠，当温度继续升高时，主链的这种组分又开始增加，说明主链中形成新的缠结．研究结果还表明，在这种共聚物中，例基萘环的叠加较少．     

聚酰胺66溶液弛豫行为的NMR研究

用1D和2D NMR技术归属了聚酰胺66的1H和13C的NMR共振信号,并通过聚酰胺66溶液温度和浓度改变对氢核弛豫时间的影响,得到了其分子运动信息.结果表明随着温度的升高,聚酰胺66链间氢键逐渐解离,大分子链间相互作用逐渐减弱.而解离出来的链段又与溶剂小分子可以形成新的氢键,使聚酰胺66链卷曲并包含着部分溶剂分子一起运动.随着溶液浓度的增大,由于分子链间距变小,使得分子间作用力增强,链缠结程度加大,使链运动受限.     

聚丙烯酸水溶液及α-A12O3悬浮液的流变性研究

研究了pH、聚丙烯酸（PAA）浓度和分子量对PAA水溶液的粘度的影响,发现溶液的流变行为与溶液中PAA高分子链的离子化程度和构型密切相关,高分子链刚性程度的增加和链的伸展使溶液在pH为7－9时的粘度最大;研究了在PAA溶液中引入陶瓷粉体后悬浮液的粘度变化,发现当陶瓷粉体和PAA的量达到一定比值时悬浮液体系的粘度达到最小值,同时发现陶瓷粉体的粒径大小与这一粘度最小值和悬浮液流变特性也有关。     

不同形态MEH-PPV的构象及其光学特性

通过对在固溶体、稀溶液、薄膜和纳米孔中MEH—PPV的PL和PLE谱的测量分析,研究不同形态下MEH-PPV分子链的构象及其对电子能带和光学性质的影响。在THF稀溶液中,MEH—PPV分子链基本上皆为分立态;在MEH—PPV薄膜中,分子链基本上皆为聚集态;在MEH-PPV／PS固溶体中,MEH—PPV分子链为聚集态和分立态两构象并存,聚集态的比例随MEH-PPV浓度的增加而升高;在多孔氧化铝模板纳米孔中,MEH—PPV分子链形成链束。分立态、聚集态和链束这三种不同构象的分子链具有不同的电子能带结构和光学性质。     

在玻璃转变温度及其以上温区聚苯乙烯/聚氧化乙烯共混物的动力学弛豫行为

用熔融共混法制备了不同组分的聚苯乙烯(PS)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混物(PS/PEO).在玻璃转变温度T_g及其以上温区,利用相对能量耗散技术研究了该共混物的动力学行为.结果发现,在能量耗散-温度曲线上出现了两个弛豫型的耗散峰(α峰和α′峰).分析表明,α峰是与PS玻璃转变有关的特征耗散峰; α′峰则对应于一种“液-液转变”.两者的弛豫时间τ都不满足Arrhenius关系.此外,还研究了组分对这两个弛豫型耗散峰的影响,并给予了定性的解释. 关键词： 相对能量耗散 玻璃转变 力学弛豫     

La2/3Ca1/3MnO3超薄膜应力弛豫过程及性质研究

锰氧化物庞磁电阻材料超薄膜的应力弛豫特性的研究对理解这一强关联体系的特性及应用都具有重要的意义.为此,我们研究了不同温度退火的La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/LaAlO3超薄膜的形貌、结构、电输运特性等.发现退火导致的应力弛豫对薄膜的性质有很强的调制作用,其电输运性质及结构呈现明显的阶段性变化过程,我们提出了一个高温应力弛豫模型对所观察到的实验现象进行了解释.实验中观察到的规则的自相似网状纳米结构,显示了薄膜应力弛豫过程中自组织生长的分形特征.     

高分子熔体和浓溶液的流变性能研究：一种能预测线性粘弹性同…

本文得到了一组线性粘弹性函数同高分子熔体的起始分子量和其分布间的新定量关系式。基于多重缠结模型和两类松驰机理，我们首次创立了两类缠结链组在高分子链近程缠结空间的平均限制维数ｖ的新概念，推导出了它同起始分子量（单分散）、数均分子量（多分散）Ｍｂ和缠结点间平均分子量Ｍｅ等间的定量关系式，并提出了它的相应测定新方法。进而又从高分子熔体粘弹性分子理论和缠结链组的平均限制维数定量表征出发，用统计方法计算出了     

分子量分布对线性PNIPA/D20溶液相变和扩散性质的影响

利用¹H NMR谱和NMR自扩散方法研究了2种不同分子量分布的聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPA）的相变行为和扩散性质,发现分子量分布对PNIPA水溶液的相变行为和扩散性质都有明显影响. 在PNIPA水溶液的相变温度-浓度曲线中,宽分子量分布PNIPA的曲线下降比较平缓,而低分子量分布PNIPA的曲线先是快速降低,然后趋于缓和. 在扩散实验中,宽分子量分布PNIPA的自扩散衰减曲线呈现一定的曲率,而且温度越低,浓度越高,曲率越大;而窄分子量分布PNIPA的自扩散衰减曲线几乎是直线,受温度和浓度的影响很小. 通过基于经典的Kohlrausch Williams-Watts延展指数关系式来拟合宽分子量分布PNIPA自扩散系数和常规方程拟合窄分子量分布PNIPA自扩散系数的2种方法对比,可以得到基于Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts的延展指数拟合,有效改善分子量分布造成的影响.     

Study on O-Terphenyl/Polystyrene Blends: How Plasticizer Affects the Glass Transition of Polystyrene?

The effect of plasticizer o-terphenyl on the glass transition of polystyrene was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from a new aspect. The peak areas of four conformation insensitive bands as a function of temperature were studied, these being assigned to the vibrational modes of main chain groups and side groups of polystyrene. It was shown that the reorientation relaxation temperature of the main chain around glass transition was lower than that of the side groups when polystyrene was plasticized by o-terphenyl. It was explained on the basis of cohesional entanglements of polystyrene chains. The reorientation relaxation region of the side groups was nearly the same as the macroscopically observable glass transition region of polystyrene, implying that the glass transition process of polystyrene was dominated by the reorientation of side groups.     

凝聚态下聚苯乙烯的构象

由NMR弛豫测量提供了在环已烷溶剂中聚苯乙烯侧基苯环凝聚缠结的证据.文中用HyperChem程序中的分子力学和分子动态学的分子模型计算对真空状态中凝聚态下聚苯乙烯([CH₂CH]_n,n=6,18,21和60)的构象进行了计算.结果如下:1)聚苯乙烯(头-尾相接,当n=6在240℃(熔点)下进行不同时间的分子动态学拟合后,冷却到室温(25℃).随着拟合时间的增长,体系的平衡能量逐渐降低,结构中苯环的重叠更加明显.在拟合时间不太长(小于20ps)的情况下,体系即达一稳定构象状态.此时,聚苯乙烯中部份相邻的苯环以一对一对的形式基本上重叠,两苯环间相距~0.3nm;但各对苯环的方向各异.延长拟合时间(60-100ps)体系能量更低,出现相邻三个和四个苯环相互重叠的现象;升高拟合起始温度到1727℃,可以缩短拟合时间得到同样结果.2)为使计算结果更能符合真实高聚物,必须增大n值.由于计算速度所限,只能进行不太长时间的计算,取n=18,21和60的结果与n=6时完全一致.3)头-头或尾-尾相接的聚苯乙烯(n=6)在相同的条件下不能得到类似结果,相互平行的苯环均相距在0.6nm以上.计算结果充分说明凝聚态聚苯乙烯的构象存在有相邻侧基苯环(2,3,4个)呈相距~0.3nm的重叠状态,但重叠在一起的聚集体取向不尽相同.它为聚苯乙烯中存在有短程有序的凝聚缠结提供了理论依据.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的三量子比特海森伯模型中的对纠缠

研究了一维三量子比特海森伯模型中的对纠缠的提高和控制问题,在该系统中引入了Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya（DM)相互作用,通过求解共生来计算两量子比特之间的热纠缠,结果表明：对于XXX模型,引入DM相互作用D,可以诱导铁磁和反铁磁自旋链产生热纠缠,尽管它们产生热纠缠所需的D值大小不同.对于XXZ模型,引入DM相互作用后,可以使原本不存在热纠缠的反铁磁自旋链产生纠缠,而且对于铁磁和反铁磁这两种XXZ自旋链,DM相互作用和各向异 关键词： 纠缠 XXX模型')" href="#">XXX模型 XXZ模型')" href="#">XXZ模型 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用     

A comprehensive molecular dynamics study of a single polystyrene chain in a good solvent

In this study, molecular characteristics of polystyrene (PS) was calculated measuring its dilute-solution properties in toluene at 288.15 K via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The solution models consisted of PS chains with different number of repeating units all of which were in a dilute regime. In order to investigate the compatibility between the polymer and the solvent molecules, interaction energy and Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter were estimated. The simulation results indicate that increasing the chain repeating units enhanced the interaction between the solute and the solvent. Additionally, the chain dimensions were evaluated calculating the radius of gyration (R_g) and end-to-end distance, r0. To determine the dynamic behavior of the chains in the solutions, mean square displacement (MSD) and diffusivity coefficient were calculated. The simulation results indicated that the chain rigidity at low molecular weight and chain flexibility with increasing the molecular weight influenced chains dynamic behavior and diffusivity. Moreover, radial distribution function (RDF) illustrated the effect of steric hindrance of the chains in dilute solution on capturing the solvent molecules. In addition, solution viscosity was calculated by performing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation (NEMD). The obtained results of chain characteristics and viscosity showed a good agreement with experimental results published previously. This agreement confirms the accuracy of the applied simulation method to characterize the dilute solutions and the chains characteristics.     

Structural Relaxation of Polystyrene Glasses with Dis‐interpenetrated Chains Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The polystyrene (PS) samples were prepared by freeze‐drying solutions with different concentrations. The structural relaxation behaviors and the chain conformation were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and nonradiative energy transfer, respectively. The results showed that PS prepared by freeze‐drying from very dilute solution was in a disinterpenetrated state, and the structural relaxation was faster than that for interpenetrated coils and the cross‐linked samples.     

几个酰胺/水(重水)二元体系中N-14弛豫的溶剂同位素效应

本文测定了己内酰胺7水(重水).二甲基乙酰胺/水(重水)和丙烯酰胺7/水(重水)体系中N-14在低浓度区域的弛豫时间,考察了四极弛豫的溶剂同位素效应,虽然所研究的酰胺分子大小不一,但在无限稀释的溶液中,仍然可以表明这些酰胺分子的运动完全受溶剂分子的控制。     

Quantum entanglement in a molecular magnet with itinerant electrons

We study the behaviors of pairwise and multipartite entanglement in a molecular magnet with itinerant electrons. In different ground states, the ratio of pairwise to multipartite entanglement is different. The monogamy of quantum entanglement is shown. Both charge correlation and spin correlation play important roles in the entanglement. The entanglements are generally suppressed by the on-site repulsion U and are mainly determined by spin correlation for large U and by charge correlation for small U. At finite temperature, in general, the thermal fluctuation suppresses the entanglements. However, in some cases, the multipartite entanglement can be enhanced by increasing temperature. Comparing the Heisenberg model with the Hubbard model, it is found that thermal entanglement in the itinerant electron system is more robust because charge correlation can survive at much higher temperature than spin correlation.