肺癌组织蛋白质混合物检测方法学研究

采用无胶筛分毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光法(NGS-CE-LIF)检测蛋白质,考察了分离条件对分离的影响,并对提取的肺癌组织蛋白质混合物进行分析,与毛细管电泳紫外检测(CE-UV)及常规蛋白质检测手段聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)进行比较.异硫氰酸酯(FITC)衍生蛋白质,筛分介质为0.05%(w/V) 聚环氧乙烷(PEO, Mr=300000),以TBE缓冲液 (pH 10.0)为电极缓冲液,分离电压为15 kV, 柱温15 ℃,氩离子激光器(λex＝488 nm, λem＝520 nm)检测.在此条件下可对6.5～200 kDa范围的蛋白质进行分离,分离效果较好,15 min内完成分离,理论塔板数(N)均值为9.12×104/m,检出限为0.28 mg/L.结果表明,本方法具有筛分介质浓度调节简便, 分离效果好, 时间短等优点,具有一定的实际应用价值;对提取肺癌组织蛋白质混合物进行检测,检测效率和效果优于CE-UV及PAGE.     

毛细管电泳法检测胃癌APC基因第十一外显子的杂合缺失

采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增了胃癌及癌旁正常组织中APC基因易发生杂合缺失的第十一外显子的部分碱基序列,扩增样品分别经96℃变性和Rsa Ⅰ酶切处理,以毛细管电泳(CE)-单链构象多态性(SSCP)、CE-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)-SSCP对其杂合缺失情况进行检测.PAGE凝胶...     

结直肠癌组织中K-ras基因突变的毛细管电泳检测

通过对PCR扩增的76例结直肠癌组织及癌旁正常组织DNA基因组共152个样本纯化变性后,采用毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测(CE-LIF)结合单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析方法检测了人结直肠癌组织及癌旁正常组织中K-ras基因第12/13位密码子突变。所检测的76例结直肠癌患者中有30例患者存在基因突变,并对异常片段进行测序验证,测序证实以碱基G→A点突变为主。结果表明所建立的CE-LIF技术结合SSCP分析检测K-ras基因突变的方法高效、快速、灵敏、准确,适合于临床上大样本结直肠癌中K-ras基因突变分析,对选择抗结直肠癌药物有一定的指导作用。     

毛细管电泳检测肺癌基因突变的方法学研究

建立了一种毛细管电泳快速高效检测聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增产物以及限制性内切酶酶切产物的方法,使其更好地用于基因诊断.以聚环氧乙烷(poly(ethylene oxide),PEO)为筛分介质,用涂层的毛细管柱(37 cm×75 μm,有效长度27 cm)分离pUC19 DNA/MspⅠ(HpaⅡ) Marker标准DNA片段.考察了筛分介质的质量浓度、pH值、毛细管柱的温度和运行电压.在1×TBE (pH 8.2)电泳液、电压15 kV、温度15 ℃,于10 min内成功分离了Marker标准DNA片段.该方法快速、灵敏、准确,用于临床76例肺癌患者正常组织和肿瘤组织p53基因和ras基因点突变情况的检测,结果满意.     

毛细管电泳法检测肺癌p53基因第七外显子的突变

p53基因点突变在肺癌的发生过程中起重要作用,检测基因点突变的方法学研究将有助于临床准确诊断肺癌.本实验用PCR扩增包含249位密码子的肺癌及癌旁正常组织p53基因第七外显子,扩增样品分别经96 ℃变性和HaeⅢ酶切处理,以CE-SSCP、CE-RFLP、PAGE-SSCP和PAGE-RFLP对其突变情况进行检测,并从上样量、时间、检出限和检出率4个方面进行比较.PAGE凝胶浓度为15%;CE筛分介质PEO浓度3.0%,pH 8.2,电压15 kV,温度15 ℃,λex=488 nm,λem=520 nm荧光检测.检出率由高到低分别为:CE-SSCP>PAGE-SSCP>CE-RFLP>PAGE-RFLP.CE-SSCP可作为大规模肺癌早期诊断的简便可靠的方法.     

用液相等电聚焦电泳纯化藻蓝蛋白亚基

以纯藻蓝蛋白(C-phycocyanin, C-PC)为材料, 采用Rotofor系统进行液相等电聚焦(Liquid-phase isoeletric focusing, LP-IEF)电泳纯化C-PC的α, β亚基, 探讨蛋白质亚基纯化的制备电泳(Preparative eletrophoresis)技术. 结果显示, 样品经2次等电聚焦电泳后, C-PC 的α, β亚基分别浓集在pH=4.9和pH=4.1附近, 平板超薄等电聚焦(Slab ultra thin IEF)和SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定表明分别为高纯度的C-PC α, β亚基. 提示LP-IEF是分离纯化等电点差异蛋白质活性亚基的简便有效的方法.     

毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测法分析胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织蛋白质的差异性

胃癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来寻找肿瘤相关特异蛋白质是蛋白质组学研究的热点。本文通过考察毛细管动态涂层方法、筛分介质聚环氧乙烷(PEO)的浓度、缓冲液的pH值、分离电压、温度及荧光染料对分离效果的影响,建立了毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光法分离胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织蛋白质的方法;通过分离检测,获得两者的蛋白质指纹图谱。经分析,两者的指纹图谱相似度达到0.8以上,差异蛋白质分子质量集中在50000~100000 Da之间,提示某些小分子蛋白质可能是和肿瘤发生相关的特异蛋白质,从而缩小了特异性分子标记物的筛选范围。病理组织学分型及蛋白质电泳峰数目的统计结果验证了该方法的可靠性。该方法具有临床应用的潜力。     

以Au/Cu纳米棒为基底的肺腺癌组织的特征表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过金铜共混法制备了Au/Cu合金纳米棒,研究了铜掺杂对金纳米棒等离子体共振吸收和结构的影响,探究了Au/Cu合金纳米棒的等离子体共振拉曼增强效应.以Au/Cu合金纳米棒为基底对肺腺癌组织和癌旁正常组织进行了表面增强拉曼光谱检测.结果显示,癌变组织具有比癌旁正常组织更强的拉曼信号峰,位于1250,1344,1408,1568,1608和2560 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰分别与蛋白质的AmideⅡ氨基化合物、C—H弯曲振动、核酸中CH_3的对称变角振动、蛋白质色氨酸惰性环振动、蛋白质酰胺I谱带分子间反平行β-折叠的C—O健伸缩振动和蛋白质的巯基(S—H)伸缩振动有关,2936 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰为蛋白质CH_2的对称伸缩振动和CH_3的反对称伸缩振动共同作用产生.以铜掺杂的金纳米棒为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱法有望成为检测肺癌组织的有效手段.     

毛细管电泳法检测癌基因C-myc胃癌中基因点突变

癌基因C-myc激活和突变在胃癌形成过程中起着重要作用。通过毛细管电泳(CE)方法检测50例胃癌患者中C-myc基因突变,建立一种准确、快速诊断早期胃癌的方法。本实验采用PCR扩增胃癌及癌旁正常组织中C-myc基因第二外显子易发突变的部位基因序列,扩增样品分别经96℃变性和EcoRⅤ酶切处理,以PAGE-SSCP,CE-SSCP,CE-RFLP分别对其突变情况进行检测。优化的CE检测条件:筛分介质PEO浓度3.0%,pH 8.2,电压15 kV,温度15℃;荧光检测:λex=488 nm,λem=520 nm。检测结果:C-myc基因总突变率为20.0%(10/50)。测序分析结果显示C-myc基因第二外显子第53密码子存在点突变,碱基A变为碱基T(GAT→GTT),碱基的改变使氨基酸由亮氨酸替代为谷氨酰胺。本研究数据证实C-myc基因突变与胃癌的形成紧密相关,CE检测C-myc突变基因可作为胃癌早期诊断的简便可靠的方法。     

限制性内切酶指纹-高效毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光法测定原核/真核质粒

采用线性聚丙烯酰胺修饰石英毛细管的高效毛细管电泳无胶筛分技术,对原核/真核质粒用不同限制性内切酶酶切,运用限制性内切酶指纹-高效毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光(REF-HPCE-LIF)检测法同时对内切酶酶切后多个和较长DNA片段进行了检测,电泳缓冲液为1×TBE(pH8.3),阴极电压进样(10kV,5s),分离电压13kV,25℃,激光诱导荧光检测器检测(λex=520nm)。结果表明,所建立的REF-HPCE-LIF方法可对原核/真核酶切后多个和较长DNA片段进行检测,获得了满意的限制性内切酶指纹图谱,能够检测片段大小相差不超过10bp。所建立的方法较琼脂糖电泳分辨率高,可应用在检测多个和较长DNA片段的突变,在诊断肿瘤方面有一定应用前景。     

Detection of glutathione reductase after electrophoresis on native or sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels

Commercial glutathione reductase (GR) from spinach and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were stained on 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels or 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE gels with or without further purification by a 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity column. For SDS-PAGE gels, the SDS was removed first by washing twice with 25% isopropanol in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) for 10 min. The gel was then dipped in a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9) containing 4.0 mM oxidized glutathione (GSSG), 1.5 mM NADPH, and 2 mM 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) for 20 min. The GR activity was negatively stained in the dark by a solution containing 1.2 mM 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 1.6 mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS) for 5-10 min. The contrast between the clear zone of GR activity and the purple background was found in both native and SDS-PAGE gels. This negative staining method can detect GR as little as 0.064 units and 0.0032 units, respectively, for spinach and yeast sources. Under reduced SDS-PAGE gels, the GR activity band located on 72 kDa for spinach and 51 kDa for yeast. This fast and sensitive method could be used during enzyme purification and for characterization of GR from different sources under different physiological stages or conditions.     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳直接化学发光成像法分离和检测血液红细胞中的HbA0,HbA1,HbA2和HbF

建立了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳直接化学发光成像分离和检测蛋白质的新方法．应用本方法分离和检测了新生儿脐带血和正常成年人血液红细胞中的不同血红蛋白HbA0,HbA1,HbA2和HbF,并与传统的考马斯亮兰染色法进行了比较,结果表明,本方法灵敏度高、背景低,步骤简单、快速,可以在10min内得到检测结果．此外,我们还以血红蛋白作为探针,检测了人血清蛋白,研究了人血清白蛋白对血红蛋白电泳结果的影响,并优化了发光成像的各种条件．     

高效毛细管线性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳柱的制备、柱性能表征及操作条件考察

发展一种简便快速的线性聚丙烯酰胺毛细管凝胶电泳（ＣＧＥ）柱的新型制备方法，用于分离Ｐｏｌｙ ｄＡ（４０～６０）和双链ＤＮＡ，柱效达 ６百万理论板／米。提出“筛分能力”作为 ＣＧＥ柱评价指标，对样品迁移行为随操作条件的变化规律进行考察，为毛细管凝胶电泳的理论研究和实验条件优化奠定了基础。     

A rapid method for fractionation and purification of a 92 kDa cartilage glycoprotein

Matrix glycoproteins are among the main components that contribute to the properties of cartilage. In this article we report on the development of a rapid method for the fractionation and purification of a 92 kDa glycoprotein from chick sternal cartilage. The developed procedure involves ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, gel permeation chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and semi-preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Identification of protein was performed by western blotting using specific antibodies and purity by capillary electrophoresis. The proposed method is superior to those previously published since it eliminates the step of density gradient centrifugation.     

Determination of the Molecular Weight of Extracellular Ribonuclease Isoenzymes from Aspergillus Niger in Crude Extracts by Thin Layer Gel Filtration and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract

The extracellular ribonucleases from Asperqillus niger culture medium were fractionated according to their molecular weight by thin layer gel filtration through Sephadex G100 superfine and the enzyme activity was detected by a standard staining technique on a replica print paper. Another replica paper was laid onto the top of a polyacrylamide gel and the absorbed proteins were separated by electrophoresis. By comparing the electrophoretic pattern with that of a control not subjected to gel filtration, the molecular weight of each isoenzyme in the crude extract could be determined. Gel electrophoresis however, is only used to establish the correspondence between the original electrophoretic pattern of the isoenzymes in the crude preparation and that detected on the replica print paper taken after the thin layer gel filtration run. There was good agreement between the values obtained for the crude and purified enzymes.     

Acid-labile surfactant improves in-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel protein digestion for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric peptide mapping

Mass spectrometry (MS) together with genome database searches serves as a powerful tool for the identification of proteins. In proteome analysis, mixtures of cellular proteins are usually separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) or one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE), and in-gel digested by a specific protease. In-gel protein digestion is one of the critical steps for sensitive protein identification by these procedures. Efficient protein digestion is required for obtaining peptide peaks necessary for protein identification by MS. This paper reports a remarkable improvement of protein digestion in SDS polyacrylamide gels using an acid-labile surfactant, sodium 3-[(2-methyl-2-undecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate (ALS). Pretreatment of gel pieces containing protein spots separated by 2-DE with a small amount of ALS prior to trypsin digestion led to increases in the digested peptides eluted from the gels. Consistently, treatment of gel pieces containing silver-stained standard proteins and those separated from tissue extracts resulted in the detection of increased numbers of peptide peaks in spectra obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Hence the present protocol with ALS provides a useful strategy for sensitive protein identification by MS.     

毛细管凝胶电泳柱技术的新进展*

全面介绍了当前毛细管凝胶电泳(CGE) 柱制备的几种技术, 初步归纳了影响凝胶柱稳定性的可能因素, 并对毛细管凝胶电泳柱技术的几个发展方向进行了概述。共引用文献33 篇。     

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of membrane proteins: A current challenge for immobilized pH gradients

Membrane proteins were separated by high resolution two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis. On isoelectric focusing (IEF) with immobilized pH gradients severe protein losses in the resulting 2-D map were observed when compared with carrier ampholyte-based IEF. This has been noticed for two different biological systems, namely the chloroplast envelope of spinach and the endocytic vesicles from Dictyostelium discoideum. The possible mechanisms of these losses on immobilized pH gradients are discussed.     

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Insulin

Abstract

Four kinds of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were applied to insulin and peroxynitrite‐treated insulin. The Native‐PAGE had a better resolution than sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐PAGE, SDS‐urea‐PAGE, and even Tricine‐SDS‐PAGE. Reduction and nonreduction of insulin and peroxynitrite‐treated insulin in Native‐PAGE showed that four tyrosine residues in insulin molecular could be nitrated by peroxynitrite and that alkylation with iodoacetamide was better than no alkylation and alkylation with iodoacetic acid, which would introduce negative charges to the peptides. The method of Native‐PAGE was suitable to analysis of insulin and its analogs, even other peptides of low molecular weight.