海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-粉末活性炭生物微胶囊的传递性能研究

测定不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液透过海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-粉末活性炭(SA-CA-PAC)生物微胶囊的性能,确定了SA-CA-PAC膜的截留分子量在PEG4000以下。研究了葡萄糖、乳糖、氨基酸等小分子的物质在SA-CA-PAC微胶囊中的扩散性能,用数学模型计算出了这些物质在微胶囊的混合扩散系数Dm以及相应的微胶囊膜层中扩散系数D1,结果表明小分子量的物质具有较好的扩散性能,且Dl<相似文献   

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊膜强度的研究

以乳化/内部凝胶化法制备了海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊,重点考察了成膜反应过程中影响微胶囊膜强度的几个主要参数,实验发现,壳聚糖分子量低于100000,成膜反应时间高于15min,壳聚糖溶液pH值在6.0左右时制备的微胶囊膜强度较高.初步探讨了海藻酸钠与壳聚糖两种高分子发生聚电解质络合反应的机制.     

响应面法优化盐肤木中漆黄素提取工艺的研究

研究盐肤木中漆黄素的最佳提取工艺。采用单因素试验基础,以湖南产盐肤木中漆黄素得率为评价指标,通过响应面分析法确定盐肤木中漆黄素最佳提取工艺和条件。盐肤木中漆黄素最佳提取工艺:水浴时间80 min、料液比1∶30、溶剂35%乙醇水溶液、pH值9.5、水浴温度87℃,盐肤木中漆黄素理论预测得率为0.18%,实际得率为0.19%。优化出的盐肤木中提取漆黄素的最佳工艺可行。     

头孢唑啉钠-海藻酸钠微胶囊的制备及抗菌作用

微乳-单凝聚法;微胶囊;海藻酸钠;缓释剂;头孢唑啉钠     

壳聚糖溶液pH对载细胞海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊性能的影响

以激光共聚焦扫描显微镜为研究手段, 原位直观地考察了在不同pH条件下聚电解质膜的络合程度和蛋白扩散情况. 通过分析pH值对微胶囊膜性能的影响规律, 并结合不同种类细胞对环境pH的敏感特性, 确定了制备细胞培养用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊的最佳pH值. 结果表明, 当壳聚糖溶液的pH值由3.50增加到6.50, 微胶囊膜的络合深度呈现高-低-高的趋势, 而微胶囊膜的膨胀性能呈现低-高-低的趋势, 模型蛋白通过微囊膜的扩散呈现低-高-低的趋势, 拐点均出现在pH=4.00和5.50处. 结合动物细胞及微生物细胞对环境pH耐受能力的考察, 确定制备微囊化动物细胞时, 微胶囊成膜反应溶液的最佳pH值为5.50; 制备微囊化大肠杆菌时, 反应溶液的最佳pH值为5.00; 制备微囊化酵母菌时, 反应溶液的最佳pH值为4.50.     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化荞麦秸秆中纤维素提取工艺

为了优化荞麦秸秆中纤维素提取工艺,本研究以纤维素含量为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法,考察氢氧化钠浓度、温度和时间对纤维素含量的影响。最佳纤维素提取工艺条件为：氢氧化钠浓度为4.20 g/mL、温度为77.31℃、时间为78.45 min。在此条件下纤维素提取率平均值为69.35%,与预测值相对误差为0.72%。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和XRD等测试手段对荞麦秸秆和粗纤维素结构进行表征。研究结果表明该工艺准确可靠,且为荞麦秸秆的广泛应用奠定了理论基础。     

改性胺微胶囊固化剂制备工艺的优化与性能

以改性胺1618固化剂为囊芯、脲醛树脂为壁材单体,采用界面聚合技术,成功制备了一种新型聚脲改性胺微胶囊固化剂。通过正交设计试验,考察了芯壁质量比、乳化剂种类和质量分数及搅拌速率对微胶囊包覆率、粒径大小及分布情况的影响,并确定了最佳制备工艺条件。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜对微胶囊粒径大小、分布情况及表面形貌进行表征,采用热重分析仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱对其化学结构进行表征,通过拉伸试验对自修复材料的断裂力学性能进行研究。结果表明,该微胶囊含有固化剂芯材,其热稳定温度为198°C,当芯壁质量比为0.7∶1、乳化剂为阿拉伯胶、乳化剂质量分数为1.5%、搅拌速率为800r/min时,所制备的微胶囊包覆率达到79.8%,平均粒径为207.5nm,呈规则的球形,分散性及表面致密性好。当基体材料中加入质量分数为1%的微胶囊后,拉伸强度提高64%,弹性模量提高287%。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊作为肠道内生化微反应器的研究

基因工程技术的发展使蛋白、多肽类高值生化药物的大规模生产得以实现并用于临床^[1].但目前存在产物分离、纯化工艺复杂、成本高等问题.因此,研制一种无需分离纯化、低成本的肠道内生化微反应器作为基因工程药物释放系统具有实际应用意义(例如将基因工程微生物包埋在具有半透性高分子膜的微胶囊中,口服后微囊化活细胞在肠道内生长并分泌有治疗作用的基因工程药物而达到治疗目的^[2]).本文以酵母菌Pichia pastoris GS115为模型菌株,以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖(A lginate-chitosan,AC)微胶囊为载体,考察了AC微囊化酵母菌在模拟胃肠液中的形态、膨胀性能、酵母菌存活率及小鼠口服后肠道黏膜粘附性能,初步证明AC微囊化基因工程酵母菌作为肠道生化微反应器是可行的.     

原位聚合法制备鱼藤酮微胶囊

原位聚合法制备;鱼藤酮微胶囊;鱼藤酮;原位聚合法;微胶囊;三聚氰胺甲醛树脂     

蛋氨酸硒络合反应条件的响应曲面法优化

以蛋氨酸和亚硒酸钠为原料合成了蛋氨酸硒;采用基于3因素5水平的中心组合设计实验的响应曲面法,分析了温度(30℃~80℃)、酸度(pH 4~9)、时间以及它们之间的交互作用对蛋氨酸硒产率的影响,确定了合成蛋氨酸硒的最佳工艺条件.通过典型分析确定优化的络合反应条件为:温度50℃,pH 6.93,时间90 min;相应的蛋氨酸硒的产率为51.58%.相关研究结果表明,采用响应曲面法优化确定的蛋氨酸硒合成工艺合理有效、切实可行.     

Optimization of Crucial Reaction Conditions for the Production of Nicotinamide by Nitrile Hydratase Using Response Surface Methodology

The reaction conditions for the nicotinamide production by Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526 have been optimized by statistical experimental design. Application of this approach in the bioprocess can result in rallied product yield, reduced development time, and process variability. In this investigation, response surface methodology and central composite design were employed to predict the levels of variables such as reaction pH (6.5, 7, and 7.5), temperature (15, 20, and 25 degrees C), cell concentration (190, 200, and 210 mg/ml), and substrate concentration (18, 20, and 22 mM) on the production of nicotinamide. A total of 22 experiments were carried out in shake flasks, and a three-dimensional response surface was generated to determine the effect of crucial reaction parameters for the maximum conversion of 3-cynopyridine to nicotinamide. Using this methodology, the optimal values for the reaction conditions were reaction pH 6.85, temperature of 24.8 degrees C, cell concentration of 190.98 mg/ml, and substrate concentration of 21.98 mM. This statistical approach led to the increase of conversion of 3-cynopyridine (93%) as compared to the conversion obtained by one-factor-at-a-time approach (84%).     

响应面法优化黄芪多糖的提取工艺研究

为优化对黄芪多糖提取工艺.根据单因素实验结果,选取实验因素与水平,根据Box - Benhnken的试验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,以获得多元二次线性回归方程,以多糖得率为响应值的响应面和等高线.结果表明,提取黄芪多糖最佳工艺条件:料水比1:13,提取温度94 ℃,提取时间64 min.在此条件下,黄芪多...     

Optimization of Electrocoagulation Process to Eliminate CODMn in Micro-Polluted Surface Water Using Response Surface Method

To treat micro-polluted surface water with a better electrocoagulation (EC) process, a response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters. First, the main factor that affected the COD_Mn removal efficiency in the EC process was determined in single-factor experiments. Then, a quadratic regression model was generated using a RSM. The refined EC operating conditions were a current density of 1.57 mA · cm^?2, an initial pH of 7.5, and an operation time of 32 minutes, which maximized the COD_Mn removal efficiency at 60.56%. Finally, the results of a verification test results corresponded with the calculated values, which indicated that the regression model was accurate and reliable.     

响应面法优化烟草中有机氯农药残留的加速溶剂萃取

采用响应面法(RSM)优化了烟草中有机氯农药残留的加速溶剂萃取(ASE)条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱法进行定性定量分析.以有机氯农药平均回收率为指标,考察了加速溶剂萃取过程中提取溶剂、萃取温度、冲洗溶剂体积、循环次数和吹扫时间等因素对烟草中有机氯提取效果的影响.经响应面优化的最佳ASE条件为:提取溶剂为正己烷-丙酮(体积比9:1),萃取温度107 ℃,冲洗体积92%,吹扫时间92 s,循环次数3次.在优化条件下,烟草有机氯农药萃取回收率理论预测值为96.5%,验证值为94.9%.结果表明,响应面法适用于烟草中有机氯农药残留加速溶剂萃取条件的优化,经优化得到的萃取参数准确可靠,具有实用价值.     

熔盐法制备结晶二氧化硅粉体

以硅酸四乙酯为原料,氯化钠和氯化钾为助熔剂和催化剂,采用熔盐辅助法制备了系列结晶二氧化硅粉体,其结构经XRD和SEM表征。研究了工艺参数对其性能的影响。结果表明:反应温度和熔盐组成对其结晶性和微观形貌具有显著影响。     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Michael Addition Reaction Catalyzed by L-Proline in Ionic Liquid Medium Using Response Surface Methodology

Michael addition reactions of aldehyde to β-nitrostyrene catalyzed by L-proline were investigated by using controlled, monomode microwave-assisted technique in a closed vessel system. Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim]NTf₂) was used as the reaction medium to replace the commonly used volatile organic solvents and as a good absorbing solvent during Michael reaction under the influence of microwave irradiation. The Michael product is clean and generates good yields in short reaction times with moderate results on enantioselectivity (ee). In this work, optimization of proline-catalyzed Michael reaction was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-factor-three-level central composite design (CCD). Various reaction parameters including catalyst loading (5–30 mol%), reaction time (5–40 min), and substrate (2–5 equivalent ratio) were investigated. A high Michael yield (96.5%) with 36.9 ee% was obtained at the optimum conditions of 10.0 mol% catalyst loading, 5.0 min reaction time, and 2.0 substrate equivalent ratio.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in water

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was developed for preconcentration and determination of some nitroaromatic compounds in wastewater samples. The effects of different variables on the extraction efficiency were studied simultaneously using experimental design. The variables of interest in the DLLME process were extraction and disperser solvent volumes, salt effect, sample volume, extraction temperature and extraction time. A Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening of variables in order to determine the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) and the response surface equations were derived. The optimum experimental conditions found from this statistical evaluation included: sample volume, 9 mL; extraction solvent (CCl₄) volume, 20 μL; disperser solvent (methanol) volume, 0.75 mL; sodium chloride concentration, 3% (w/v); extraction temperature, 20 °C and extraction time, 2 min. Under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factors were between 202 and 314. Limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.09 μg L⁻¹ (for 2-nitrotoluene) to 0.5 μg L⁻¹ (for 2,4-dinitrotoluene). Linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) of 0.5-300 and 1-400 μg L⁻¹ were obtained for mononitrotoluenes (MNTs) and dinitrotoluenes (DNTs), respectively. Performance of the present method was evaluated for extraction and determination of nitroaromatic compounds in wastewater samples in the range of microgram per liter and satisfactory results were obtained (RSDs < 10.1%).     

化学镀镍法制备碳纳米管

以PdCl2为活化液,用化学镀镍法制备了具有活性中心的镀镍硅模板,通过催化裂解在镀镍硅模板上制备了碳纳米管。讨论了化学镀工艺参数对镀镍硅模板表面活性中心的尺寸和分布的影响。最佳的工艺条件为:在0.17mol·L-1的SnCl2中敏化10min,0.4g·L-1PdCl2中活化2min,50℃施镀3min所得的镍粒子活性中心的粒径为200nm~300nm。用扫描电镜观察到碳纳米管为竹节形状,直径为100nm~110nm。     

Optimization of Walnut Oil Nanoemulsions Prepared Using Ultrasonic Emulsification: A Response Surface Method

Response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD) was applied to determine effects of ultrasonic time (UT, 5–15 minutes), walnut oil (WO, 4–10% w/w) content, and concentration ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 (K ₀, 0.55–0.80), on the some physicochemical characteristics of WO/water nanoemulsion including average particle size, Span and loss of antioxidant activity (LAA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that second-order polynomial models with high R ² (0.944–0.983) were well adjusted to predict response variables. The linear effect of UT was found to be most significant in all response surface models. The optimal conditions were: UT of 5.0 minutes, WO content of 7.35% w/w, and K ₀ of 0.8. Under these conditions, the average particle size, Span, and LAA were 356.08 nm, 0.548%, and 10.96. The adequacy of the models was confirmed by production this nanoemulsion under optimum values given by the model.