均匀共沉淀法制备钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳结构粒子

用均匀共沉淀法制备了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子, 研究了沉淀反应温度、尿素/金属离子摩尔比值(R)和BaTiO₃浓度对核-壳粒子形貌和结构的影响, 探讨了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子在焙烧时的形成过程及其磁性能. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析仪对钛酸钡-钡铁氧体前驱物核-壳粒子及钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子的形貌和结构进行了表征, 采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子的磁性能. 结果表明: 当沉淀反应温度为100 °C, R为180, BaTiO₃浓度为2.5 g·L^-1时, 金属离子沉淀完全, 得到的钛酸钡-钡铁氧体前驱物核-壳粒子包覆层均匀、完整、光滑, 厚度约为10 nm. 过高的温度和R值都会导致大量独立颗粒杂质的生成; 随着BaTiO₃浓度的增大, 包覆层厚度有减小的趋势. 当焙烧温度为900 °C时, 壳层中开始形成BaFe₁₂O₁₉相, 其形成过程为晶态的α-Fe₂O₃和BaCO₃首先生成中间相BaFe₂O₄, 然后由BaFe₂O₄和α-Fe₂O₃反应得到最终的BaFe₁₂O₁₉. 当焙烧温度为1000 °C时, 壳层完全转化为BaFe₁₂O₁₉相. 随着焙烧温度从900 °C升高到1000 °C, 所得BaTiO₃-BaFe₁₂O₁₉核-壳粒子的饱和磁化强度从16.5 A·m²·kg^-1增加到39.5 A·m²·kg^-1, 矫顽力从340 kA·m^-1略微降低到316 kA·m^-1.     

室温研磨固相反应法制备γ-Fe2O3纳米粉体及其气敏性能研究

本文首次以硝酸铁Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O、氢氧化钠NaOH和聚乙二醇(PEG-200)为反应物，采用室温研磨固相反应法合成了γ-Fe₂O₃纳米粉体，并用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和气敏元件测试系统对产物的结构、表观形貌及气敏性能进行表征。结果表明，FeOOH在300~500 ℃热处理1 h均为γ-Fe₂O₃晶相，粒径为4~10 nm；600 ℃热处理1 h后转化为α-Fe₂O₃晶相。300 ℃焙烧后获得的γ-Fe₂O₃纳米粉体制成的气敏元件对乙醇有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性。另外，以FeCl₃为铁源时仅能得到纯α-Fe₂O₃纳米粉体，表明不同的铁源和PEG碳链的长短对产物的形成具有至关重要的影响。     

自组装α-Fe2O3亚微米球的制备及其光催化性质

在乙二醇体系中, 通过简单的二步方法成功合成了α-Fe₂O₃亚微米球。第一步,以Fe(NO)₃和C₆H₁₂N₄为主要反应物160 ℃溶剂热反应8h制备出前驱体;第二步,煅烧前驱体成功合成了斜方相的α-Fe₂O₃产物。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),红外吸收光谱(FTIR),能谱分析(EDS)和热重分析(TGA)等手段对产物进行了表征。在300 W紫外灯(主波长为365 nm)照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究不同光催化剂对甲基橙溶液降解效果。由于制备产物的形貌和粒径影响其比表面积和对反应物的吸附能力以及带隙能,使得制备产物具有良好的光催化性能。结果表明,α-Fe₂O₃亚微米球在紫外光照射条件下对甲基橙溶液有光降解作用。     

纳米BaFe12O19永磁铁氧体的制备、结构和磁性的研究

In this paper, the nanometer permanent magnetic BaFe₁₂O₁₉ powder was synthesized by a novel method of independent nucleation and crystallization steps and subsequent heat treatment,during the synthesis, Ba(NO₃)₂, Fe(NO₃)₂ and NH₄HCO₃·NH₂COONH₄ were used as starting materials. The effect of crystallization process and heat treatment conditions on the particle size, microstructure and magnetic properties of powder was studied by using XRD, TEM and vibration sample magnetometometer techniques.XRD results showed that the hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, was the main phase in the powder at heat treatment temperatures below 650℃ and its amount in the powder was decreased with increasing temperature and small amount of α-Fe₂O₃ was still remained after being heated at 900℃ for 8hrs. BaFe₁₂O₁₉ was formed about 650℃ and its amount increased in the powder as temperature raised and the higher temperature was needed to attain considerable amount of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and ideal nanometer BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particle in the powder. The temperature between 40℃～60℃ in the crystallization process was favor to the formation of good BaFe₁₂O₁₉ crystal and to the good magnetic properties of the powder. TEM showed that the particle size in the powder increased with the enhancement of the temperature and the powder crystallized at 40℃ and heated at 800℃ for 8hrs afterwards had a very homogenous particle size distribution, and that the powder heated at 900℃ for 8hrs with the same crystalline condition as the former had a typical hexagonal shape and a chain aggregation. Specific saturation and residential magnetizations and coercive force of the powder increased mono-tonically with the increase of temperature, and reached 39.86A·m²·kg^-1, 23.96A·m²·kg^-1, 480kA·mg^-1 at 900℃, respectively.     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的配位聚合物固相热解制备及其储锂性能

以1,4-苯二甲酸为配体,FeCl₃为金属盐,采用溶剂热法合成了苯二甲酸-铁配位聚合物晶体。以其为前驱体,通过固相热解制备了尺寸均一的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM及TEM等手段对配位聚合物及其热解产物进行了表征。将α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明:在0.1A·g^-1电流密度下充放电50次后,材料的可逆比容量仍保持在530mAh·g^-1,表现出较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性。     

不同方法掺杂Au对纳米α-Fe2O3气敏性能的影响

分别采用共沉淀法、浸渍法、紫外辐照法制备了掺杂不同Au含量的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粉体, 并制作了旁热式厚膜型气敏元件. 用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM技术对纳米晶的晶型、晶粒大小及形貌进行了表征. 考察了掺杂方法、Au含量及焙烧温度对α-Fe₂O₃气敏性能的影响. 结果表明, 采用三种方法掺杂适量Au后, 都使α-Fe₂O₃的气敏性有了显著提高, 其中采用共沉淀法, 在400 ℃焙烧的Au质量分数为1.5％的α-Fe₂O₃的气敏性最佳.     

回流水热合成均分散纳米α-Fe2O3单晶粒子

系统地研究了以Fe(NO₃)₃为原料，回流水热合成均分散α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。实验结果显示:当pH=1时，随着水热时间的增加，由透射电镜测试可知，多孔性纺锤形α-Fe₂O₃单晶转变成粒径在45 nm左右的均分散菱形单晶;而Fe(NO₃)₃用氨水中和形成Fe(OH)₃凝胶后，随着初始pH值的增加，完全转变成α-Fe₂O₃所需的时间增加、粒径减小，但产物的结构更为完整。另外通过实验发现，反应体系中存在的电解质对α-Fe₂O₃晶体的生成有促进作用。同时对初始pH值及电解质对α-Fe₂O₃生成速率的影响机理进行了分析。     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的配位聚合物固相热解制备及其储锂性能

以1,4-苯二甲酸为配体,FeCl3为金属盐,采用溶剂热法合成了苯二甲酸-铁配位聚合物晶体.以其为前驱体,通过固相热解制备了尺寸均一的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM及TEM等手段对配位聚合物及其热解产物进行了表征.将α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明:在0.1 A·g^-1电流密度下充放电50次后,材料的可逆比容量仍保持在530 mAh·g^-1,表现出较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性.     

无机矿化剂辅助水热合成高长径比的α-Fe2O3多孔纳米线

本文以K₂SO₄为矿化剂,在100 ℃低温水热条件下,制备出大量形貌均一、高分散的直径约40 nm、长度为2~3 μm的α-FeOOH纳米线。该纳米线在300 ℃煅烧2 h后,得到一维形貌保持良好且表面具有多孔结构、长径比可达20的α-Fe₂O₃纳米线。通过XRD、FTIR、TG-DSC、HRTEM、SAED以及N₂物理吸附技术对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。研究发现,无机盐对一维纳米线形貌的控制至关重要,还详细讨论了K₂SO₄在α-FeOOH纳米线的成核和生长过程中所起的作用。     

弱磁场下低温中和法制备亚微米非晶态δ-FeOOH的研究

利用XRD和SEM分别对在弱磁场下通过低温中和法制备的羟基铁氧化物进行相成分和颗粒形貌分析. 试验结果表明: 无磁场下, 产物是由部分球形和部分针状的α-FeOOH组成. 0.1 T磁场下, 产物是纺锤形的γ-FeOOH, 但是, 其粒度分布很不均匀. 0.3 T磁场下, 产物是球形的Fe_1.833(OH)_0.5O_0.25. 0.5 T磁场下, 产物是100 nm左右的球形的非晶态δ-FeOOH. Fe_1.833(OH)_0.5O_0.25是无磁场下制备的α-FeOOH向弱磁场下制备的δ-FeOOH转变的中间产物. 并且, 亚微米球形Fe_1.833(OH)_0.5O_0.25和亚微米非晶态球形δ-FeOOH的粒度分布都很均匀. 此外, 弱磁场影响羟基铁氧化物的结晶度.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.