金钱草不同部位多元化学成分的分析与评价

基于超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UHPLC-Triple Quad-MS/MS)建立了同时测定金钱草中黄酮类、有机酸类、核苷酸类及氨基酸类等多元化学成分含量的方法,并结合多元统计分析对金钱草不同部位(茎、叶、花及果实)的化学成分进行分析与评价。采用Agilent Extend-C₁₈(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸(A)和甲醇(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.30 mL/min,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。根据40种目标成分的含量,采用聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)和灰色关联度分析(GRA)对金钱草不同部位进行综合评价。结果显示,40种成分的色谱峰分离度良好,在相应的质量浓度范围内,标准曲线的相关系数(r2)均不低于0.999 2,检出限(LOD)为0.21～19.76 ng/mL,定量下限(LOQ)为0.71～65.88 ng/mL,平均加标回收率为99.1%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于2.9%。金钱草不同...     

超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱法同时测定连翘药材中的多元活性成分

建立了基于超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定连翘药材中苯乙醇苷类、木脂素类、黄酮类及酚酸类共21种活性成分含量的方法。采用响应面法(RSM)优化连翘药材的提取条件;以XBridge?C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱分离,水(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进行多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:甲醇体积分数72%,液料比38∶1 mL/g,提取时间60 min。21种目标成分在一定质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 0;检出限和定量下限分别为0.001～233.710 ng/mL和0.002～771.250 ng/mL;精密度、重复性和稳定性良好;平均加标回收率为98.6%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.89%～3.8%。该方法准确、可靠,可为连翘药材内在质量的综合评价和全面控制提供参考。     

基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS的淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积的分析与评价

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆线性离子阱串联质谱（UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS）同时测定淫羊藿中黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共50种活性成分的分析方法,并对其多元活性成分的动态累积进行分析与评价。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以水（含0.2%甲酸）-乙腈为流动相梯度分离,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃。质谱配备电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用多反应监测模式（MRM）进行测定;采用单因素实验及响应面法优化样品制备条件,灰色关联度分析（GRA）对不同采收期淫羊藿样品进行分析与评价。结果显示,50种目标成分在一定范围内线性关系良好（r2≥0.999 0）,精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为94.5%～107%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5.0%。淫羊藿中多元活性成分累积量在7月中旬出现峰值,不同类别成分累积规律具有一定差异性。6月下旬至7月下旬所采收的淫羊藿药材综合质量较好,与当地传统采收期基本吻合。该研究所构建的方法准确、可靠,可为探究淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积规律及确定...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类兽药残留

建立蜂蜜样品中硝基咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类共36种兽药残留的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用H3PO4溶液(体积分数0.1%)溶解后,过滤,用Oasis HLB和PSA固相萃取柱净化,外标法定量。测定时用Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,乙腈-甲醇-甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多反应监测(MRM)模式。36种兽药的检出限在0.4～4.0 ng/mL,回收率在63.2%～125.5%,相对标准偏差均低于22%。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定7类化妆品中4-氨基联苯

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测化妆品中4-氨基联苯的方法。化妆品样品经溶剂超声提取、净化(液液萃取或固相萃取),氮气吹至近干并定容后,通过高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱仪检测。分离柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm);流动相为0.3%甲酸水溶液-乙腈;流速0.5 mL·min-1。7种不同基质样品中4-氨基联苯的检测限均小于1.0ng·g-1。7种不同基质样品中4-氨基联苯的回收率为85.3%～111.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.93%～4.11%(n=3),在2.5ng·mL-1～250ng·mL-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r2均大于0.999。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定药用丁基橡胶塞中18种多环芳烃的含量

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定药用丁基橡胶塞中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)。用正己烷-丙酮(体积比1∶1)对样品进行超声极限浸提,浸提液经固相萃取柱净化后,用DB-EUPAH柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,质谱以选择离子监测(SIM)模式检测,内标法定量。对浸提溶剂、浸提比例和极限浸提进行考察后,在优化条件下,PAHs的峰面积与质量浓度在低浓度范围1～10 ng/mL和高浓度范围10～200 ng/mL均呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r均大于0.9992。方法检出限(LOD)为0.2～10 ng/g,定量限(LOQ)为1～10 ng/g。在1、10和100 ng/g加标水平下的平均回收率为76.63%～113.93%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为0.11%～6.86%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于药用丁基橡胶塞中18种PAHs含量的同时测定。     

鸡血藤韧皮部环数与多指标成分的相关性分析

建立了超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱串联质谱(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定鸡血藤中黄烷醇、异黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、查耳酮、紫檀烷、花色素及酚酸类共22种指标成分含量的方法,并对不同韧皮部环数的鸡血藤药材质量进行分析与评价。采用XBridge■C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)分离,以0.3%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃,流速为0.8 mL·min~(-1),多反应监测离子扫描模式(MRM)测定。根据22种目标成分的含量,用主成分分析(PCA)对3个产区88个批次的不同韧皮部环数鸡血藤药材进行综合评价。结果表明,22种目标成分的质量浓度与对应峰面积均呈良好线性关系(r≥0.999 0),检出限(LOD)为0.07～7.99 ng·mL~(-1),定量下限(LOQ)为0.22～26.63 ng·mL~(-1),平均加标回收率为96.8%～103%,相对标准偏差为0.80%～4.4%。韧皮部环数与多指标成分含量具有一定正相关性,高要、越南、老挝三产区分别以韧皮部环数10环、8环、9环的鸡血藤中指标成分含量较高;所分析样品中以高要产区韧皮部环数10环、9环的鸡血藤药材综合质量较好。该文建立了鸡血藤韧皮部环数与指标成分含量的相关性,可为根据性状特征评价鸡血藤的药材质量提供科学依据,亦为阐明中药传统经验精髓"辨状论质"的科学内涵提供新的思路和方法。     

血液与尿液中铅形态化合物的HPLC-ICP-MS分析

建立了血液和尿液中2种铅形态化合物(三甲基铅、三乙基铅)的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。利用苯溶液萃取铅形态化合物,超声离心后以硫代硫酸钠溶液进行反萃取。以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵-0.1 mol/L乙酸与甲醇为流动相进行等度洗脱,Agilent Zorbax Plus C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)对提取物进行分离,ICP-MS分析样品中铅形态化合物。结果表明,血液和尿液中2种铅形态化合物的线性范围分别为3～200 ng/mL和5～400 ng/mL,检出限为0.85～1.31 ng/mL,定量下限为3.00～5.00 ng/mL,日内及日间相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%～10%,提取回收率为85.3%～104%,基质效应为88.3%～117%。该方法样品前处理简单,检出限低,准确度高,适用于人体血液和尿液中三甲基铅、三乙基铅的测定。     

超高效液相-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜样品中15种喹诺酮类兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解提取后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱检测,外标法定量。测定时用Acquity UPLC BEHC18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈系统梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多重反应监测(MRM)模式。15种喹诺酮类兽药的检出限均低于或等于1.0 ng/mL,回收率均在78.6%～112.9%范围内,相对标准偏差均在10%范围内。该方法各项指标均能满足国内外各项法规的要求,可用于蜂蜜样品中喹诺酮类药物残留的定量和定性检测。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱测定化妆品中的西咪替丁及雷尼替丁

建立了化妆品中西咪替丁及雷尼替丁的高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱检测方法,并对其质谱裂解规律进行研究。待测样品经甲醇超声提取,过滤膜后经Zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,用乙腈-含0.1%甲酸的水溶液梯度洗脱后,在双喷雾电喷雾离子源正离子模式下检测,数据采集使用一级母离子全扫描和目标二级离子扫描。在不同的化妆品基质中,西咪替丁和雷尼替丁分别在5.65～113 ng/mL和4.95～99.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),检出限分别为1.1、0.99 ng/mL,定量下限分别为5.6、5.0 ng/mL;2种待测物在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为86.7%～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%～6.0%,方法重复性良好(RSD10%)。该方法前处理简单,灵敏度较好,线性、回收率及重复性均满足方法学要求,可用于化妆品中西咪替丁和雷尼替丁的筛查测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。