中国营养平衡米及其配膳微量元素NSF研究

报道了营养平衡米和普通籼米的微量元素含量和ＮＳＦ值。并将营养平衡米配膳和籼米配膳的ＮＳＦ值进行了比较。结果表明,每５００ｇ营养平衡米Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ的含量分别为１９．１０、３．７５、８．６５、１３．２５、０．０７ｍｇ,高于同量籼米的８．００、１．５０、２．５０、５．１０、０．０３ｍｇ;ＮＳＦ值分别为１２７、１８８、４８、５３０、１４０,高于籼米的５３、７５、１４、２０４、６０。营养平衡     

中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se平衡论证

采用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米膳改善Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se不平衡进行了论证。结果表明 ,临床表现为面黄肌瘦 ,苍白 ,浮肿 ,疲劳 ,消瘦 ,虚弱 ,无力 ,食欲不振 ,恶心呕吐 ,头晕 ,皮肤瘙痒 ,肌肉震颤 ,手足麻木 ,无精神等明显的营养不良 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,检验为血清总蛋白 67 31mg dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol l,Cr 1 0 0 2 6μmol L。膳食中平均每人每日微量元素摄入量为 :Fe 1 7 99mg ,Zn 1 0 35mg ,Se 5 9 2 2 μg,Cu 1 71mg ,Mn3 95mg ,以肾衰患者RDA标准评价 ,Zn、Cu未达到RDA ,Fe ,偏高 ,Mn、Se达标。证明血透肾衰患者微量元素营养不平衡。RDA标准评价分别为 1 5 0 %、 69%、 1 1 8%、 86%、 1 5 8%。若改食中国营养平衡米膳 ,Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn摄入量分别为 1 9 74mg、 2 4 64mg、 1 78mg、4 0 9mg ,达标率分别为 1 65 %、 1 64%、 1 5 7%、 89%、 1 64% ,则全部达标率近 90 %以上 ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡 ,证明营养平衡米膳的Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn均与RDA标准模式平衡。因此 ,建议血透肾衰患者进食中国营养平衡米膳 ,可望改善其微量元素营养不平衡状况 ,提高生存质     

福寿仙的必需微量元素的营养评分研究

经广东地质测试研究中心检测了福寿仙的必需微量元素锌、铜、铁、锰、硒的含量，分别为2．70、0．26、79．10、2．04、0．00035mg/L，并用营养评分法对福寿仙和七种常用食物的NSF值进行了营养评分，发现福寿仙的Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se的NSF值分别为9．0、6．5、219、4．08、0．4;稻米为53．00、55．00、69.44、82．00、45．00;黄豆为6．93、325、305，360、0．60;瘦肉为200、500、33.33、4．00、0．60；鲜牛奶9．80、25．00、1．11、1．20、0．20；鸡蛋4133、14．50、56．11、8．00、4．60；草鱼11．33、4．70、12．22、6．00、0．40；大白菜140、145、9．44、52、0．20．用福寿仙和儿童的膳食配合．通过互补作用，发挥双方的营养效能，经过营养评分，证明其Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se的NSF值比普通膳食的NSF值高．同时证明，福寿仙和普通膳食配合食用，每餐10ml，一天30mL．福寿仙强防和治疗儿童缺铁性贫血及老人防治高胆固醇、动脉粥样硬化更具有科学性，效果将等更加理想．     

开发中国营养平衡米提高老人健康水平

介绍了广州老人进食中国营养平衡米(下称平衡米)的效果.营养调查发现,180例广州老人Ca、P、Fe、Zn和Se摄入量分别为403、807、17、14 mg和46 μg,说明老人Ca、Zn、Se不足.原因是主食籼米矿物质营养不平衡.建议进食营养平衡米后,老人Ca、P、Fe、Zn 和 Se 摄入量分别提高到1 153、863、45、45 mg和111 μg,结果表明,进食平衡米可以提高广州老人矿物质营养水平,致使老人健康长寿.对此,建议开发和推广食用中国营养平衡米.     

广州老人进食中国营养平衡米的营养调查

介绍了广州老人进食中国营养平衡米（简称平衡米）的效果。营养调查发现，广州老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别为403，807，17，14mg/d/人和46μg/d/人，说明老人Ca,Zn,Se不足，原因是主食籼米矿物质营养不平衡，进食平衡米后。老人Ca,P,Fe,Zn和Se摄入量分别提高到1153，863，45，45mg/d/人和111μg/d/人。结果说明，进食平衡米可以提高广州老人矿物质营养水平，使老人健康长寿。     

红豆型营养保健(平衡)米硒的营养评分及防癌作用研究

用２,３－二氨基萘荧光法测得每１００ｇ红豆型营养平衡米和稻米中硒为０．０６０和０．００６９ｍｇ,并对平衡米,稻米及６种食物的硒作了营养评分（ＮＳＦ）,评得平衡米,稻米,黄豆,瘦肉、鲜牛奶、鸡蛋、草鱼、大白菜的晒营养评分值（ＮＳＦＶ）分别为６２０、４０、０．６、６、０．０２、４、０．４、０．２。发现平衡米ＮＳＦＶ比稻米等食品高,有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。又用平衡米和稻米分别与六种食物为儿童配膳并作     

中国营养平衡米膳治疗肾衰病人的Ca、P、K、Na、Mg平衡论证

用营养调查方法 ,对门诊 30例血透肾衰患者进行了调查 ,并对其进食中国营养平衡米(下称营养平衡米 )膳中Ca、P、K、Na、Mg进行了论证。临床表现为面黄肌瘦、苍白、浮肿、疲劳、消瘦、虚弱、无力、食欲不振、恶心呕吐、头晕、皮肤瘙痒、肌肉震颤、手足麻木、无精神等明显的营养不良表现 ,平均体重 5 3 5kg ,皮脂厚度 1 1 2cm ,血清总蛋白 6 7 31mg/dL ,白蛋白 37 4 9mg/dL ,RBC 2 4 1× 1 0 12 /L ,HGB 6 8 81g/L ,PLT 1 72 1× 1 0 9/L ,K 1 6 1 5mg/dL ,Na392 72mg/dL ,C1 2 88 2 2mg/dL ,Ca 6 2 8mg/dL ,P 6 1 1mg/dL ;氮质血症 (x) :BUN 31mmol/L ,Cr 1 0 0 2 6 μmol/L ;膳食中平均每人每日常量元素摄入量为Ca34 1 4 3mg、P 70 7 0 9mg、K1 2 1 5 5 6mg、Na 2 2 2 6 1 9mg、Mg 1 79 4 5mg ,以肾衰病人RDA标准为Ca 1 0 0 0 /1 5 0 0 ,P 6 0 0 ,K5 0 0 ,Na 1 0 0 0 ,Mg 2 0 0 /30 0 ,评价分别为 2 3%～ 34 %、 1 1 8%、 2 4 3%、 2 2 3%、 6 0 %～ 90 % ,则K、Na、P过量 ,而Ca、Mg不足。若改食用营养平衡米膳 ,摄入量分别为 1 4 2 3、 92 4、 1 4 32、 2 2 36、2 79mg ,达标率分别为 95 %～ 1 4 2 % ,1 5 4 % ,2 86 % ,2 2 4 % ,93%～ 1 4 9%。则达标率 1 0 0 % ,且比原来膳食中元素平衡。     

血透患者微量元素营养状况初步探讨

对门诊维持性血透肾衰患者进行了膳食营养调查。结果表明：（1）在临床检查中发现,血透肾衰患者面黄肌瘦,面色苍白,浮肿,疲劳;体质虚弱,四肢无力;精神不振,具有明显的营养不良的临床表现。（2）在膳食调查中发现,每人每日营养素摄入量为蛋白质41．54mg,热量5288kJ,钙104mg、铁4．86mg和锌8．86mg、硒35μg、铜2．28mg、锰2．86mg、镁76．50mg、磷448mg、钾752mg和钠1385．4mg;视黄醇当量368μg、vitarmin B10.58mg、vitamin B20.39mg、vitarnin C51mg、vitaminPP12.60mg和vitaminE0.38mg。提示血透肾衰患者蛋白质－热量营养不良,K、Na过量,而Ca、Mg、P等宏量元素和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se等微量元素和RE、vitamin B1、vitamin B2、vitamin C均未达到RDA要求。原因是主食营养不平衡。因此,建议对血透肾衰患者进食主食营养平衡米（NBR）和制订平衡食谱,开展透析日营养治疗和病人家庭营养治疗。改善血透肾衰患者微量元素营养状况。     

中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式评价

根据中国营养学会推荐的热量标准,研制了中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式。按该模式,中学生每日应摄入的膳食品种及其数量如下:主食:营养平衡米,初中男生510~597g,女生468~510g;高中男生618~683g,女生532~575g;副食相同:青菜或水果500g或600g,鱼或肉100g或50g,蛋类40g,大豆制品30g,花生油12.5g,盐6g。调查结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物,热量摄入量全部达标准要求。Q(蛋白质)∶Q(脂肪)∶Q(碳水化合物):高中男女生为16∶20∶64,初中男、女生分别为17∶20∶63。提示中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式使中学生达到营养平衡,建议推广食用。     

长骨骨折患者中西结合食疗的平衡膳食模式研究

为证明中国营养平衡米和粉（CNBR和CNBP）作主食,制得骨伤患者食疗的平衡膳食,可提高骨折患者的疗效,对骨折患者中西结合食疗的平衡膳食模式进行了研究。结果表明：（1）用理化方法检测每100g主食的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和热量,CNBR为10．24、2．45、70．00g和343．01kcal（1cal=4．1868J）;CNBP为26．20、30．60、35．50g和522kcal;而普通稻米为7．29、1．10、77．00g和347．00kccal（2）据骨伤机体高代谢的营养需要求得：早期热量=BMR·应激因素·1．25＋（15％～25％）BMR,为2700～2800kcal;中期热量=BMR·应激因素·1．25·PAL＋（15％～25％）BMR,为4000～4100kcal;晚期热量：BMR·PAL,为2400kcal。（3）按以CNBR和CNBP为主食的平衡膳食基本模式2700kcal±x·100kcal（CNBR575g±x·21．54和CNBP50g±x·5．00）求得：早期2700—2800kcal需要主食CNBR575～579g和CNBP50～55g,中期4000～4100kcal主食CNBR855～877g和CNBP115—120g,晚期2400kcal需要主食CNBR510g和CNBP35g;各期副食相同：蔬菜和水果500g～200g、鱼和肉50～100g、蛋40g、大豆30g、花生油12．25g、盐6g,可制得骨折患者食疗以CNBR和CNBP为主食的中西结合平衡膳食模式。（4）平衡膳食模式评价：热量和3大营养素数量足够,比例平衡,符合骨伤机体高代谢营养需要,适合骨折患者的食疗,建议推广应用。     

高脂饲料对长爪沙鼠血脂和血清电解质的影响

目的观察高脂饲料对长爪沙鼠血清脂质4项和血清电解质K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋含量的影响。方法选取雄性长爪沙鼠40只,随机分为两组,分别给予普通饲料和高脂饲料（含1%胆固醇、10%猪油）。喂养12周后颌下静脉丛采血,用日立7180型全自动生化分析仪检测血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C及Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋含量,用美国Easy Lyte Plus型电解质分析仪检测血清K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-含量。结果与正常饲料组相比,高脂饲料喂养后沙鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量显著升高（P〈0.01）,以TC、LDL-C水平升高最为明显。沙鼠血清电解质K^＋、Mg^2＋含量在不同饲料组差异有显著性（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,而Na^＋、Cl^-、Ca^2＋含量在不同饲料喂养组的差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结论高脂饲料能明显升高长爪沙鼠血清脂质4项,并改变其血清电解质K^＋、Mg^2＋水平。     

分光光度法测定桂西大米中铁的含量

用分光光度法直接测定了大米中铁的含量，方法简便快速准确，对指导人们合理食用大米进行补铁及进一步开发大米产品提供了可靠的理论依据。     

日常饮食中的微量元素研究

对常用的大米、蔬菜、鱼和肉用原子发射光谱进行了微量元素含量的测定，同时说明了合理饮食的重要性。     

Determination of human and Sprague-Dawley rat trimethylselenonium ion and total selenium urine concentrations from endogenous body selenium pool by neutron activation analysis

This study determined trimethylselenonium ion [TMSe, (CH₃)₃Se⁺] and total organic selenium cationic species urinary excretion values for healthy human subjects and Sprague-Dawley rats fed regular diets. The only source of TMSe was from the endogenous selenium body pool. Total selenium concentration, in urine was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. TMSe and total selenium cationic species concentrations and percent of total selenium urine excretion were determined by chemical neutron activation analysis and coupled anion-cation exchange chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography, respectively. Within experimental error, mean values for TMSe and cationic species as percent selenium were comparable for both human subjects and Sprague-Dawley rats. This study suggested that TMSe excreted in urine by healthy human subjects and Sprague-Dawley rats fed a normal diet is not a minor but a general metabolite of selenium ingested in a normal diet.     

The determination of chromium in biological materials by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Biological samples were mineralized with a mixture of nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids. The chromium was oxidized to chromium(VI) followed by extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone in the cold. The ketone extract was aspirated into a fuel-rich hydrogen-air flame, and the absorption recorded using the 357.9 nm line of chromium. The limit of detection for chromium was found to be 10 p.p.b. Tissue chromium levels of normal albino rats were determined. Increased chromium values were observed for animals maintained on a high chromium diet compared to those fed a deficient diet.     

Effects of crude and partially purified extracts from UV-B-irradiated rice leaves on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The effect of crude and partially purified extracts from ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-irradiated rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves on the growth and development of corn earworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was investigated. Fifty muL droplets of a liquid diet containing different concentrations of the crude and partially purified extracts were fed to H. armigera neonates to determine possible short-term toxicity effects. A choice test using a solid artificial diet was also performed to determine larval feeding preferences and antifeedant effects. To study effects on the life history of the insect, different concentrations of the crude and partially purified extracts were also incorporated in the artificial diet and fed to individually confined neonates of H. armigera. The neonates were reared up to the adult stage. Results showed that crude and partially purified extracts of UV-B-irradiated rice leaves demonstrated antifeedant, growth-inhibitory and antibiotic properties against H. armigera. At high concentrations, the extract initially stimulated larval feeding; however, there were subsequent negative effects on pupal and adult traits, thereby reducing the reproductive potential of adults. These partially purified extracts appeared to have an antifertility effect because adults laid fewer eggs and, of those eggs laid, viability was lower. These results suggest that the accumulated flavonoids or other phenolics in UV-B-irradiated leaves, extracted from UV-B-resistant rice cultivar 'M202,' affected the growth, development and reproduction of H. armigera, a polyphagous insect pest.     

Concentration and distribution of toxic elements in rice and husk

Five varieties of rice have been analyzed to study the prevailing concentration and distribution of 10 trace elements in rice and rice husk. NAA in combination with AAS has been utilized for the determination of Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Br, Sb, Se, Ni, Al and Cs. The elemental ratios of rice to husk and within rice have been calculated to get information regarding their uptake channels. The daily supply of the elements to the human body has been estimated and from these the safety of the diet has been assessed by comparing with the suggested tolerance levels. A global distribution pattern of some of these elements in rice has also been evaluated.     

长寿之乡--江苏如皋微量元素环境调查

考察了如皋长寿老人居住环境、饮食和生活习惯,检测了当地土壤、粮食、蔬菜及人发样品中14种元素。结果表明,如皋生态环境好、长寿老人主食粗细搭配、副食清淡、蔬菜为主、少量荤食的饮食习惯使他们保持了人体内必需的常量、微量元素的平衡。头发中锌和硒含量较高是如皋老人长寿的特点。     

Biological Activities of Thermo-tolerant Microbes from Fermented Rice Bran as an Alternative Microbial Feed Additive

To evaluate the commercial potential of new microbial feed additive, Issatchenkia orientalis Y266 and Bacillus subtilis B266 from commercial fermented rice bran were tested for their tolerance or resistance to pH, bile, oxgall, and temperature. It was found that the strains grew very well up to pH 3.0 and resistant to relatively high concentrations of bile salt and oxgall. I. orientalis and B. subtilis are extremely tolerant in range of 70–90°C in solid medium. B. subtilis B266 also has excellent tolerant property up to 90°C in liquid medium. The health indexes (the microflora in the small intestines and the antibody titer to Newcastle disease virus) of chicks were significantly improved in the fermented rice bran with these strains (0.25% addition to diet) in comparison with the Avilamycin (20 mg/kg diet)-fed group (p < 0.05). The fermented rice bran-fed group showed a better microbial flora in the small intestines. Accordingly, it would appear that the fermented rice bran with these strains may be a potential candidate for an alternative microbial feed additive.