大学物理实验课程思政教学实践与探索

习近平总书记在全国高校思想政治工作会议发表重要讲话中强调“要坚持把立德树人作为中心环节,把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程,实现全程育人、全方位育人”,要让“各类课程与思想政治理论课程同向同行,形成协同效应”.作为受益学生面较大的公共基础课程,大学物理实验在思想政治教育融入研究和实践方面具有独特优势.从大学物理实验课程思政教学问题出发,分析开展“同向同行”思政教育的可行性设计,并以具体教学实践探讨思政元素的有机融入路径和方法.     

大学物理思想方法教育资源库的建设及其实施策略

物理学思想方法教育不是大学物理课程额外的“附加物”,它的地位和作用是由大学物理课程的本质所决定的.本文首先对大学物理思想和方法教育的内涵和意义价值作了明确的定位,并着重论述了我们近几年来在大学物理思想和方法教育资源库的建设过程中实现的“三部曲”的主要内容并作了案例分析.本文还提出了在大学物理教学中实施这个资源库的策略和目标.     

基于通识知识下的大学物理引导式教学研究与实践

大学物理课程教学中,通识物理知识的引入在教学中起到至关重要的过渡作用.大学物理知识点是高中物理知识深层次的延伸,高中知识是大学物理知识的基石,在大学物理课程教学中合理有效地结合中学物理知识,对提高教学效率有积极促进作用.将结合大学生实际情况和人才培养方案,以强化中学物理知识为基础,以掌握大学物理知识为目标,把通识物理有效地融入到大学物理教授过程中,通过教学内容和教学考核的改革,使大学物理课程的教学效果以及学生的学习效果得到有效的提升.     

基于建构主义理论的大学物理教学设计

本文首先介绍了建构主义认知理论的基本观点和倡导的教学方法,然后介绍了依据这些观点,在大学物理课程中所做的教学内容设计和教学过程设计,以及实践后的教学效果分析.文章提出,基于建构主义认知理论对教学内容和过程进行设计,能有效提高学生的学习效率,为提高大学物理课程教学质量和效益提供了一种参考和借鉴.     

基于传统课堂教学与Internet教学混合式下的大学物理教学探究与实践

基于传统的板书和PPT教学,结合现代化的Internet教学,从教学理念、教学内容和教学管理的改革对大学物理课程进行了深入探究和实践,强调在大学物理教学内容中要以书本内容为核心,网络信息化为辅助,加强网络信息教学的教学理念.在注重网络教学的同时,也要保持传统教学的优越性,把传统教学和互联网教学有机结合,提高学生的学习兴趣,激发学生学习的动力,符合当代大学生的学习方式和理念.     

简谐振动的物理教学及教育心理学探讨

基于简谐振动在大学物理教材和课堂教学中的两种典型方式,从质点动力学认知角度分析不同方式的教学基础和特点,其本质均指向同一教学目标,归属为质点动力学认知结构中两类基本问题.基于教育心理学认知结构的学习理论,从物理教材和教学要点角度,讨论两种不同教学方式的内在编码系统及认知信息加工理论特点.探讨在物理教学中利用教育心理学促进实现教学目标,完善学生已有的认知结构编码系统,帮助学生巩固和拓展知识点的有效方式,同时为简谐振动等物理教学提供教育心理学方面的教学参考.     

大学物理课程与中学物理课程有效衔接方式的研究

在基础物理教育课程已经发生深刻变化的背景下,大学物理课程在教学理念、教学目标、教学内容、教学方式等诸多方面面临着如何与中学物理课程进行有效衔接的问题.在分析《普通高中物理课程标准》,进行大学物理课程、中学物理课程改革调研基础上,探究了教学目标差异引起的教学方式和学习方式衔接、基础教育的初等思维方式惯性带来的学习障碍、教育和成长环境变化引起的适应性学习障碍等一系列大学物理课程与中学物理衔接所面临的主要问题;提出了大学物理课程在教学内容、教学方式和学习方式等方面与中学物理课程有效衔接的主要途径和方式.     

对理工科类非物理专业大学物理教学的探索

根据开设大学物理课程的理工科类非物理专业的特点,结合我们的教学实践,对理工科类非物理专业的大学物理教学谈了几点体会:结合专业特点,对教材作以恰当处理;把握大学物理与中学物理的联系,重点突出它们的不同之处;理论联系实际,提高学生的学习兴趣;强调物理概念,淡化数学推导;采用类比法教学、提高学生的科学思维能力;改革教学方法与手段,提高教学效率等。     

现代课程与教学论核心思想在大学物理实验教学中的应用

基于现代课程与教学论主要流派的核心思想,联系国内外大学物理实验教学的实际,应用人本主义和结构主义课程与教学观有针对性地指导大学物理实验教学实践,提出了有利于培养学生科研能力和创新能力的教学新模式,克服了传统物理实验教学模式千人一面的弊端,顺应了社会对培养高素质、创新型人才的需求。     

文科物理教学方法实例探究

为增强文科专业学生的科学素养,树立正确世界观,近年来许多高校在文科专业的课程设置中加入了大学物理课程的学习.但在实际的教学过程中,由于学生的认知特点以及对理科课程本身的排斥性导致大学物理课程的教学效果并不理想.本文从文科专业学生的认知特点出发,认为他们认知方式偏场依存型,因此在学习理科课程时更关注其与生活实际之间的联系,本文以大学物理中阻尼振动这一节的教学为例,探讨文科大学物理教学方法应当是有趣的引入、轻松的推导过程以及实用的物理结论.     

h.c.p.-f.c.c. phase transition in solid parahydrogen

The difference of free energies for the h.c.p. and f.c.c. parahydrogen is calculated as a function of molar volume. It is shown that the observed transition in solid parahydrogen¹ can be explained by differences in the structure of the cubic and quartic anharmonic terms.     

Multiple field modulation in N.M.R.

The Bloch equations are solved in the case of multiple field modulation. The result is applied to the problem of homonuclear stabilization of the magnetic field. It is found that the stability of the field/frequency lock may be degraded by disturbance signals. A particular phase setting can be chosen to avoid disturbances.     

F.c.c. type-III antiferromagnetism in YbN

Neutron diffraction experiments performed for YbN in the temperature range from 7 mK to room temperature prove the existence of long-range f.c.c. antiferromagnetic ordering of type III belowT _N =(0.790±0.005) K. The low ordered magnetic moment of Yb at saturation, =(0.39±0.05)> _B , is presumably caused by Kondo hybridization. By means of inelastic neutron scattering the crystalfield level scheme was established to be ₆ – ₈(33 meV)– ₇(81 meV). The ₆ – ₈ transition was found to be split into two lines which may be due to a bound state between the crystal-field excitation and phonons.     

Observation of surface modes in S.W.R.

We wish to report the unambiguous observation of surface modes in spin wave resonance in thin metal films. These surface modes, as predicted by Puszkarski are shown to be evident in both the parallel and perpendicular field configurations.     

Site factors in N.M.R. solvent effects

An algorithm was developed enabling implementation of a Nosé—Hoover thermostat within the framework of grand canonical molecular dynamics [Lynch, C. G. and Pettitt, B. M., 1997, J. chem. Phys., 107, 8594]. The proposed algorithm could readily be extended to mixtures of molecular species with different chemical potentials as shown in the paper. This algorithm was first applied to simulate a μVT ensemble of TIP4P water molecules at 298 K by means of a system comprising a number of full particles and a single scaled (fractional) particle, with the scaling factor considered as a dynamic variable in its own right and chemical potential a pre-set parameter. Our finding showed that the scheme with a single fractional particle tended to freeze in metastable states as well as failed to reproduce either the real-life (?24.05 kJmol^?1) or the model-specific chemical potential of water (?23.0kJ mol^?1). In order to overcome the inadequacy of a single fractional particle as a chemical potential ‘probe’ the treatment of Pettitt and co-workers was extended to introduce multiple fractional particles. The extended scheme (with 4 fractional particles) was able to reproduce the actual density of water for the driving chemical potential of -24.0k mo^?1. The actual behaviour of the density as a function of the chemical potential also agreed quite well with both the results of thermo-dynamic integration and the findings of Pettitt and co-workers.     

Mean-square atomic displacements in f.c.c. crystals

The mean-square displacements of volume atoms, surface atoms and atoms near a vacancy are calculated for f.c.c. metals and rare gas solids, using a simple series expansion of the Wallis formula. We employ a model with rotationally invariant bond bending forces, unlike the de Launay model used by Masri and Dobrzynski. For atoms near a vacancy and for rare gas solids this method has been applied for the first time. The calculations are done to the R⁴ term in the expansion. The inclusion of the R⁴ term together with temperature-dependent elastic constants give results which are in better agreement with experiment. For rare gas solids Lindemann ratios calculated by this method agree closely with the values obtained from elaborate computations as well as those deduced from entropy data. The present calculation also supports the view that the melting of solids is initiated at the crystal surfaces and in the neighbourhood of vacancies.     

Hall effect studies in ytterbium through the f.c.c.-h.c.p. transformation

The Hall coefficient (R_H) of polycrystalline Yb showing the f.c.c.-h.c.p. transformation has been determined at 20 koe in the range 1.8–420°K. Both the structural and the associated magnetic transformation would separately be expected to modify R_H, but the evidence suggests that the observed behaviour through the transition arises primarily from the effects of the change in structure. A more detailed interpretation is presently not possible, however, because of the lack of knowledge of the band structure of h.c.p. Yb.     

Deuterium isotopic effect in 13C-N.M.R. spectra

We obtain the grand potential and the associated distribution functions for a system of hard rods on a line of finite length. These functions are shown to be related to those of a semi-infinite system bounded by one hard wall. It follows that the contact values of the density and distribution functions at the walls of the finite system are related to those at the wall of the semi-infinite system, and that the force on the walls is the density at contact. We obtain also the density and distribution functions for a system with repeating boundary conditions, which are also expressible in terms of those of the finite and semi-infinite systems.     

Studies of radical pairs in potassium hydrogen malonate I. E.S.R.

Irradiation of single crystals of potassium hydrogen malonate with X-rays at 77 K yields two types of radical pairs, which differ in the orientation of the vector r linking the radicals of a pair but are composed of the same monoradicals. This monoradical is the main radical species found at room temperature and is characterized by hydrogen abstraction from the methylene group. Each type of pair exists in three modifications with respect to the fine structure parameters D and E, depending on the temperature treatment of the crystals after irradiation. The principal values of the dipole splitting tensor and the direction cosines of r for all pairs were determined. By application of the appropriate theory the signs of D and E could be deduced from second order effects observed at 9·5 GHz and 35 GHz. The two types of pairs exhibit marked differences in their fine structure parameters, their microwave saturation and their temperature and light stability, all of which can be attributed to different orientations of the linking vectors r relative to the molecular planes. Finally temperature coefficients of the dipole interactions were measured yielding opposite signs for the two types of pairs.