Pd-catalyzed regiocontrolled Sonogashira and Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 3,6-dihalogenoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines: one-pot double-coupling approach

New and efficient regioselective Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of 3,6-dihalogenoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines followed by another cross-coupling has been successfully developed. Various solvents, palladium species and bases were tested. Scope and limitations of this regiocontrolled palladium-catalyzed reaction were investigated. The synthesis of 3,6-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives using one-pot regioselective double-coupling approach was developed. This procedure affords convergent syntheses of polysubstituted compounds in high yields in a very few steps.     

An efficient access to 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl triflate through a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction-direct arylation sequence

An efficient method to prepare 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is described. The procedure involves a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction followed by a direct arylation at position 3. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl triflate was identified as a suitable coupling partner, permitting access to a variety of highly functionalized 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.     

Synthesis of novel fluorescent 3-aryl- and 3-methyl-7-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions

Two series of compounds, 3-aryl- (series A, compounds 2a-j) and 3-methyl-7-aryl-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (series B, compounds 3a-j) have been synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, with a triazolopyridine halide and an aryl or heteroaryl boronic acid in moderate to good yields. All compounds obtained are fluorescents, the quantum yields, particularly those of compounds 3f-j, are very high.     

K2S2O8-Mediated halogenation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using sodium halides as the halogen sources

A convenient halogenation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using sodium chloride/bromide/iodide as the halogen sources in the presence of K₂S₂O₈ as an easy-to-handle oxidizing agent was developed. The present work offers an efficient and rapid access to 3-chloro-, 3-bromo- and 3-iodo-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines which can be readily converted to C3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by cross-coupling reactions.     

Synthesis of 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines with a combinatorial approach: metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 1-halo-3-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines with arylmetal reagents

The halogenation of 3-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines was carried out with iodine, bromine, N-chlorosuccinimide, and 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate as halogenating agents to give selectively halogenated products 1-halo-3-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines in good to excellent yields. Kumada-Tamao-Corriu cross-coupling of the obtained 1-iodo-3-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines and aryl Grignard reagents led to 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines in good to excellent yields. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the 1-bromo-3-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and p- or m-methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acids furnished the coupling product in respective yields of 91% and 61%. The obtained 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines showed a wide variety of fluorescent emissions in a wavelength range of 449-533 nm with improved quantum yields compared to monoarylated ones.     

Pd-catalyzed Suzuki/Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and the direct sp3 arylation of 7-chloro-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

A rapid and efficient method is reported for the synthesis of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine motif. Palladium catalyzed Suzuki and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions on 7-chloro-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine were performed. The direct sp³ arylation of compounds resulting from the Suzuki reaction was then carried out.     

Palladium bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) catalyzed Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, and cyanation reactions

Palladium bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate): a structurally well-defined O-containing transition metal complex is reported as an efficient catalyst for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The protocol was also applied successfully for cyanation of aryl halides under milder operating conditions. The system tolerated the coupling of various aryl halides with alkenes, alkynes, and organoboronic acid along with the cyanation of aryl halides providing good to excellent yields of desired products.     

Synthesis and functionalisation of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines involving copper and palladium-promoted coupling reactions

A convenient route to novel 3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via iododediazonation of 3-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, which are obtained by copper-catalysed cyclisation of 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine with hydrazines. We describe also efficient coupling reactions from 3-iodo derivatives with various reagents according to Suzuki, Heck, Stille, and Sonogashira conditions.     

Simple and Expedient Access to Novel Fluorinated Thiazolo- and Oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one Derivatives and Their Functionalization via Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions

An efficient, versatile, and one-pot method for the preparation of novel fluorinated thiazolo- and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ones is described from 2-aminothiazoles or 2-amino-oxazoles and fluorinated alkynoates. This transformation, performed under transition-metal-free conditions, offers new fluorinated cyclized products with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the functionalization of these N-fused scaffolds via the Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions led to the synthesis of highly diverse thiazolo- and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ones.     

Synthesis of novel triazolopyridylboronic acids and esters. Study of potential application to Suzuki-type reactions

This paper describes a general method for the synthesis of novel [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridylboronic acids and esters, and the first results on Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with these new compounds and [1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolylboronic acid, reacting with a variety of aryl halides as a route to 7-aryltriazolopyridines and 5-aryltriazoloisoquinolines.     

Efficient and regioselective functionalization of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and SNAr

The synthesis of 3,6-disubstituted-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives by palladium cross-coupling and S_NAr reactions is described. Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling reactions were investigated to introduce alkynyl, alkenyl, and aryl at the 3-position of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. Then, at the 6-position, palladium-catalyzed N-arylation and direct S_NAr were used to introduce amines and alcohols.     

An efficient microwave-assisted Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in aqueous medium

A new simple, rapid and high yielding synthesis of various 6-aryl-2-arylsulfonylmethyl-3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction is described using microwave irradiation in aqueous medium without organic co-solvent in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide.     

Optimized scale up of 3-pyrimidinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine via Suzuki coupling; a general method of accessing a range of 3-(hetero)arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines

We have developed an improved synthesis of 3-(hetero)aryl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (such as 3-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (8)) via an optimized synthesis and Suzuki coupling of 3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine boronic ester 10. These conditions are applicable to both high throughput chemistry and large scale synthesis of these medicinally important compounds. The scope of this chemistry has been further extended to include the synthesis and coupling of a novel boronic ester, 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine (43).     

Grignard reagent-promoted 6-endo-dig cyclization: instantaneous synthesis of original dipyrido[1,2-a:3′,4′-d]imidazole

Dipyrido[1,2-a:3′,4′-d]imidazole derivatives can be readily synthetized from various 3-alkyne-2-cyanoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via an efficient Grignard reagent-promoted 6-endo-dig cyclization of nitrile to alkynes. A previous optimization of the Sonogashira coupling reaction at C(3) of the 2-cyanoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine was necessary as this coupling reaction is known to be largely influenced by the nature of the 2-substituent.     

Synthesis of polyarene derivatives of fused aziridines by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling

A convenient and effective synthetic approach to potentially radiochromic polyarene derivatives of bi- and tricyclic aziridines utilizing modified Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with catalysis in micellar media has been developed. A series of polyarene substituents were introduced into 1,5-diaryl-3,5a-dihydro-1H-azireno[1,2-c]imidazoles, 1,6-diaryl-1,3,4,6a-tetrahydroazireno[1,2-a]pyrazines, and 1,2-diaryl-1,1a-dihydroazireno[1,2-a]quinoxalines without degradation of the highly reactive aziridine ring system.     

Synthesis of 4-aryl-, 2,4-diaryl- and 2,4,7-triarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines by a combination of the Suzuki cross-coupling and N-arylation reactions

A simple and facile synthesis of novel 4-aryl-2-chloro-, 2,4-diaryl- and 2,4,7-triarylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with various aryl and heteroaryl assemblies in the heterocyclic framework by a combination of Suzuki cross-coupling and N-arylation reactions of 2,4-dichloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with arylboronic acids and haloarenes are described. A majority of the synthesized compounds were found to emit in a near UV-blue spectral range with fluorescence quantum yields up to 67%. The impact of aryl groups attached to the pyrrole ring of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives on optical properties is discussed.     

Efficient synthesis of novel dipyridoimidazoles and pyrido[1′,2′;1,2]imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine derivatives

Novel dipyrido[1,2-a;3′,4′-d]imidazoles 7a-d, dipyrido[1,2-a;4′,3′-d]imidazoles 8a,c and pyrido[1′,2′;1,2]imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine derivatives 9a-d were synthesized by two pathways: thermal electrocyclic reaction of 3-alkenylimidazopyridine-2-oximes 10 and direct condensation of ethyl glycinate (or hydrazine) with 2,3-dicarbonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 11.     

Efficient Pd(0)-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo-3′-deoxycarbanucleosides and their analogues

The racemic synthesis of hitherto unknown 5-substituted-[1,2,3]-triazolo-3′-deoxycarbanucleosides and [1,2,3]-triazolo-[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one analogues is described. The key iodinated intermediate 10 was prepared in 10 steps using a malonic synthesis. Various alkynes were introduced at the C-5 position of 10 under optimized Pd(0)-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling alkynylation to yield after deprotection 12a-i. The synthesis of their 8-aza-3-deazapurine analogues (13a-h) was also accomplished through the heteroannulation of internal alkynes under aqueous dimethylamine.     

2,5,7-Trisubstituted benzo[b]furans through a copper- and/or palladium-catalyzed assembly and functionalization process

A straightforward approach to the synthesis of 2,5,7-trisubstituted benzo[b]furans from 2-bromo- and 2-chloro-6-iodo-4-substituted phenols through a consecutive copper- and/or palladium-catalyzed assembly and functionalization process is described. Functionalization at the C(7) position is carried out by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and C-N bond forming reactions.     

Highly efficient recyclable heterogeneous palladium catalyst for C-C coupling, amination and cyanation reactions

An inexpensive, air-moisture stable and reusable PS-Pd(II)-anthra complex was synthesized by reacting chloro-methylated polystyrene with anthranilic acid to get polymer anchored ligand which was then reacted with PdCl₂ to get polymer anchored complex. This complex was characterized by different spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The activity of the Pd-complex as catalyst was tested for the Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira cross-coupling and also for amination and cyanation reactions under various conditions. The catalyst exhibits high catalytic activities for the coupling of various aryl halides with organoboronic acid, alkene, alkyne and amine along with the cyanation of aryl halides providing excellent yields of desired product. Further, the catalyst can be easily recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused up to five times without sufficient loss of its catalytic activity.