Polynomial detection of matrix subalgebras

The double Capelli polynomial of total degree is

It was proved by Giambruno-Sehgal and Chang that the double Capelli polynomial of total degree is a polynomial identity for . (Here, is a field and is the algebra of matrices over .) Using a strengthened version of this result obtained by Domokos, we show that the double Capelli polynomial of total degree is a polynomial identity for any proper -subalgebra of . Subsequently, we present a similar result for nonsplit inequivalent extensions of full matrix algebras.

     

Maximal commutative subalgebras of matrix algebras

Maximal commutative subalgebras of the algebra of n by n matrices over a field k very rarely have dimension smaller than n. There is a (B, N)-construction which yields subalgebras of this kind. The Courter's algebra that is of this kind was shown a (B, N)-construction where B is the Schur algebra of size 4 and N = k ⁴. That is, the Courter's algebra is isomorphic to B ? (k ⁴)², the idealization of (k ⁴)². It was questioned how many isomorphism classes can be produced by varying the finitely generated faithful B-module N. In this paper, we will show that the set of all algebras B ? N ² fall into a single isomorphism class, where B is the Schur algebra of size 4 and N a finitely generated faithful B-module.     

Rational matrix groups of a special type

Let G be a finite group having a faithful irreducible character χ for which χ(1) is prime to ¦G¦/χ(1). Let n=[$\text{Q}$(χ):$\text{Q}$]χ(1), and assume that the factors are not both even. Then G can be embedded in GL_n($\text{Q}$) in such a way that its normalizer therein splits over its centralizer.     

Commutative matrix subalgebras and length function

It is proved that if the length of a commutative matrix subalgebra is maximal then this subalgebra is maximal under inclusion. The examples are given showing that the converse does not hold. To establish this result, we prove several fundamental properties of the length function.     

Simple subalgebras of special simple Jordan algebras

We determine all types and canonical forms of simple subalgebras for each type of special simple Jordan algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to 2, as well as a number of conjugacy classes.     

Classification of matrix subalgebras of length 1

We define the length of a finite system of generators of a given algebra $ \mathcal{A} $ as the smallest number k such that words of length not greater than k generate $ \mathcal{A} $ as a vector space, and the length of the algebra is the maximum of the lengths of its systems of generators. In this paper, we obtain a classification of matrix subalgebras of length 1 up to conjugation. In particular, we describe arbitrary commutative matrix subalgebras of length 1, as well as those that are maximal with respect to inclusion.     

On small matrix subalgebras with a trivial centralizer

Given an integer n?≥?3, we investigate the minimal dimension of a subalgebra of M _n (𝕂) with a trivial centralizer. It is shown that this dimension is 5 when n is even and 4 when it is odd. In the latter case, we also determine all 4-dimensional subalgebras with a trivial centralizer.     

Differential equations over subalgebras of the full matrix algebra

We consider a general matrix differential equation whose parameters and solution are defined over subalgebras of the full matrix algebra. Some subalgebras are presented over which the equation splits into a set of equations over matrices of smaller orders. Multiplicative matrix equations of higher order in normal form are introduced and studied over some subalgebras of 2 × 2 matrices.     

Practical computation of matrix functions

Several new representations for an analytic function f(A) of a complex matrix A, and in particular for e^At and A^t, are derived, which also are numerically useful in that they avoid the computation of eigenvalues of A.     

Some subalgebras of indefinite type Kac-Moody Lie algebras

We show that every Kac-Moody Lie algebra of indefinite type contains a subalgebra with a Dynkin diagram having two adjacent vertices whose edge labels multiply to a number greater than or equal to five. Consequently, every Kac-Moody algebra of indefinite type contains a subalgebra of strictly hyperbolic type, and a free Lie algebra of rank two.     

交换环上特殊线性李代数的极大子代数

文章利用有单位元且2,3是单位的交换环的极大理想刻画了其上特殊线性李代数包含典范环面的极大子代数.确定了特殊线性李代数极大子代数的个数,并证明了每个极大子代数均可通过置换矩阵共轭于标准的极大子代数.     

Triangular type ordered subalgebras in a column model

Received February 20, 1998; accepted in final form July 10, 1998.     

A note on matrix subalgebras containing a full Jordan block

Let A be a subalgebra of the full matrix algebra M_n(F), and suppose J∈A, where J is the Jordan block corresponding to xⁿ. Let $\text{S}$ be a set of generators of A. It is shown that the graph of $\text{S}$ determines whether A is the full matrix algebra M_n(F).     

The minimal dimension of maximal commutative subalgebras of full matrix algebras

Let F be a field and A a maximal commutative subalgebra of the full matrix algebra M_n(F). It is shown that dim A > (2n)^{$\text{2}\text{3}$} ? 1. It is also shown that if the radical of A has cube zero, then dim A ? [3n^{$\text{2}\text{3}$} ? 4], and that this result is best possible for infinitely many natural numbers n.     

Characterization of commutative matrix subalgebras of maximal length over an arbitrary field

Commutative subalgebras of length n − 1 in the full matrix algebra of order n over an arbitrary field are characterized in terms of generating elements.     

On vector and matrix median computation

The aim of this paper is to gain more insight into vector and matrix medians and to investigate algorithms to compute them. We prove relations between vector and matrix means and medians, particularly regarding the classical structure tensor. Moreover, we examine matrix medians corresponding to different unitarily invariant matrix norms for the case of symmetric 2×2 matrices, which frequently arise in image processing. Our findings are explained and illustrated by numerical examples. To solve the corresponding minimization problems, we propose several algorithms. Existing approaches include Weiszfeld’s algorithm for the computation of ?₂ vector medians and semi-definite programming, in particular, second order cone programming, which has been used for matrix median computation. In this paper, we adapt Weiszfeld’s algorithm for our setting and show that also two splitting methods, namely the alternating direction method of multipliers and the parallel proximal algorithm, can be applied for generalized vector and matrix median computations. Besides, we compare the performance of these algorithms numerically and apply them within local median filters.     

Maximal subalgebras of Cartan type in the exceptional Lie algebras

In this paper, we initiate the study of the maximal subalgebras of exceptional simple classical Lie algebras \(\mathfrak {g}\) over algebraically closed fields k of positive characteristic p, such that the prime characteristic is good for \(\mathfrak {g}\). We deal with what is surely the most unnatural case; that is, where the maximal subalgebra in question is a simple subalgebra of non-classical type. We show that only the first Witt algebra can occur as a subalgebra of \(\mathfrak {g}\) and give an explicit classification of when it is maximal in \(\mathfrak {g}\).     

On seaweed subalgebras and meander graphs in type D

In 2000, Dergachev and Kirillov introduced subalgebras of “seaweed type” in ${\mathfrak{gl}}_n$ and computed their index using certain graphs, which we call type-A meander graphs. Then the subalgebras of seaweed type, or just “seaweeds”, have been defined by Panyushev (2001) [9] for arbitrary reductive Lie algebras. Recently, a meander graph approach to computing the index in types B and C has been developed by the authors. In this article, we consider the most difficult and interesting case of type $\mathsf{D}$. Some new phenomena occurring here are related to the fact that the Dynkin diagram has a branching node.