掠过流作用下穿孔板的声阻抗

应用三维时域数值方法研究掠过流对穿孔板声阻抗的影响。建立了掠过流作用下穿孔板声阻抗计算的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,通过时域计算得到掠过流作用下穿孔板的声阻抗,分析结构参数和掠过流马赫数对穿孔板声阻抗的影响。根据计算结果拟合掠过流作用下穿孔板声阻抗的近似表达式,利用获得的穿孔声阻抗新公式预测穿孔管消声器的传递损失,数值预测和实验结果吻合良好。计算结果表明,掠过流对穿孔板的声阻抗和穿孔管消声器的消声性能有明显影响。     

穿孔管消声器声学长度修正的理论公式

推导出穿孔管消声器声学长度修正以及共振频率的理论公式。证明了在均匀分布情况下,多小孔向膨胀腔声辐射与单个小孔向膨胀腔声辐射的声学长度修正系数是一致的。对于小孔向主管道的声辐射,根据理论公式研究了穿孔率、周向均布数以及亥姆赫兹数对声学长度修正的影响,有限元计算得出在直径比小于0.4的情况下声学长度修正系数理论公式与仿真计算结果吻合良好。并利用理论公式的性质以及仿真结果获得了实用的拟合公式,提升了穿孔管消声器在高频时共振频率的计算精度。     

直通穿孔管消声器声学特性预测的数值模态匹配法

将数值模态匹配法应用于计算横截面为任意形状的直通穿孔管抗性消声器的声学特性。应用二维有限元法计算横截面的本征值和本征向量,应用模态匹配技术求解模态幅值系数,进而得到所需的声学量。对于圆形和椭圆形直通穿孔管消声器的传递损失,数值模态匹配法计算结果与三维有限元计算结果和相应的实验测量结果吻合良好,表明数值模态匹配法能够精确计算直通穿孔管消声器的声学特性。计算结果表明,穿孔管的偏移影响消声器在中高频段的消声特性,同轴结构消声器的消声性能好于非同轴结构。      

不同声强宽带噪声激励下结构参数对穿孔板消声器吸声特性影响的实验研究

高声压级激励下,由于非线性效应的存在,穿孔板消声器的吸声特性将发生改变,而改变量的大小与穿孔板的结构参数(穿孔率,孔径,板厚)密切相关。本文设计搭建了实验平台来研究结构参数的变化对穿孔板消声器的吸声特性的影响。根据实验结果发现:随着声压级的升高,由于穿孔板结构的非线性加剧,其声阻抗将发生变化,导致穿孔板消声器的吸收峰值降低,但吸收频带却拓宽了;在穿孔率一定的情况下,孔径越小的穿孔板消声器更适合低声压级环境工作;在孔径一定的情况下,穿孔率越低的穿孔板消声器也更适合低声压级环境工作。     

双倒易边界元法应用于预测三维势流管道和消声器声学特性

将双倒易边界元法应用于预测具有三维势流存在时管道及消声器的声学特性,阐述了其基本原理与数值过程。与传统边界元方法相比,该方法考虑了声学控制方程中气流马赫数二阶小量的影响,因此适用于具有较高马赫数亚音速流的情况。使用双倒易边界元法预测有气流存在时管道和变截面膨胀腔的四极参数,并与一维解析解和传统边界元法结果进行了比较,从而验证了该方法的正确性。利用双倒易边界元计算并分析了不同结构类型消声器的传递损失,结果表明,三维流对复杂结构的消声器声学性能的影响是不可忽略的。PACS数:43.20,43.     

板厚对无障薄板声辐射特性影响的分析

分析无障薄板的声辐射特性时通常忽略板厚对格林函数的影响而采用双层势计算.本文考虑板厚引起的声辐射阻抗,采用混合势计算结构表面声压与振速,并分析板厚对声辐射参数的影响。根据交界相容性条件,采用边界积分方程分别表示平板上下表面的声压和振速,并合并同类项.进一步将结构的动力方程代入混合势形式的振速方程中,离散声压差值和板的位移为振动模态叠加的形式,获得二重积分形式的声辐射阻抗,从而求解振动模态系数,确定声辐射特性参数.以水下简支矩形板为例计算对比了声辐射参数,并讨论了其对板厚的敏感性。结果表明:板厚引起的声辐射阻抗对声辐射参数的大小影响较小,但随着频率的增加致使共振频率发生较大偏移;在相同阶数的共振频率范围内,板厚度越大,采用双层势计算的误差越大。     

A finite element analysis of perforated component acoustic systems

A Lagrangian energy expression is presented that is suitable for finite element analysis of perforated component acoustic systems. This technique can be applied to systems with complex shaped boundaries and is not restricted to the limited geometry that inhibits the traditional one-dimensional techniques. The technique has been applied to automotive muffler component configurations and has been verified experimentally. Perforate flow effects have also been included.     

Investigations on the acoustic transmission characteristics of underwater perforated panel structures

Perforated panel structures have a wide potential in underwater applications. However, up to now there has been little related research. The acoustic impedance of an underwater perforated panel is obtained based on the theories for air perforated panel sound absorption. In this paper sound transmission characteristics of underwater perforated panel structures are theoretically analyzed by the transfer matrix method. A formula for normal incidence sound transmission coefficients is given. The main factors that have effects on the acoustic transmission coefficient are analyzed by numerical simulations. The perforated panel structures made by ourselves are tested in a standing-wave tube by the four-sensor transfer-function method. The experimental results are well in accord with the results obtained by the numerical method, which proves that the theoretical analysis is correct. This paper has provided theoretical and experimental bases for the design of underwater perforated panel structures.     

The acoustic impedance of perforated plates under various flow conditions relating to combustion chamber liners

The absorption of sound by cavities lined with perforated sheets depends crucially on the impedance of the orifices in the sheets. Although the theory for that absorption in the absence of a mean flow was well-developed in 1926, the presence of either a ‘bias’ flow through the orifices, or of a flow ‘grazing’ the sheet and deflecting the acoustic jets, radically alters the absorption. There are many theoretical and experimental treatments of the various cases, some of which are reviewed here. However, there has been little attempt to show how these data relate to one another, and this is also undertaken. The frequency dependence of the impedance is here expressed in terms of a Helmholtz number and used as the prime parameter for comparison. Theories for the cases where the mean flow is negligible are naturally based on the viscous penetration depth, whereas those for bias flow have a Strouhal number as the main parameter and are independent of viscosity. It is found that there are major uncertainties in the impedance for higher Strouhal numbers, when the bias flow is small. A criterion for transition to the no-bias flow theory is proposed. Theories and correlations for grazing flow rationally feature a Strouhal number based on the friction velocity in the duct, since this determines the boundary layer characteristics, but there should be a smooth transition to the case where the grazing flow can be considered negligible. Criteria for this are also proposed, based on the available experimental data. When both types of flow are present, particularly when the grazing velocity is larger than the bias velocity, the available data are very limited.     

Reduction of acoustic radiation by perforated board and honeycomb layer systems

A perforated system, proposed previously for reducing the radiated sound from a plate at arbitrary frequencies, is applied to three-dimensional problem. Plates are assumed to be supported in a duct of a finite cross-section and excited by a harmonic point force. The sound radiation is investigated from the viewpoint of acoustic power and it is discussed whether the attenuation effect shown previously in the one-dimensional system can be obtained with the three-dimensional system. The effect of support conditions on attenuation characteristics is discussed by using clamped and simply supported circular models. Allowing for the effect, a simply supported rectangular model is studied in detail and its problems are revealed. In order to overcome the problems, a new system including subdivided air cavities in the form of a honeycomb layer instead of a undivided backing cavity is proposed. Each of the honeycomb cells can create local one-dimensional sound fields. Calculated theoretical results are compared to data obtained in a 1/5th scale reverberation chamber. The results for the reduction effect, which are in good agreement, show that the honeycomb layer system can achieve the same reduction of the radiated sound power at arbitrary frequencies as the one-dimensional perforated system.     

Target thickness correction in polarized neutron-and-target experiments

Factors influencing the effective degree of neutron beam polarization in thick polarized targets are discussed. The calculation of creroction formulae is outlined.