Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管输出腔

 利用模式展开和场匹配理论,建立了具有突变结构谐振腔的散射矩阵。在此基础上编制了FORTRAN计算程序,并对Ka波段TE₀₁模回旋速调管的具有突变结构的开放式输出腔进行了数值计算。分析了回旋速调管输出腔的腔体长度和半径变化,以及输出耦合孔的半径和厚度变化对输出腔的品质因数和频率的影响。结果表明：由程序模拟输出腔所得到的计算结果与HFSS软件的结果一致;与冷测实验结果相比,品质因数的相对偏差为1.65%,谐振频率的偏差为10 MHz。     

Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管输出腔

利用模式展开和场匹配理论,建立了具有突变结构谐振腔的散射矩阵。在此基础上编制了FORTRAN计算程序,并对Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管的具有突变结构的开放式输出腔进行了数值计算。分析了回旋速调管输出腔的腔体长度和半径变化,以及输出耦合孔的半径和厚度变化对输出腔的品质因数和频率的影响。结果表明：由程序模拟输出腔所得到的计算结果与HFSS软件的结果一致;与冷测实验结果相比,品质因数的相对偏差为1.65%,谐振频率的偏差为10 MHz。     

回旋速调管变周期TE01-TE11模式变换器

针对蛇形圆波导变换器尺寸大和带宽窄的不足,提出了变周期蛇形圆波导模式变换器,以实现TE01到TE11模式的高效率转换。根据耦合波方程,编制了优化计算程序,对工作于30.5 GHz、半径为16 mm的变周期以及传统蛇形变换器几何结构分别进行了优化计算,得到了可实现最高模式变换效率的几何参量。计算结果表明：传统结构变换器最优长度长达1 056.97 mm,转换效率98.1%,90%以上转换带宽也仅为3.3%;变周期变换器最优长度为769.53 mm,转换效率为99.3%,90%以上转换带宽为5.9%。变周期结构相对于传统结构的模式变换器具有尺寸小和带宽宽的明显优势。测试表明所提出的模式变换器具有良好的模式变换性能。     

回旋速调管变周期TE01-TE11模式变换器

针对蛇形圆波导变换器尺寸大和带宽窄的不足,提出了变周期蛇形圆波导模式变换器,以实现TE01到TE11模式的高效率转换。根据耦合波方程,编制了优化计算程序,对工作于30.5 GHz、半径为16 mm的变周期以及传统蛇形变换器几何结构分别进行了优化计算,得到了可实现最高模式变换效率的几何参量。计算结果表明:传统结构变换器最优长度长达1 056.97 mm,转换效率98.1%,90%以上转换带宽也仅为3.3%;变周期变换器最优长度为769.53 mm,转换效率为99.3%,90%以上转换带宽为5.9%。变周期结构相对于传统结构的模式变换器具有尺寸小和带宽宽的明显优势。测试表明所提出的模式变换器具有良好的模式变换性能。     

高次模式同轴多间隙腔激励特性研究

提出了一种工作在TM₅₁-2π模式的Ka波段同轴多间隙谐振腔,使用CST本征模求解器研究了此结构的电场分布特性,并分析了基于外侧全通的耦合方式下该结构的冷腔模式特性。在此基础上,通过结合空间电荷波理论和CST三维粒子仿真分析,研究了在多电子注激励下同轴多间隙腔高次模式的起振特性,并分析了此种结构的模式稳定性与注-波互作用特性。研究结果表明：对于工作在Ka波段的TM₅₁-2π模式同轴多间隙腔,采取结构外侧全耦合的方式具有较高的模式稳定性;在此结构中,多电子注不仅会均匀激励起工作模式,也可能非均匀激励起竞争模式;不同于工作在基模的扩展互作用速调管,此种结构的速调管电场极值是分别建立的,因此激励电子注可放置在不同相位的电场极值处;在保持电子注电压、总电流不变的情况下,采取更多电子注的激励方式,需要更小的聚焦磁场。     

Extension of the spectral volume method to high-order boundary representation

In this paper, the spectral volume method is extended to the two-dimensional Euler equations with curved boundaries. It is well-known that high-order methods can achieve higher accuracy on coarser meshes than low-order methods. In order to realize the advantage of the high-order spectral volume method over the low order finite volume method, it is critical that solid wall boundaries be represented with high-order polynomials compatible with the order of the interpolation for the state variables. Otherwise, numerical errors generated by the low-order boundary representation may overwhelm any potential accuracy gains offered by high-order methods. Therefore, more general types of spectral volumes (or elements) with curved edges are used near solid walls to approximate the boundaries with high fidelity. The importance of this high-order boundary representation is demonstrated with several well-know inviscid flow test cases, and through comparisons with a second-order finite volume method.     

Phase stability of gyroklystron amplifier

Expressions are derived for RF phase stability in conventional klystrons and gyroklystrons. Phase noise is found to depend on electron energy in a completely different way for the two types of devices, due to the inherent differences in gun dynamics and interaction mechanisms. In general, phase stability is better in gyroklystrons operating at voltage ⩽100 kV, while klystrons have somewhat better phase stability at higher operating voltage. An experimental study of phase stability in a four-cavity, 7.5-kV conventional klystron and in a three-cavity, 30-kV gyroklystron confirmed theoretical predictions. Phase sensitivity in the conventional klystron was 13° per percent change in voltage, and in gyroklystron was 4° per percent change in voltage. The magnitude and frequency of the measured phase jitter was well correlated with the droop and ripple on the beam voltage. Phase sensitivity to other parameters such as input power, magnetic field strength, and input frequency were also studied experimentally     

谐波回旋速调管的效率优化

推导出了由两个无量纲量群聚系数与相位系数构成的非线性运动方程,并对其进行了数值计算分析。数值计算结果表明:通过优化设计参数,当谐波回旋速调管工作在放大区时,其基波、二次谐波、三次谐波、四次谐波的纵向互作用效率分别可达到55%,40%,30%,15%;当其工作在振荡区时,其基波、二次谐波、三次谐波、四次谐波的纵向互作用效率最高分别可达到93.9%, 88.2%, 81.8%, 62.7%。     

谐波回旋速调管的效率优化

推导出了由两个无量纲量群聚系数与相位系数构成的非线性运动方程,并对其进行了数值计算分析。数值计算结果表明:通过优化设计参数,当谐波回旋速调管工作在放大区时,其基波、二次谐波、三次谐波、四次谐波的纵向互作用效率分别可达到55%,40%,30%,15%;当其工作在振荡区时,其基波、二次谐波、三次谐波、四次谐波的纵向互作用效率最高分别可达到93.9%, 88.2%, 81.8%, 62.7%。     

Statistical determination of the length dependence of high-order polarization mode dispersion

We describe a method of characterizing high-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Using a new expansion to approximate the Jones matrix of a polarization-dispersive medium, we study the length dependence of high-order PMD to the fourth order. A simple rule for the asymptotic behavior of PMD for short and long fibers is found. It is also shown that, in long fibers (~1000 km), at 40 Gbits/s the third- and fourth-order PMD may become comparable to the second-order PMD.     

Whispering gallery mode selective reflector with a high azimuthal index for the input cavity of a gyroklystron

A selective reflector in the form of a resonance extension is suggested for the input cavity of a 8-mm-wave gyroklystron operating at whispering gallery mode H _{m, 1} with an azimuthal index of several tens. Simulation data for the selective reflector are presented.     

Wavenumber-extended high-order oscillation control finite volume schemes for multi-dimensional aeroacoustic computations

A new numerical method toward accurate and efficient aeroacoustic computations of multi-dimensional compressible flows has been developed. The core idea of the developed scheme is to unite the advantages of the wavenumber-extended optimized scheme and M-AUSMPW+/MLP schemes by predicting a physical distribution of flow variables more accurately in multi-space dimensions. The wavenumber-extended optimization procedure for the finite volume approach based on the conservative requirement is newly proposed for accuracy enhancement, which is required to capture the acoustic portion of the solution in the smooth region. Furthermore, the new distinguishing mechanism which is based on the Gibbs phenomenon in discontinuity, between continuous and discontinuous regions is introduced to eliminate the excessive numerical dissipation in the continuous region by the restricted application of MLP according to the decision of the distinguishing function. To investigate the effectiveness of the developed method, a sequence of benchmark simulations such as spherical wave propagation, nonlinear wave propagation, shock tube problem and vortex preservation test problem are executed. Also, throughout more realistic shock–vortex interaction and muzzle blast flow problems, the utility of the new method for aeroacoustic applications is verified by comparing with the previous numerical or experimental results.     

Pulsed volume discharge with preionization in two-dimensional gasdynamic flow

The interaction between a pulsed volume discharge with preionization by ultraviolet radiation from plasma sheets and a gasdynamic flow with a known density distribution is studied experimentally. The complex quasi-two-dimensional flow that emerges after the diffraction of a plane shock wave by rectangular obstacles in the channel is experimentally studied and numerically simulated. The glow intensity fields for an unsteady gasdynamic flow are imaged for the first time when recording the plasma radiation from a pulsed discharge in the flow. Since the ionization duration is short (150–200 ns), the gas-flow structure does not change and the flow does not heat up in the glow time of the discharge plasma in the flow. Our images are compared with the reciprocal-density fields of the corresponding two-dimensional gas flow. The effects of gasdynamic structures on the discharge plasma redistribution in the flow are analyzed. The energy contribution is localized into low-density zones (vortices, rarefaction waves) and into regions of density jumps and significant density gradients. The discharge current from adjacent regions with low E/N is redistributed into these zones. Breakdown channels are formed along rarefaction waves, vortices, and discontinuity surfaces between high-electron-density regions.     

高阶不对称体模回旋管Denisov型准光模式变换器（英）

详细研究了Denisov型准光模式变换器的原理和设计方法。应用几何光学理论对Denisov型开口辐射器的工作过程进行了分析,并给出了基于耦合模理论的辐射器不规则扰动段的设计方法。开发了基于耦合模理论、矢量衍射积分和物理光学法的仿真程序GQOMC-D,并将该程序的计算结果与文献报道结果进行了对比验证。利用该程序设计了一种110 GHz TE22,6模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器,仿真结果显示在输出窗上得到了场型较好的高斯波束,其模式纯度为98.4%,模式变换器的能量转换效率为94.7%。     

高阶不对称体模回旋管Denisov型准光模式变换器（英）

详细研究了Denisov型准光模式变换器的原理和设计方法。应用几何光学理论对Denisov型开口辐射器的工作过程进行了分析,并给出了基于耦合模理论的辐射器不规则扰动段的设计方法。开发了基于耦合模理论、矢量衍射积分和物理光学法的仿真程序GQOMC-D,并将该程序的计算结果与文献报道结果进行了对比验证。利用该程序设计了一种110 GHz TE22,6模回旋振荡管准光模式变换器,仿真结果显示在输出窗上得到了场型较好的高斯波束,其模式纯度为98.4%,模式变换器的能量转换效率为94.7%。     

Analyses of two-cavity gyroklystron with feedback

Making use of the linear kinetic theory and the perturbation approach, a gyroklystron with feedback, in which a low order (TE₀₁₁) mode is presented in the bunching cavity by the feedback of the output cavity, and the low order mode in the bunching cavity is coupled by the electron beam to a high order (TE₀₂₁) mode in the output cavity, has been investigated in detail. And electron beam to wave interaction in each cavity and electron bunching mechanism in the bunching cavity have been analysed. The formulas of electron beam to wave interaction power and starting current etc. have been derived. Then some calculations are carried out.     

高功率速调管TE_(11)-HE_(11)模式变换器的设计及实验验证

基于模式匹配法编制了分析内壁刻槽TE11-HE11圆波导模式变换器数值计算程序;采用该程序为工作频率为30.5GHz的高功率速调管设计了一半径为16mm的TE11-HE11模式变换器。计算表明该变换器在2.6%的带宽内转换效率在98.8%以上,实验结果表明该变换器性能良好。     

高功率速调管TE11-HE11模式变换器的设计及实验验证

基于模式匹配法编制了分析内壁刻槽TE11-HE11圆波导模式变换器数值计算程序;采用该程序为工作频率为30.5 GHz的高功率速调管设计了一半径为16 mm的TE11-HE11模式变换器。计算表明该变换器在2.6%的带宽内转换效率在98.8%以上,实验结果表明该变换器性能良好。     

AC space-charge effects in gyroklystron amplifiers

The effects of AC space charge on multicavity gyroklystron amplifiers are studied. It is found that when AC space charge is included in the analysis of weakly relativistic multicavity gyroklystron amplifiers, the optimized nonlinear efficiency becomes a function of beam current. For a cold beam (no velocity spread), the efficiency is maximum at zero current and decreases monotonically as the current increases. The zero current limit of the optimized efficiency when AC space-charge effects are included is not the same as the optimized efficiency with no space charge; it is significantly higher. This behavior is regularized when velocity spread is taken into account; in that case, the nonlinear efficiency increases with beam current until it reaches a maximum, then falls off slowly. The increase in efficiency is attributed to enhanced bunching associated with the saturation of the space-charge instability in the drift region; the reduction in efficiency at high current occurs because space charge induces an additional velocity spread in the beam