Cerebrosides of the Far Eastern sponge Hymeniacidon assimilis

Cerebrosides have been isolated from chloroform-ethanol extract of the spongeHymeniacidon assimilis. Their structures have been established with the aid of¹H NMR spectroscopy, acid hydrolysis, and ozonolysis as the -galactosides of the C₁₆-, C₁₇-, and C₁₈-erythro-⁴-sphingenines of normal, iso, and anteiso structures acylated in the amino groups with C₂₁-, C₂₂-, and C₂₃--hydroxy acids. The cerebrosides fromH. assimilis differ in structure from the corresponding compounds isolated previously from sponges.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 634–639, September–October, 1989.     

Structure and absolute configuration of collutine

Summary A new base with the composition C₂₁H₂₅O₅N, mp 192–194°C, []_D -182°C, which has been called collutine, has been isolated from the epigeal parts ofColchicum luteum Baker.On the basis of UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectra and chemical reactions, the structure of 4-hydroxy-2,3, 6-trimethoxyhomomorphinandienone has been proposed for collutine.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 758–761, November–December, 1975.     

A glucomannan from Arum korolkovii

Summary A glucomannan has been isolated from the tubers ofArum korolkovii Regel. It has been shown that the polysaccharide contains O-acetyl groups and consists mainly of (1 4)--linked aldohexopyranose units of glucose and mannose in a ratio of 1:1.6. The nonreducing ends of the glucomannan are glucose residues, and branching is localized at C₂ and C₃ of mannose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 577–580, September–October, 1976.     

A new component of Artemisia fragrans

A new component C₁₅H₂₂O₃, has been isolated from the epigeal part ofArtemisia fragrans. On the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics it has been established that it has the structure of 1-hydroxy-5,7H,6,11H-eudesm-3,4-en-6,12-olide (I).V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 632–635, September–October, 1990.     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VI. Hernandifoline

Summary A new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₂₉H₃₃O₉N, mp 128–129°C₉ from ether), [] _D ²⁰ – 25° (c 2; ethanol) containing an ester group has been isolated from the herbStephania hernandifolia and has been called hernandifoline.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 158–164, March, 1971.     

Structure of ferulidin: A new sesquiterpene lactone

Conclusions 1. From the roots ofFerula oopoda (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss. a new sesquiterpene lactone C₁₅H₁₈O₄ with mp 170–172° C has been isolated; it has been called ferulidin.2. We have shown that ferulidin has the structure I.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 428–431, 1970     

Structure and configuration of a new diterpenoid lactone fromLagochilus hirsutissimus

The epigeal part of the plantLagochilus hirsutissimus has yielded a new diterpenoid lactone — lagohirsidin, C₂₂H₃₄O₅, mp 144–145°C, [] _D ²² – 17.5° (c 1; ethanol). Reduction with LiAlH₄ has yielded a diol C₂₂H₃₈O₅, mp 165–166°C [] _D ²⁰ –1.2 (c 0.6; ethanol). Acid hydrolysis of the diol has led to the formation of lagochilin, C₂₀H₃₆O₅, mp 167–168°C, [] _D ²⁰ –3.9° (c 1; ethanol). The synthesis of lagohirsidin from lagochilin has been effected.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 788–792, November–December, 1979.     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VII. Hernandine

Summary The epigeal part ofStephania hernandifolia has given a new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₁₉H₂₅O₆N, mp 197–199°C (ethanol), [] _D ²⁰ -33° (c 1.8; ethanol), which has been called hernandine, and for which a partial structure has been proposed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 180–184, March, 1971.     

Cardiac glycosides of Erysimum contractum

The cardenolide composition ofErysimum contractum Somm. et Lew. familyBrassicaceae (Cruciferae) has been investigated. The seeds of this plant have yielded strophanthidin, erysimin, erysimoside, erycordin, and new cardiac glycoside which has been called nigrescigenin digitoxoside. It has mp 141–145°C, []_D ²⁰+16.0±2° (c 0.75; methanol), C₂₉H₄₂O₁₀. On the basis of chemical transformations and spectral investigations it has been established that the new glycoside is 3--D-digitoxopyranosyloxy-5,11,14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5,14-card-20(22)-enolide. The total content of cardiac glycosides in the seeds of this plant amounted to 3.2%, including 1.26% of erysimoside.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Kharkov. G. S. Skovroda Kharkov State Pedagogic Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 58–62, January–February, 1991.     

Alkaloids of Aconitum monticola structure of acomonine

Summary The roots ofAconitum monticola have yielded songorine, songaramine, norsongorine, an amorphous base with the composition C₂₂H₃₅NO₆, a base C₂₂H₃₃NO₆ with mp 166–167°C, a base C₂₂H₃₃NO₅ with mp 161–164°C, and the new alkaloid acomonine. The structure of acomonine has been established on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral properties: It consists of a lycoctonine nucleus with an -hydroxy group at C₃, an -methoxy group at C₁₀,-methoxy groups at C₆ and C₁₅, an -glycol system at C₇ and C₈, and a methoxy group at C₁₉.Institute of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 389–395, May–June, 1975.     

A chemical study ofAngelica sachalinensis Maxim.

Summary The presence of lactones of the coumarin group, consisting of a mixture of 11 components, has been established in the roots ofSakhalinian angelica. From the lactone fraction a new coumarin C₁₈H₁₆O₅ has been isolated which has been given the name sakhalinin and is, apparently, an ester of coumarylethanol, together with -sitosterol.Khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 73–75, 1965     

Biodegradation of aromatic compounds by the yeast-like fungus Trichosporon cutaneum

The biodegradation reactions of veratryl- and guaiacylpropane compounds modeling structural fragments of the lignin macromolecule by the yeast-like fungusTrichosporon cutaneum D-46 have been investigated. It has been shown that the enzyme complex ofT. cutaneum is capable of catalyzing a series of reactions of the biotransformation of arylpropane substrates, namely: oxidation, the cleavage of the C-C bond of the propane chain, demethylation, and decarboxylation. The action of the enzymes was shown most actively in the case of substrates having an unsubstituted phenolic hydroxy group.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk. Institute of Microbiology, Belorussian Academy of Sciences, Minsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 558–564, September–October, 1992.     

A sesquiterpene lactone badkhysinin from the roots ofFerula oopoda

Summary A sesquiterpene lactone with the composition C₂₀H₂₄O₅, mp 104°–105° C, []_D –212.4° C (alcohol) has been isolated from the roots ofFerula oopoda Boiss. and has been called badkhysinin. Badkhysinin is an ester of angelic acid and an epoxyhydroxylactone C₁₅H₁₈O₄ with mp 185°–186° C apparently related to guaianolide with a hydrocarbon skeleton of irregular structure. A number of possible structural formulas for badkhysinin are given.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 93–99, 1966     

Phytoecdysones ofSilene praemixta. I. Silenosterone

In addition to known ecdysteroids (2-deoxy--ecdysone and 2-deoxyecdysterone) fromSilene praemixta (Caryophyllaceae) we have isolated new ones — premixisterone and selenosterone (I), C₂₇H₄₂O₇, mp 115–117°C (from MeOH), [] _D ²⁸ +86.9 ± 2° (c 0.92, MeOH), yield 0.003%. The acetylation of (I) with (CH₃CO)₂O in Py gave 22-acetyl-selenosterone (II), C₂₉H₄₄O₆, mp 210–212°C (MeOH-C₆H₁₄), [] _D ²⁷ +45.5 ± 3° (c 0.16; MeOH). On the basis of physiocochemical and spectral characteristics it has been established that (I) has the structure of 14,22R,25-trihydroxy-5-cholest-7-ene-3,6-dione. The IR, PMR, and mass spectra of (I) and (II) are presented.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 793–797, November–December, 1979.     

Sesquiterpenes of the roots of Inula grandis

Summary The roots ofInula grandis Schrenk has yielded a sesquiterpene lactone C₁₅H₂₀O₃, mp 134–135°C and 270°C, which has been called igalin, and two diols — C₁₅H₂₆O₂ with mp 102–102.5°C and C₁₅H₂₈O₅ with mp 320°C — which have been called igalol and grandol, respectively.Igalol is identical with the diol obtained by the reduction of igalan with sodium borohydride, and has the structure elemane-8,12-diol.The sesquiterpene hydroxy lactone lactone No. 8 has been isolated in the form of an oil and it is now being studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 17–20, January, 1971.     

A new guaianolide — Opoferzin from the roots of Ferula oopoda

A new guaianolide with the composition C₂₀H₂₂O₅, mp 150–152°C, has been isolated from the resin of the roots ofFerula oopoda, (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss. It has been established that it corresponds to the structure of 11-angeloyloxy-2-oxo-5H, 6H-guaia-1(10), 3,7-trien-6,12-olide.V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 318–319, May–June, 1991.