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对能谱分析中光电子能谱重叠的原因做了深入地分析,得出了影响光谱质量在于仪器采样率低等原因,在此基础上重点给出了谱峰分离技术的理论依据──卷积法。利用仪器线型函数去卷积和高斯拟合,计算的结果与实验测量结果的对比表明,卷积法在谱线分离技术中的应用是比较成功的,它能使畸变光谱更接近实际光谱,使计算出的物理量更接近实际值,结果更精确。 相似文献
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高显色白光LED的制备及其变温特性 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
分别用黄色、红色荧光粉和黄色、红色、绿色荧光粉制备了两种高显色指数白光发光二极管(LED),调整荧光粉的比例使显色指数达到最高。对两种样品进行光学测试,发现加绿粉的样品光通量比较大,这是因为加绿粉后绿光成分较多,而绿光的视效函数比红光的大得多。对两种样品进行10℃~90℃的变温测试,发现发光效率都降低,显色指数反而升高。发光效率降低一方面是由芯片的内量子效率降低引起的,另一方面是芯片的发射波长红移使其与荧光粉的激发波长不匹配,并且荧光粉在升温时激发效率会降低。显色指数升高是因为高温时芯片发出的蓝光光谱变宽,使得整个光谱相对于室温时的光谱更平滑,更接近太阳光谱。 相似文献
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气体压力是描述体系状态的重要参数,许多物理、化学性质都与压力有关.传统侵入式的压力测量方法会对气体状态产生干扰,影响测量精度,因此需要一种无扰式的测量方法.本实验测量了压强为2,4和6 atm(1 atm=1.01325×10~5 Pa)下加入气溶胶的N2在90?散射方向的自发瑞利-布里渊散射光谱,利用卷积后的Tenti S6模型对测量光谱进行直接拟合,拟合得到的压强值总体误差小于6.0%,求和归一化的均方根误差总体小于6.5%;利用理想的Tenti S6模型对经维纳滤波器反卷积处理后的测量光谱进行拟合,拟合得到的压强值误差总体小于5.0%,求和归一化的均方根误差总体小于6.0%.通过对两种方法的详细对比,发现压强低于2 atm时,对测量光谱进行反卷积处理在一定程度上可以消除仪器函数的影响,提高测量光谱的准确性,其光谱拟合效果和压强反演精度要优于卷积光谱.而在压强高于2 atm的情况下,卷积光谱的拟合效果和压强反演精度要优于反卷积光谱. 相似文献
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紫外臭氧垂直探测仪高精度在轨光谱定标方法研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为监测及修正紫外臭氧垂直探测仪(SBUS)在发射以及在轨运行过程中的光谱位置的偏移,采用了一种全新的高精度在轨光谱定标方法。利用高分辨率参考光谱与仪器狭缝函数进行卷积,并将卷积结果与修正后的测量光谱进行匹配,建立了相关评价函数,计算参考光谱和测量光谱误差最小时的光谱偏移量。对于SBUS,利用此方法定标得出的光谱偏移量为0.10 nm。利用SBUS星上汞灯光谱验证了定标结果的最大误差为0.01 nm,满足仪器指标要求。实验结果证明了高精度在轨光谱定标方法的可行性及精度。 相似文献
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OH自由基是中高层大气中重要的氧化剂,决定着臭氧以及其他温室气体的浓度变化,甚至气候变化。为了实现中高层大气OH自由基的精细探测与精确反演,需要构造正演模型,模拟得到仪器接收到的大气中的A2Σ+-X2Π(0,0)309nm波段的太阳共振荧光发射信号。本文基于分子光谱能级跃迁理论计算得到OH(0,0)振动能级上的荧光发射率因子g,结合辐射传输模型SCIATRAN模拟出的太阳辐照度和观测视线路径上的OH柱量,模拟出OH荧光发射光谱,叠加上大气背景光谱并卷积仪器函数,最终模拟得到仪器接收的包含OH浓度信息的光谱。模拟结果与国外在轨仪器MAHRSI(Middle Atmosphere High-Resolution Spectrograph Investigation),SHIMMER(Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals)的在轨实测结果一致性较好。还分析了影响模拟结果的因素,在之后的正演过程中加以修正,使正演模型更接近实际辐射传输过程。 相似文献
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一、引 言 傅里叶变换光谱(FourierTransform Spec-troscopy,简称FTS)是以双光束干涉为基础的一种测量光谱的新方法.仪器的简单结构如图1所示.由光源发出的一束光经过双光束干涉仪后,分为两束有一定光程差的相干光束,把它们所产生的干涉图,用计算机进行傅里叶变换后就得到入射光的光谱分布.由于这两束相于光之间的光程差与干涉仪中动镜的运动速度有关,因而探测器所测得的光强是由动镜运动速度调制的.入射光频率不同,对应的调制频率也不同,所以,傅里叶变换光谱仪(下面简称傅氏仪)是一种调制型的光谱仪器.在傅氏仪中最常用的双光束干涉仪是… 相似文献
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木材的种类识别是木材加工和贸易的一个重要环节,传统的木材种类识别方法主要有显微检测法和木材纹理识别法,其操作繁琐,耗时长,成本高,不能满足当前需求。本研究利用木材的近红外光谱(NIRS)结合模式识别方法,以期实现木材种类的快速准确识别。采用近红外光谱结合主成分分析法(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLSDA)和簇类独立软模式法(SIMCA)三种模式识别对58种木材进行种类鉴别研究;5点平滑、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、Savitzky-Golay一阶导数(SG 1st-Der)和小波导数(WD)五种光谱预处理方法用于木材光谱的预处理;校正集和测试集样品的正确识别率(CRR)用于模型的评价。采用PCA方法,通过样品的前三个主成分空间分布图分辨木材种类的聚类情况。在建立PLSDA模型,原始光谱的正确识别率最高,分别为88.2%和88.2%;5点平滑处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为88.1%和88.2%;SNV处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为84.4%和84.5%;MSC处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为83.1%和84.2%;SG 1st-Der处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为81.8%和82.7%;WD(小波基为“Haar”,分解尺度为80)处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为87.3%和87.2%。可知,在PLSDA模型中,木材光谱未经预处理种类识别效果最后好。在建立SIMCA模型过程中,原始光谱的校正集和测试集的CRR分别为99.7%和99.4%;5点平滑处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为100%和100%;SNV处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为99.5%和99.1%;MSC处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为99.0%和98.4%;SG 1st-Der的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为81.8%和82.7%;WD处理的光谱校正集和测试集的CRR分别为100%和100%。可知,在SIMCA模型中,木材光谱经平滑和小波导数处理后的识别效果最好,且光谱的校正集和测试集CRR都为100%。采用三种模式结合五种不同的预处理方法对木材近红外光谱进行定性建模识别时,由于木材样本属性复杂,主成分分布图相互交织,PCA无法识别出58种木材;原始光谱的PLSDA模型可以得到较好的判别模型,但校正集和测试集的CRR只有88.2%和88.2%;木材光谱经过5点平滑或WD预处理后的SIMCA模型可达到最好的识别效果,校正集和测试集的CRR均为100%,且WD-SIMCA模型因子数比5点平滑SIMCA模型小,模型更为简化,故WD-SIMCA为58种木材种类识别的最优模型。研究表明光谱预处理方法可以有效的提高木材种类识别精度,有监督模式识别方法SIMCA可以用来建立有效的木材识别模型,近红外光谱结合模式识别可以为木材种类的识别提供一种快速简便的分析方法。 相似文献
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敞口消解ICP-MS同时测定北京地区环境尘土样品中痕量铂、铑、钯的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
研究了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定土样中痕量铂、铑、钯的分析方法。比较几种尘土样品的消解处理方法,采用王水加热回流来消解样品。优化了样品测量条件,并研究了干扰情况和消除干扰的方法。所建立的方法的精密度、线性关系良好,在优化的实验条件下Pt,Pd,Rh的检出限分别为0.48,4.22和0.42 ng·g-1,样品的加标回收率分别为Pt 87.6%~88%,Pd 85.2%~87.8%和Rh 93%~95%。将建立的方法应用于环境尘土样品的测定,回收率在85%以上,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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Experimental study on age and gender differences in microscopic movement characteristics of students
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《中国物理 B》2021,30(9):98902-098902
Campus security has aroused many concerns from the whole society. Stampede is one of the most frequent and influential accidents in campus. Studies on pedestrian dynamics especially focusing on students are essential for campus security, which are helpful to improve facility design and emergency evacuation strategy. In this paper, primary and middle school students were recruited to participate in the single-file experiments. The microscopic movement characteristics,including walking speed, headway, gait characteristics(step length, step frequency and swaying amplitude) and their relations were investigated. Age and gender differences in the headway-speed diagram and space requirements were analyzed by statistical tests. The results indicated that the impacts of age and gender were significant. There were three stages for the influence of gender on the headway-speed diagram for both age groups. The impacts on students' space requirements were consistent for different age and gender groups. But the impacts of age and gender on free-flow speed were affected by each other. Due to the connection of walking speed and gait characteristics, the comparisons of gait characteristics between different ages and genders were performed to understand the corresponding differences in speed more deeply. The results showed that differences in step length and swaying amplitude between males and females were significant for both age groups. The effect of gender on step frequency was significant for primary students. But for middle school students,whether gender had significant impact on step frequency was not clear here because of the large P-value. Besides, the influence of age on gait characteristics changed with gender. 相似文献
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微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蜂花粉中铅、镉和铜 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立蜂花粉中铅、镉和铜3种重金属含量的测定方法。采用浓硝酸和过氧化氢(体积比4:1)混合液对样品进行微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉和铜的含量。该方法对花粉样品中铅、镉和铜测定的加标回收率分别为93.3%、101.0%和99.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.1%、6.0%和3.0%,准确度和精密度良好。本法用微波溶样,石墨炉原子光谱法测定铅、镉和铜,具有简便快速、灵敏准确,重复性好的特点,并且节省试剂、污染少。该法可为蜂花粉质量控制提供方法参考。 相似文献
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Relations among temporal acuity, hearing loss, and the perception of speech distorted by noise and reverberation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eight normal listeners and eight listeners with sensorineural hearing losses were compared on a gap-detection task and on a speech perception task. The minimum detectable gap (71% correct) was determined as a function of noise level, and a time constant was computed from these data for each listener. The time constants of the hearing-impaired listeners were significantly longer than those of the normal listeners. The speech consisted of sentences that were mixed with two levels of noise and subjected to two kinds of reverberation (real or simulated). The speech thresholds (minimum signal-to-noise ratio for 50% correct) were significantly higher for the hearing-impaired listeners than for the normal listeners for both kinds of reverberation. The longer reverberation times produced significantly higher thresholds than the shorter times. The time constant was significantly correlated with all the speech threshold measures (r = -0.58 to -0.74) and a measure of hearing threshold loss also correlated significantly with all the speech thresholds (r = 0.53 to 0.95). A principal components analysis yielded two factors that accounted for the intercorrelations. The factor loadings for the time constant were similar to those on the speech thresholds for real reverberation and the loadings for hearing loss were similar to those of the thresholds for simulated reverberation. 相似文献
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The tradeoff relation between exposure intensity and duration for constant hearing loss was investigated in two series of experiments using Mongolian gerbils. The gerbils were exposed to a 1/3 octave band of noise at 2.5 kHz. In the first series animals were exposed to 120 dB SPL for 1 h, to 126 dB SPL for 15 min, and to 126 dB SPL for 3.75 min. In the second series, shorter durations were used: 120 dB SPL for 15 min, 126 dB SPL for 3.75 min, and 126 dB SPL for 56 s. The hearing thresholds were determined behaviorally immediately before exposure and 6 weeks after exposure. The results suggest that the intensity-time tradeoff for the investigated intensity interval is between 1.5 and 3 dB per halving of the duration. 相似文献