遗传算法优化变分模态分解提取舰船辐射噪声特征线谱方法

特征线谱提取是舰船目标识别的一个重要研究环节,常采用传统的DEMON谱分析方法,处理过程中,一般对舰船噪声时域信号未予抑噪,低信噪比情况下,传统DEMON谱分析性能差。对此,提出一种采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解方法,用于分解舰船噪声原时域信号,获得抑制噪声后的舰船噪声重构信号,进而有效提取了舰船目标噪声幅度调制特征线谱。该方法首先采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解的两个关键输入参数(分解所取模态个数和惩罚因子),对变分模态分解得到的各阶固有模态分量加以判别,去除噪声主导分量,保留信号主导分量,使重构舰船噪声信号显著抑制了干扰噪声,然后对降噪后的重构信号进行频谱分析,获得目标噪声调制特征线谱。理论分析、仿真和实验数据处理结果表明,相比传统DEMON谱分析法,基于遗传算法优化变分模态分解的舰船噪声特征线谱提取方法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,所获取的舰船噪声幅度调制特征线谱信噪比明显高于传统DEMON方法,具有一定优势,前景良好。     

建筑结构间耦合损耗因子测量的新方法

本文提出了一种新的耦合损耗因子测量方法：声强法。声强法利用结构声强技术测量的耦合处功率流计算耦会损耗因子。严格地说，声强法是一种近似测量方法。本文以三种常见的典型耦合结构为例，实验证明了在大多数情况下，声强法的近似误差很小，可以略去不计；声强法测量的耦合损耗因子与传统的能级差法测量的耦合损耗因子是“相等”的，它们都具有“相同”的测量精度。声强法与能级差法是“等效”的耦会损耗因子测量方法。     

加肋板稳态简谐响应的粘弹性阻尼控制研究

应用模态叠加法研究了用粘弹性阻尼控制加筋板的稳态简谐响应。考察了在板上加自由阻尼层和加粘弹性梁的情况，分析了阻尼材料损耗因子、阻尼层厚度以及粘弹性梁剖面尺寸对结构响应的影响。对３种阻尼处理情况进行了比较。结构的幅频特性表明，粘弹性材料能够有效地控制结构的共振响应。     

小型风机叶片结构损伤识别实验模拟研究

搭建小型风机叶片振动检测实验平台,采集风机叶片振动响应数据,利用自互功率谱法辨别叶片损伤前后的模态参数,通过实验数据对比风机叶片损伤前后固有频率的变化,当风机叶片发生损伤时,其各阶固有频率会下降,且随着损伤程度的增加,各阶固有频率的下降幅度越大,并利用轴向振型差法对叶片损伤进行了定位,在实验室条件下完成了风机叶片结构损伤的识别。     

基于拟合衰减差自补偿的分布式光纤温度传感器

针对斯托克斯光和反斯托克斯光的本质损耗、附加损耗使分布式光纤温度传感器产生测温误差的问题,通过对分布式光纤温度传感器的温度解调原理的研究,提出了拟合斯托克斯光与反斯托克斯光之间衰减差的方法实现温度自补偿,以此减小测温误差.以传感光纤上不同位置的两部分作为参考段和测温段,参考段的光信号作为测温段拟合多阶衰减差和解调温度的参量,通过引入多阶拟合结果解调温度,减小因斯托克斯光和反斯托克斯光的本质损耗、附加损耗导致的温度误差,实现温度的初步修正.改变光纤上同一位置的温度,取3组不同温度值及对应信号值计算引入拟合衰减差前后的瑞利噪声,分析了瑞利噪声与光纤长度和温度的关系,通过引入拟合衰减差消除瑞利噪声,减小了斯托克斯光和反斯托克斯光的本质损耗、附加损耗导致的瑞利噪声误差,实现温度的再次修正.分析比较多阶衰减差拟合结果对测温误差以及消除瑞利噪声的影响,获得最优拟合阶次.在拟合因参考段的附加损耗而导致的测温段的附加误差后,通过拟合结果进行温度补偿,完成了最终温度修正.实验结果表明,在30-90℃,引入一阶线性拟合结果的温度修正效果最好,经过三次修正后,测温误差从10.50℃降低至0.90℃.     

阻尼受击板的时域建模及声音合成

为满足声源辨识中对合成冲击声的迫切需求,建立了球-板撞击的时域模型,提出一种时域快速求解方法,并进行了实验验证.首先给出一种将时域有限差分法(FDTD)和模态展开法(MEM)相结合的时域混合方法,求解板的振动方程,并解决了混合方法中MEM的模态截断和初值问题,及两种方法中阻尼的一致性问题;随后,给出了简支矩形板的冲击声计算结果,通过与FDTD方法的运算量进行对比,验证了混合方法的高效性;最后,针对自由边界下的L形板进行了实验验证.结果表明,与传统FDTD方法相比,时域混合方法在保证合成冲击声精度的前提下可将计算效率提高100至1200倍。      

无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播模式和衰减

在Kelvin-Voigt线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减。通过一个复根搜索程序对频散方程的求解得到无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线。比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性。给出了圆柱管的外内径之比、损耗因子和材料参数对相速度和衰减的影响。分析结果表明与弹性圆柱管相比粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的各阶传播模式均存在衰减,高阶传播模式并无严格意义的截止频率。损耗因子对第一阶传播模式的相速度影响很小,而对衰减的影响则比较大,穿孔率对波传播的相速度和衰减有相当大的影响。     

浅海环境中基于模态衰减规律加权的子空间检测方法

研究了使用垂直线列阵情况下,浅海环境中的模态空间检测器(modal space detector, MSD)的检测性能.推导了MSD的处理增益,结果表明其处理增益随波导环境中传播模态数的增多而减小,进而其检测性能也随之下降.利用各阶模态深度函数之间的正交性,将MSD分解为若干阶模态子空间检测器(modal subspace detector, MSSD).推导了各阶MSSD的处理增益,发现其随各阶模态衰减系数的增大而减小.根据各阶模态的衰减规律设计加权系数,提出一种加权模态子空间检测器(weighted modal subspace detector,WMSSD).以处理增益作为比较参量,通过理论和仿真实验分析了声源位置和声速剖面对WMSSD检测性能的影响.结果表明:1)当声源位于负梯度声速波导的近海面区域和正梯度声速波导的近海底区域时,由于低阶模态深度函数存在反转点, WMSSD的处理增益弱于MSD,而当声源位于其他大部分观测区域时,WMSSD的处理增益都优于或显著优于MSD; 2)在等声速梯度波导中,各阶模态深度函数不存在反转点,在所有观测区域WMSSD的处理增益都显著优于MSD.     

基于小波变换的激光水下测距

提出一种基于小波变换思想的水下测距方法.根据信号的能量一致性以及小波的带通滤波特性,并以二元样条插值为架构,实现信号的时频结合.该方法先将时域信号进行小波时域分解滤波,获得较为完整的时域有效信息,然后对初步处理的时域信号进行小波频域分解,通过找寻信号时频域对应的能量最值位置锁定目标,实现精确测距目的.进行不同衰减长度水体的连续光水下测距实验,分析该方法对连续光水下探测的影响.经实验验证,该测距方法在输出功率2.3 W内,成功实现对8个衰减长度内目标的准确测量,其测距精度小于1 cm.     

基于POD模态分解的液环泵瞬态气液两相流分析

针对液环泵内气液两相流动的复杂时空规律,采用本征正交分解(POD)方法对其瞬态气液两相流场进行特征分解,分析其相态场、速度场的空间基模态特征及模态系数的时域特征,建立非定常流场降阶模型,并对流场进行预测分析.结果表明POD方法可实现对液环泵内复杂流场的时空解耦分析,相态场及速度场的各阶模态系数在时域内的变化能够反映各阶...     

Estimation of frequency-averaged loss factors by the power injection and the impulse response decay methods

This paper describes a comparison, both analytically and experimentally, between two widely used loss factor estimation techniques frequently used in statistical energy analysis. Analytical models of simple spring/mass/damper systems were created to compare frequency-averaged loss factor values from the single subsystem power injection method and the impulse response decay method. The parameters of the analytical models were varied to study the effects of the total number of modes, amount of damping, location of modes within frequency bands, and the width of the frequency bands on loss factor estimation. The analytical study shows that both methods give accurate loss factor values as long as the damping values remain realistic for linear systems and at least one modal resonance is present in each frequency band. These analytical results were verified experimentally by measuring the loss factors of simple steel plates, with and without damping treatments applied.     

On the estimation of loss factors in lightly damped pipeline systems: Some measurement techniques and their limitations

Two alternative digital techniques for measuring modal and band averaged internal loss factors in lightly damped pipeline systems are described. In the first the attenuation of the amplitude of each resonance in the frequency domain is monitored at specific time intervals after removal of the excitation source. This is achieved by amplitude tracking specific spectral components in the transformed signal. The second method involves the usage of constant bandwidth random noise burst excitation. The decaying response signal is subsequently digitally filtered and averaged. Both techniques produce reliable estimates and generally provide lower loss factors than would otherwise be obtained by existing techniques such as the steady state power flow technique. They also allow for in situ estimation via the power balance equation. Furthermore, amplitude tracking can provide information about possible coupling between groups of modes, and the subsequent energy transfer between them. The experiments show that when a resonant mode is capable of energy exchange, its loss factor varies depending on how it is excited.     

某稳瞄转塔结构的有限元模态分析与试验验证

结构动态效应是影响稳瞄系统稳定精度的关键因素。目前有限元模态分析与试验模态分析结合的方法是分析结构动力学特性的最有效途径之一。以某型稳瞄具两轴四框架结构为研究对象,首先利用有限元方法进行了模态预分析。根据仿真结果获取的振型特征,对两轴四框架的外环进行模态测试,给出了前8阶模态的固有频率、振型和模态阻尼比。模态仿真与测试的结果相互验证表明:有限元仿真可实现两轴四框架结构固有频率相对误差小于15%的精度要求,在测点密度足够的条件下振型相关性良好。     

大口径光学元件中频波前的检测

大口径光学元件中频波前的准确评价已成为高功率激光系统中关注的焦点,元件中频波前均方根值是重要评价指标之一。根据波前中频检测频段及波前检测设备频响特性,将波前的中频区域分为两个检测频段,分别采用干涉仪和光学轮廓仪实现了中频波前均方根值的检测。采用大口径干涉仪可实现全口径波前中频区域低频段波前的检测,通过比对大口径干涉仪和采用小口径干涉仪结合分块融合平均方法的检测结果,提出采用分块融合平均方法也可检测相应频段全口径波前均方根。采用光学轮廓仪通过离散采样的方法检测大口径元件中频区域高频段波前均方根,针对不同离散采样方式的实验结果表明:33的采样方式能满足对410 mm410 mm口径元件中频区域高频段波前均方根的检测。     

Time domain identification of standing wave parameters in gas piping systems

A method for experimentally determining the natural frequencies and modal pressures of an air or gas piping system is presented. Such information is of interest in installations where pressure pulsations caused by pumps or compressors are of importance. In the method a time domain based technique is used which was originally developed as an alternative to frequency response methods for determining the vibration parameters (natural frequencies, modes, damping factors) of structures, to avoid difficulties often encountered in interpreting complex and non-conclusive frequency response data such as arises from systems having numerous modes, some of which may be highly damped or closely spaced in frequency. In this application, a straight steel pipe with a sound source at one end and closed at the other end was used. Two microphones were used to measure the pressure at two locations in the pipe. The free pressure response following a rapidly swept sinewave input was recorded, digitized and then used in a computational procedure based on a lumped parameter representation of the system. The natural frequencies and the corresponding modal pressure ratios at the two stations, thus obtained, are compared with mention here that although in the experiment reported here an external frequency sweep excitation was used, the technique works as well with free decay response after a system shut-off, impulse response or random responses from normal system operation.     

On the dynamic response at the wheel axle of a pneumatic tire

A method for calculating the steady state displacement response and force transmission at the wheel axle of a pneumatic tire-suspension system due to a steady state force or displacement excitation at the tire to ground contact point is developed. The method requires the frequency responses (or receptances)_of both tire-wheel and suspension units. The frequency response of the tire-wheel unit is obtained by using the modal expansion method. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tire-wheel unit are obtained by using a geometrically non-linear, ring type, thin shell finite element of laminate composite. The frequency response of the suspension unit is obtained analytically. These frequency responses are used to calculate the force-input and the displacement-input responses at the wheel axle. This method allows the freedom of designing a vehicle and its tires independently and still achieving optimum dynamic performance.     

Frequency average loss factors of plates and shells

This paper describes a thorough investigation of the measurement of frequency band average loss factors of structural components for use in the statistical energy analysis (SEA) method of computation of vibration levels. The “traditional” method of measurement is to excite the structure by a random force having a flat spectral density in the frequency band of interest. The force is then cut off and the decay of the modes excited in the band is noted. The average loss factor is deduced from the decay curve. The alternative energy method is the subject of this study. In this test the power input from the band limited random force is measured and the spatial average vibration level of the structure is estimated from several surface accelerometers. It is shown that when the modes in the band have similar loss factors (as is usually the case) the energy method gives a result which is very close to that obtained from the decay method. These in turn are close to the arithmetic average of the loss factors of the individual modes in the band. It is shown that only when the band contains one or two very lightly damped modes amongst several more heavily damped modes is there a difference between the two methods. In this case it is better to use the energy result in the SEA calculations.     

水中矩形板的共振声辐射

研究共振声辐射理论(Resonance Radiation Theory:RRT)在水中矩形板的应用。导出了矩形板的共振声辐射公式、并数值验证了其适用性。深入分析了有流体负荷矩形板的复共振频率的物理意义及其与导纳留数、模态辐射率的关系,复共振频率的实部表示实际共振频率,虚部反映模态辐射能力。根据复共振频率容易找到辐射能力相对较强的模态,为有针对性控制声辐射提供了新的思路。鉴于复平面搜根求解模态复共振频率的困难,针对矩形板的特点提出了一种求解复共振频率及留数的快速方法。结合该方法及RRT,提出了一种快速计算辐射声功率的方法,数值验证表明该方法精度高、速度快。      

Vibration and damping analysis of annular plates with constrained damping layer treatments

The natural frequencies and modal loss factors of annular plates with fully and partially constrained damping treatments are considered. The equations of free vibration of the plate including the transverse shear effects are derived by a discrete layer annular finite element method. The extensional and shear moduli of the viscoelastic material layer are described by the complex quantities. Complex eigenvalues are then found numerically, and from these, both frequencies and loss factors are extracted. The effects of viscoelastic layer stiffness and thickness, constraining layer stiffness and thickness, and treatment size on natural frequencies and modal loss factors are presented. Numerical results also show that the longer constrained damping treatment in radial length does not always provide better damping than the shorter ones.     

Vibration of a two layered ring on periodic radial supports

Natural frequencies of a two layered elastic ring, on equi-spaced, identical radial supports, are obtained by using a wave approach. Two types of support conditions are investigated. With the outer layer viscoelastic, the theory of forced damped normal modes is used to obtain the resonant frequencies and the modal loss factors of the structure. Results presented show the effect of the thickness ratio on the resonant frequency and the modal loss factor. The effect of rotational constraints at the supports is also reported.