基于量子Fisher信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态,对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明;比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

基于量子Fisher信息测量的实验多体纠缠刻画

量子Fisher信息在量子度量与量子信息领域的研究中至关重要,然而在实验中的提取却十分棘手,尤其是对于大尺度的量子系统.这里我们发展了利用测量量子态间重叠的方式来高效提取量子Fisher信息的方法,对于纯态而言,这种方法只需要在量子系统中引入一个额外的辅助比特并施加单次测量即可实现.相对于以往的量子Fisher信息提取方法,需要更少由测量带来的时间资源消耗,因此高效且具有扩展性.我们将这种方法应用于经历量子相变的三体相互作用系统中多体纠缠的刻画,并使用核磁共振量子模拟器实验展示了该方案的可行性.     

多量子比特WV纠缠态在Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick模型下的量子Fisher信息

量子Fisher信息在参数估计理论和量子精密测量领域扮演着非常重要的角色,不仅可以用来标定量子系统的测量精度极限,还可用于有益量子计量的纠缠态判定.本文从量子测量的角度出发,对多比特WV态(α|W_N>+(1-α²)^1/2|00...0>)进行研究,通过计算其在局域操作下和Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG)非局域操作模型下的量子Fisher信息,分析其在精密测量方面的表现.研究发现:在局域操作下,随着参数α由0到1的变化,多比特WV态的量子Fisher信息逐渐变大,表明其量子纠缠程度在不断增加,也体现出更强的量子测量能力.在LMG非局域操作下,随着相互作用强度γ的增大,N=3量子比特WV态的量子Fisher信息值趋于稳定,几乎不受参数α的影响,而当体系量子比特数N> 3时,量子Fisher信息值会随参数α的变大而变大;当参数α固定时,多比特WV态的量子Fisher信息会随着相互作用强度γ的增强而变大,呈现出相互作用强度越大,WV态的量子测量能力越强.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

基于部分测量增强量子隐形传态过程的量子Fisher信息

量子Fisher信息(QFI)是量子度量学中的一个重要物理量,可给出预估参数精度的最优值.本文研究如何引入弱测量和测量反转操作,来提高有限温环境下以Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态作为量子通道的隐形传态过程中的QFI.依据隐形传态过程中量子比特的传输情形,考虑了三种不同方案相应的QFI.首先,通过构造每种量子隐形传态方案的量子线路图,分析了QFI与推广振幅衰减噪声参数的变化关系.随后对各种方案中的受噪声粒子施加弱测量和测量反转操作,并对相应的部分测量参数进行优化,着重探讨了施加最优部分测量操作后QFI的改进量.结果表明,经过优化后的部分测量操作能有效提高有限温环境下量子隐形传态过程输出态的QFI;而且量子系统所处的环境温度越低,QFI的提高效果可越显著.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

基于量子Fisher信息的耗散相互作用光-物质耦合常数的估计

量子参数估计在量子度量学中有着重要的应用,量子Cramer-Rao下界表明量子参数估计精度极限与量子Fisher信息是直接相关的.本文利用量子参数估计理论对光场与原子失谐很大(大失谐)的Jaynes-Cummings模型耦合常数进行估计.制备探测初态为Qubit系统与光场的直积态,光场分别为Fock态、热态和相干态,分别计算了这三种探测态经大失谐Jaynes-Cummings模型哈密顿量演化后复合系统以及Qubit和光场系统的量子Fisher信息.通过分析发现,复合系统的量子Fisher信息随平均光子数单调递增,Qubit基态与激发态的等权叠加态为最优探测态,此时量子Fisher信息达到最大值;当探测态的光场为Fock态和热态时,关于被估计参数的信息都包含于Qubit系统;对于大失谐Jaynes-Cummings模型耦合常数的估计,光场为热态或相干态时耦合常数的估计精度高于光场为Fock态时的精度.     

光与物质相互作用系统中的量子Fisher信息和自旋压缩

Fisher信息是估计理论中的重要概念,最近发现与量子信息中的纠缠判据具有密切联系.非旋波近似条件下,Dicke模型经典相空间表现为混沌动力学特征.本文详细考察了Dicke模型描述的光与物质相互作用系统中量子Fisher信息和自旋压缩动力学特性.结果表明:在短时瞬态情况下,无论初态处于规则区域还是混沌区域系统均表现为纠缠性质;但在长时稳态情况下,初态处于规则区域时系统纠缠消失,而初态处于混沌区域时系统则一直存在纠缠.通过与系统自旋压缩动力学性质相比较,发现量子Fisher信息可以更有效地刻画量子混沌.进一步考察初态处于规则和混沌区域时系统密度矩阵和纯度的动力学演化特性,发现混沌导致系统退相干现象发生,说明量子Fisher信息对混沌更敏感.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的量子Fisher信息与混沌

量子Fisher信息作为经典Fisher信息的自然推广,与量子信息中的纠缠判断具有密切联系.在表现为典型量子混沌特征的受击两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中,研究了与经典相空间对应的纠缠和量子Fisher信息动力学性质. 结果表明,初次撞击后的系统量子态是纠缠的,与初态所处相空间中的混乱程度无关.而量子Fisher信息的动力学演化对系统初态非常敏感,当初态处于混沌区域时,量子Fisher信息值比初态处于规则区域时大.利用这种较好的量子-经典对应关系,得到量子Fisher信息可以刻画量子混沌的结论. 关键词： 量子Fisher信息 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 量子混沌 量子-经典对应     

量子信息与计算

量子信息与计算是物理学目前研究的热门领域,本文简要地介绍量子计算的一些基本概念：量子纠缠、量子位、量子寄存器、量子并行计算和量子纠错,并介绍两种典型的量子信息技术：量子密码和量子传物。     

Chaos and quantum Fisher information in the quantum kicked top

Quantum Fisher information is related to the problem of parameter estimation.Recently,a criterion has been proposed for entanglement in multipartite systems based on quantum Fisher information.This paper studies the behaviours of quantum Fisher information in the quantum kicked top model,whose classical correspondence can be chaotic.It finds that,first,detected by quantum Fisher information,the quantum kicked top is entangled whether the system is in chaotic or in regular case.Secondly,the quantum Fisher information is larger in chaotic case than that in regular case,which means,the system is more sensitive in the chaotic case.     

Quantum Fisher Information for Density Matrices with Arbitrary Ranks

We provide a new expression of the quantum Fisher information （QFI） for a general system. Utilizing this expression, the QFI for a non-full rank density matrix is only determined by its support. This expression can bring convenience for an infinite-dimensional density matrix with a finite support. Besides, a matrix representation of the QFI is also given.     

Quantum Fisher Information Gap for Systems with Nonlinear Hamiltonians

Quantum Fisher information(QFI) gap characterizes the stability of QFI to space directions. We study the QFI distributions and QFI gap for quantum states generated from nonlinear Hamiltonians for both spin and bosonic systems. We find that the same spin-squeezing parameter(or principle squeezing parameter) corresponds to two different values QFI gap, and the locations of all extreme points of the QFI are explicitly given.     

A comparative study of local quantum Fisher information and local quantum uncertainty in Heisenberg XY model

Recently, it has been shown that the quantum Fisher information via local observables and via local measurements (i.e., local quantum Fisher information (LQFI)) is a central concept in quantum estimation and quantum metrology and captures the quantumness of correlations in multi-component quantum system (Kim et al. (2018) [28]). This new discord-like measure is very similar to the quantum correlations measure called local quantum uncertainty (LQU). In the present study, we have revealed that LQU is bounded by LQFI in the phase estimation protocol. Also, a comparative study between these two quantum correlations quantifiers is addressed for the quantum Heisenberg XY model. Two distinct situations are considered. The first one concerns the anisotropic XY model and the second situation concerns isotropic XY model submitted to an external magnetic field. Our results confirm that LQFI reveals more quantum correlations than LQU.     

Quantum metrology with coherent superposition of two different coded channels

We investigate the advantage of coherent superposition of two different coded channels in quantum metrology. In a continuous variable system, we show that the Heisenberg limit 1/N can be beaten by the coherent superposition without the help of indefinite causal order. And in parameter estimation, we demonstrate that the strategy with the coherent superposition can perform better than the strategy with quantum SWITCH which can generate indefinite causal order. We analytically obtain the general form of estimation precision in terms of the quantum Fisher information and further prove that the nonlinear Hamiltonian can improve the estimation precision and make the measurement uncertainty scale as 1/Nm for m ≥ 2. Our results can help to construct a high-precision measurement equipment, which can be applied to the detection of coupling strength and the test of time dilation and the modification of the canonical commutation relation.     

Photonic quantum information processing

Information processing with light is ubiquitous, from communication, metrology and imaging to computing. When we consider light as a quantum mechanical object, new ways of information processing become possible. In this review I give an overview of how quantum information processing can be implemented with single photons, and what hurdles still need to be overcome to implement the various applications in practice. I will place special emphasis on the quantum mechanical properties of light that make it different from classical light, and how these properties relate to quantum information processing tasks.     

Improving the teleportation of quantum Fisher information under non-Markovian environment

Quantum teleportation is designed to send an unknown quantum state between two parties. In the perspective of remote quantum metrology, one may be interested in teleporting the information that is encoded by physical parameters synthesized by quantum Fisher information (QFI). However, the teleported QFI is often destroyed by the unavoidable interaction between the system and the environment. Here, we propose two schemes to improve the teleportation of QFI in the non-Markovian environment. One is to control the quantum system through the operations of weak measurement (WM) and corresponding quantum measurement reversal (QMR). The other is to modify the quantum system based on the monitoring result of the environment (i.e., environment-assisted measurement, EAM). It is found that, in the non-Markovian environment, these two schemes can improve the teleportation of QFI. By selecting the appropriate strengths of WM and QMR, the environment noise can be completely eliminated and the initial QFI is perfectly teleported. A comprehensive comparison shows that the second scheme not only has a higher probability of success than the first one, but also has a significant improvement of the teleported QFI.