非均匀3色激光场波形优化产生阿秒脉冲

为了获得最佳谐波发射的非均匀激光波形,采用求解薛定谔方程的方法,寻找了正负非均匀效应下三色激光场的最佳波形.结果表明,在正负非均匀效应下,分别选择最佳的正向和负向激光波形可以获得最佳延伸效果的高次谐波光谱.最后,在谐波平台区通过傅里叶变换可得到脉宽为43 as的脉冲.     

时-空域波形优化延伸高次谐波截止能量的研究

在高次谐波发射三步模型的指导下,理论研究了三色场时-空域波形调控对谐波截止能量的影响．在时域调控下,通过改变三束激光场的强度比、相位和延迟时间获得了最佳的三色场时域波形．在该波形下,谐波截止能量得到最佳延伸．在空间调控下,在上述最佳波形的基础上选择适当的正向激光非均匀效应后,谐波截止能量得到了进一步延伸．并且,随着非均匀参数增大,谐波截止能量也可持续增大．通过分析激光波形、空间非均匀效应和谐波发射过程给出了谐波截止能量延伸的原因．并且,通过叠加部分谐波可获得脉宽为45as的单个脉冲．     

耦合阻抗单阶跃变型相对论返波管的研究

 建立了非均匀耦合阻抗相对论返波管的非线性理论,模型中计及了慢波结构两端口对电磁波的反射效应,正向波基波与注电子的非同步互作用效应。应用全电磁粒子模拟程序对器件中注波互作用过程及性能进行了数值模拟和优化,报道了X波段耦合阻抗单阶跃变型相对论返波管实验结果。     

基于焦平面归一化响应特性的红外非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪音是制约红外成像质量的主要因素,非均匀性校正是红外焦平面器件应用的一个关键技术.本文提出了一种基于焦平面归一化响应特性且易于实现的非均匀性校正算法,并基于像元分布的卡方直方图提出一种新的图像非均匀性评估方法,即校正比例.该方法的校正输出考虑了每个像元的观测值与焦平面的响应信号的平均值,校正参量通过将像元的输出与其理想校正结果之间的偏差用焦平面响应的平均值建立联系而计算得到.提出的校正比例兼顾考虑了焦平面响应的时间与空间特性,比现有的图像非均匀性评估方法更能合理衡量焦平面的非均匀性程度.多种非均匀性校正的评价数据以及实验结果表明,该算法的校正效果优于两点校正法与原值拟合二阶校正法,并对于响应异常的像元具有较强的校正能力.此外其校正准确度高,所需参量少,易于实时处理,具有较强的实用价值.     

光纤中的电磁对偶变换与导波的模式分析

讨论了麦克斯韦方程在各向同性均匀电介质中的电磁对偶变换不变性,定义了电磁混合比,求出了对偶场的充要条件.把上述不变性和充要条件应用于阶跃光纤,分析其导波模式,证明在非轴对称情况下,阶跃光纤中不存在具有色散的受导简正模.存在的解只有临界折射模(n=n₂时的特解).求出了它的分立频谱.受导简正模只存在于轴对称情况中.以上结论与实验事实不矛盾,并由此解释了基模的特性 关键词： 光纤光学 光波导 电磁对偶变换 受导波     

闪烁光激励下大芯径阶跃光纤系统的时间响应研究

 引入材料色散和漏泄模式光线的传输效应,对D. Gloge多模光纤脉冲响应公式进行修正,利用修正后公式数值计算了在闪烁光激励下纤芯半径为0.1 mm、长50 m的石英阶跃光纤的冲击响应波形,该波形近似一高斯函数,半高宽为3 ns,前沿比后沿慢0.8 ns,且后沿存在拖尾。用该响应波形通过数值方法得到了闪烁体-光纤系统时间响应波形,与实验结果相比较,两者基本吻合。     

EMD算法在低温超导瞬变电磁噪声抑制中的应用

瞬变电磁信号具有较宽的频谱,为使得超导瞬变电磁信号的接收不产生失真,要求接收信号的超导传感器具有足够高的带宽(100kHz以上),而接收高带宽信号会导致信号的噪声峰峰值变大,传统的滤波(模拟、数字)方法易造成衰减曲线畸变.基于数据驱动的经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)算法能够根据信号本身特性对其进行信号分解和分量选择,具有自适应和不产生波形畸变的特点.本文采用EMD算法分别对数值模拟和野外实测的超导瞬变电磁信号进行EMD滤波处理和分析,结果表明,EMD可以显著压制瞬变电磁信号衰减曲线中的宽频带噪声且波形无畸变.经过EMD滤波的超导瞬变电磁与原始信号相比,信号衰减时间显著延长(从5ms延长至50ms),表明EMD算法能够极大提高瞬变电磁方法对地下深部信息的探测能力.     

局部激励法产生靶波来消除螺旋波

提出采用局部激励方法产生靶波来消除抑制激发介质中的漂移(和稳定的)螺旋波．通过在系统中任意选择一个格点进行采样，将采样格点信号反馈到系统局部区域可产生一个稳定的靶波．数值计算表明：该方法可以消除均匀和非均匀介质(扩散系数随时间或空间变化)中的螺旋波(稳定旋转的螺旋波和漂移的螺旋波)，并且对于时空噪声具有一定的抗干扰性．     

格林互易定理在求解均匀带电圆环的静电势分布中的应用

对于静电场,由普遍的格林互易定理得出特殊情形下的格林互易定理.应用该定理推导出均匀带电圆环的数种在形式上互不相同的静电势分布解式.     

不均匀场下空间编码超快速高分辨NMR研究进展

二维核磁共振(2D NMR)的提出和发展,为NMR技术的研究和应用提供了广阔的空间. 然而当样品或磁场本身不均匀时,高分辨的2D NMR谱难以获得. 此外,常规2D NMR实验通常需要长的采样时间. 空间编码超快速采样方法利用空间编码技术,只需单次扫描即可获得2D甚至多维NMR谱,极大地缩短了采样时间. 目前相位补偿、相干转移和分子间多量子相干等技术与空间编码技术相结合,已成功实现不均匀场下超快速获得高分辨NMR谱. 该文对不均匀场下空间编码超快速NMR方法进行了介绍,对其未来发展进行了展望.     

Open rotor tone scattering

This paper describes a method for calculating the scattering of open rotor tones by an adjacent surface such as the aircraft fuselage or wing. This is of practical importance because shielding by these structures could be used to significantly reduce community noise levels. In the first part of this paper the propeller is modelled as a rotating point source and the effect of propeller translation is neglected. The scattering of sound from this rotating point source by either a rigid circular cylinder or a rigid half-plane is calculated and the reflection/shielding effect is clearly demonstrated. In the second part of this paper, the point source/stationary medium model is extended to include the effect of distributed sources and a moving medium. The extended model is then applied to calculate the effect of scattering of rotor-alone tones by a wing (which is modelled as an infinite half-plane). The effect of wing sweep and the application of the Kutta-condition at the trailing edge is investigated. An approximate method for quickly calculating open rotor tone scattering is also developed and validated.     

垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲模拟器辐射近场的快速估算方法

为快速估算出垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲(EMP)模拟器的时域近场,将散射传递函数法应用于该类型模拟器近场的时域计算中,即对于给定的脉冲源,先寻找有效频谱范围能覆盖该源的高斯脉冲源,并应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法计算该高斯脉冲源激励时模拟器中测试点场的时域响应,再利用傅里叶变换、系统的传递函数及傅里叶逆变换计算得到给定脉冲源激励时各测试点场的瞬态响应。所得计算结果与直接使用给定脉冲源激励时FDTD方法的计算结果符合较好。所述方法可用于同一模拟器在不同脉冲源激励时辐射近场的快速估算,能大大减少FDTD模拟计算的次数,尤其对于中大型模拟器能有效减少计算时间和内存。     

激光镊子拉曼光谱法优化红法夫酵母合成虾青素条件

用激光镊子拉曼光谱法优化红法夫酵母生产虾青素的条件。首先,将红法夫酵母细胞拉曼光谱与虾青素标准品溶液拉曼光谱进行对比,找出定量虾青素的拉曼特征峰;然后对照红法夫酵母生长曲线与不同时间点红法夫酵母细胞内虾青素含量曲线,进行发酵时间的优化;最后将红法夫酵母分别用不同氮源、碳源培养基培养,对比其细胞的虾青素拉曼特征峰强度,最终优化培养基。由实验可得,适宜定量虾青素的拉曼特征峰是1520cm-1峰;最佳发酵时间为72h;最佳优化培养基氮源含硫酸铵4g/L+硝酸钾4g/L,碳源含蔗糖60g/L。从上述结果可知,用激光镊子拉曼光谱法对红法夫酵母合成虾青素的条件进行优化,充分发挥了其操作简便、耗时短、样品用量少、对样品无损伤等优势,使所得结果更准确可信。因此,激光镊子拉曼光谱法是红法夫酵母细胞合成虾青素条件优化的理想选择。     

Electroseismic waves excited by vertical magnetic dipole in borenole

Acoustic and electromagnetic fields are coupled in a fluid saturated porous medium due to seismoelectric effect. Seismoelectric well logging method has been proposed to detect deep target formation utilizing such effect. Because of uncoupling of SH waves with P-SV waves, a simple and forthright way to get shear waves information is possible, especially for soft or slow formation whose shear wave velocity is lower than the velocity of borehole fluid. We consider the wave fields excited by a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD) source. Two methods are used to simulate, one is the coupled method based on Pride model and the other is the uncoupled method. For two methods, the frequency wavenumber domain representations of the acoustic field and associated seismoelectric field are formulated. The full waveforms of acoustic waves and electromagnetic wave induced SH waves excited by VMD source in the time domain propagation in borehole are simulated and analyzed.     

Source implementation to eliminate low-frequency artifacts in finite difference time domain room acoustic simulation

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is a numerical technique that is straight forward to implement for the simulation of acoustic propagation. For room acoustics applications, the implementation of efficient source excitation and frequency dependent boundary conditions on arbitrary geometry can be seen as two of the most significant problems. This paper deals with the source implementation problem. Among existing source implementation methods, the hard source implementation is the simplest and computationally most efficient. Unfortunately, it generates a large low-frequency modulation in the measured time response. This paper presents a detailed investigation into these side effects. Surprisingly, some of these side effects are found to exist even if a transparent source implementation is used. By combing a time limited approach with a class of more natural source pulse function, this paper develops a source implementation method in FDTD that is as simple and computationally as efficient as a hard source implementation and yet capable of producing results that are virtually the same as a true transparent source. It is believed that the source implementation method developed in this paper will provide an improvement to the practical usability of the FDTD method for room acoustic simulation.     

Design of ultrasonic wedge transducer

Cones and wedges inserted between an ultrasonic transducer and the specimen provide the transducer (circular or rectangular shape) with enhanced capability for point or line contact with the specimen. Such an arrangement is useful in that the transducer can be used for transmitting to and receiving from a point (or line) source, and that it can eliminate the undesirable aperture effect that makes the transducer blind to waves traveling in certain directions and those of certain frequencies. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical analysis based on a wave propagation model is carried out for the study of characteristics and parameters of cones and wedges influencing their performance. We study the effect of the dimensions, shape and aperture on the frequency response and the angle of incidence of the wave. For computational accuracy and efficiency, the boundary element method is used in the analysis.     

Theoretical simulation of electroacoustic borehole logging in a fluid-saturated porous formation

Electroacoustic (E-A) logging describes the acoustic response to an electromagnetic (EM) source in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a porous medium. The E-A response is simulated by two different methods in this paper. In the coupled method, the EM field and the acoustic field are modeled using Pride's model, which couples Maxwell's equations and Biot's equations. In the uncoupled method, the EM field is uninfluenced by the converted acoustic field, resulting in separate acoustic formulation with an electrokinetic source term derived from the primary EM field. The difference of the transient full waveforms between the above two methods is remarkably small for all examples, thus confirming the validity of using the computationally simpler uncoupled method. It is shown from the simulated waveforms that an EM-accompanying acoustic field is coupled to the EM field and appears with an apparent phase velocity of the EM wave in the formation. Acoustic waves with the conventional acoustic velocities are also seen in the converted full waveforms. For the sandstone models used in this paper, when permeability is less than 1 Darcy, the E-A Stoneley wave amplitude increases with porosity, which is different from that in conventional acoustic-to-acoustic logging.     

超常介质中暗孤子的形成和传输特性研究

利用一种扩展的双曲函数级数方法求解超常介质中的传输方程，得到了各种不同情形下的暗孤子解，分析了可控自陡效应和二阶非线性色散效应对孤子形成和传输特性的影响.结果表明，超常介质中负的自陡效应使得暗孤子的中心位置随传输距离向脉冲前沿方向漂移，与常规介质中自陡效应(恒为正)的作用相反；特别是，由于二阶非线性色散的作用，使得在没有线性群速度色散的情形下同样可形成孤子，而且在反常线性色散情形也可形成暗孤子.     

Shear-horizontal transverse-electric seismoelectric waves in cylindrical double layer porous media

The shear-horizontal(SH) waves excited by the shear source in a borehole are easy to analyze due to the simple waveform. The borehole-side structures make the formation properties discontinuous. We consider a cylindrical double layer structure and study the borehole shear-horizontal and transverse-electric(SH-TE) seismoelectric waves. We first derive the expressions of the basic field quantities, and simulate the acoustic field and electric field using the real axis integral method. Compared with the wave fields of an infinitely homogeneous porous medium outside the borehole, the cylindrical layered structure makes the multi-mode cylindrical Love waves and their accompanying electric fields excited.Next, in order to study the interface response law of the inducing electric fields, we use the secant integral method to calculate the interface converted electromagnetic waves and analyze the causes of each component. It is found that an interface response occurs each time the SH wave impinges the interface in the layered porous medium. The results show that the SH-TE mode has a potential application for borehole-side interface detection in geophysical logs.     

光在二维无序介质中的动态传播过程

用有限时域差分 FDTD 法研究了光在二维无序介质中的动态传播过程.数值模拟了某一高斯脉冲光束入射到无序介质中光场的空间分布随时间的演化,结果表明：在光束入射的初期,能量从光源区向外传播并出现了清晰的波前传播的特点;经过一定的时间后,有部分能量从光源区向外扩散,而大部分能量逐渐聚集在介质中的一些小区域内,这与整体散射模型关于无序介质中光子局域化的研究相吻合,而且更清晰地呈现了形成光子局域化过程中的物理现象及整体散射干涉效应的重要机理作用.