耗散环境单量子点体系输运过程的量子速度极限研究

基于量子点输运理论与B ures角度量的方法,研究了耗散环境下单量子点系统输运过程中的量子速度极限特性.结果表明:由于隧穿过程存在库仑阻塞效应与量子相干效应,系统可加速能力随左侧隧穿概率有微小的变化;然而,系统可加速能力随右侧隧穿概率变化明显,归因于动力学通道阻塞与共隧穿的共同效应.能级差的增大使系统向目标态演化需要更长的时间,从而改变系统的加速潜力以及随时间演化的震荡频率.耗散环境中弛豫速率对系统可加速能力的影响不是单调的,存在一个有趣的转折点,当弛豫速率小于该点时,系统的可加速能力产生震荡变化,当弛豫速率大于该点时,加速潜力的变化受到了弛豫速率的单调抑制,弛豫速率的增大总体上抑制了系统的可加速能力.     

冲破量子极限——光压缩态

 近几年来,物理学最古老的分支之一--光光又有了新的突破,人们从实验上获得了光的一种量子态--压缩态光.读者可能会问,“光怎么能被压缩?”要解释什么叫压缩态光,还得从光的本性谈起.(一)光的量子涨落光是一种电磁波.在经典光学里,我们可以设想在空间某点光场随时间的周期性变化如图1(a)所示,其中纵坐标为电场强度,在任何时刻它的振幅和相位都是完全确定的.     

能够突破标准量子极限的原子双数态的制备研究

所有经典的双模(两路径)干涉仪的相位测量精度都受限于1/N/(1/2)(其中N为参与干涉测量的总粒子数),这一极限被称为经典极限或标准量子极限.量子计量学最重要的目标之一是探索如何通过量子纠缠实现超越经典极限的测量精度.双数态是一种能突破经典极限的纠缠态,它由数目相等、不可区分的自旋朝上和朝下(双模)玻色粒子组成.通过光学自发参量下转换或囚禁离子内态的操控手段已实现了不到十个光子或离子的双数态.利用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中原子的自旋混合过程,近年来也能产生多达几千个原子的双数态.但是这样制备的双数态的总粒子数的随机涨落过大,限制了它们的实际应用潜力.最近,我们通过调控原子凝聚体中的量子相变,实现了超过一万个原子的双数态的确定性制备.本文简要综述这一研究进展.     

Bose-Hubbard模型中系统初态对量子关联的影响

量子关联是量子信息、量子计算与量子计量领域的重要资源, 在量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性中, 两子系统起着同等关键的作用, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)量子引导关联的强度介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间, 对单向EPR量子引导关联而言两子系统的作用不对等. 本文研究了双模Bose-Hubbard模型中模间量子关联的动态特性, 揭示了EPR量子引导关联的取向对系统初态模间交换对称性的依赖关系. 根据Hillery-Zubairy纠缠判据以及基于最大平均量子Fisher信息的纠缠判据考察了系统初态对模间量子纠缠演化规律的影响. 如果模间耦合强度远大于同一势阱内粒子间的相互作用, 初始处于SU(2)相干态的系统在具有确定的两子系统交换对称性的条件下, 其量子关联呈现简单的周期性演化规律; 当这种对称性破缺时, 模间量子关联的演化呈现较复杂的崩塌与回复现象.     

量子Lie超代数SLq(2/1)的不可约表示

本文指出满足Serre关系的某些SL_q(2/1)的生成元,可以认作是SL_q(2)的1/2阶张量算符,它们的约化矩阵可以通过一组递推公式算出.因此,SL_q(2/1)的不可约表示可以完全被决定.     

声子对隧穿量子点分子辐射场系统量子相位的影响

用全量子理论导出隧穿量子点分子-辐射场相互作用系统状态满足的微分方程组, 在相干态辐射场和量子点分子处于隧穿激发态及基态的初始条件下, 应用Pegg-Barnett相位理论计算和分析了辐射场的相位概率分布及相位涨落, 研究了声子-量子点分子作用对辐射场相位的影响, 并与Husimi相位分布做了比较. 结果表明, 温度显著影响光场相位概率分布的时间演化规律, 声子既可以抑制也可以增强辐射场相位扩散和涨落, 取决于量子点分子的初态. Husimi相位分布和Pegg-Barnett相位分布符合度相当高. 关键词： 量子点分子 声子 量子相位 Q函数')" href="#">Q函数     

量子偶和量子偶对——量子代数和量子群的关系

本文提出量子偶对的概念,从而给出由量子代数出发实现量子群的一种方法.     

运用线性量子变换理论和定态微扰论求解线型多原子分子振动的一般方法

采用键长伸缩和垂直键轴位移为内坐标,多维耦合谐振子、势函数中超过二次幂的项分别为零级近似和微扰的线型多原子分子振动模型,运用广义线性量子变换理论和定态微扰论对线型多原子分子振动进行了普遍求解,将线型多原子分子简谐振动能量本征值和态的求解转化成正定和半正定矩阵的对角化问题,微扰矩阵元、能量和波函数各级修正的计算转换到多维无耦合谐振子的本征表象中进行.并以CO2分子为例进行了具体求解.     

光子辐射热输运的量子极限

研究微小尺度量子通道中的热输运，不仅有助于开发新器件，而且将促进基础物理学的发展．最近，来自芬兰赫尔辛基技术大学的Meschke等，在30mK的极低温条件下，对两个微型电阻（R1和R2，尺寸-1μm量级）组成的系统，完成了光子辐射（热电压噪声）热输运的研究．用两根超导铝线把R1和R2连在一起，在每一根超导线的中间另外串接DC—SQUID器件，后者用于开关电子的热通道．由于超导态的电子热导为零，该装置使得研究光子辐射热输运成为可能．R1和R2作为黑体，辐射的电磁波（热电压噪声）经超导通道传输；     

Influences of spin–orbit interaction on quantum speed limit and entanglement of spin qubits in coupled quantum dots

Quantum speed limit and entanglement of a two-spin Heisenberg XYZ system in an inhomogeneous external magnetic field are investigated. The physical system studied is the excess electron spin in two adjacent quantum dots. The influences of magnetic field inhomogeneity as well as spin–orbit coupling are studied. Moreover, the spin interaction with surrounding magnetic environment is investigated as a non-Markovian process. The spin–orbit interaction provides two important features: the formation of entanglement when two qubits are initially in a separated state and the degradation and rebirth of the entanglement.     

Quantum speed limit for mixed states in a unitary system

Since the evolution of a mixed state in a unitary system is equivalent to the joint evolution of the eigenvectors contained in it, we could use the tool of instantaneous angular velocity for pure states to study the quantum speed limit (QSL) of a mixed state. We derive a lower bound for the evolution time of a mixed state to a target state in a unitary system, which automatically reduces to the quantum speed limit induced by the Fubini-Study metric for pure states. The computation of the QSL of a degenerate mixed state is more complicated than that of a non-degenerate mixed state, where we have to make a singular value decomposition (SVD) on the inner product between the two eigenvector matrices of the initial and target states. By combing these results, a lower bound for the evolution time of a general mixed state is presented. In order to compare the tightness among the lower bound proposed here and lower bounds reported in the references, two examples in a single-qubit system and in a single-qutrit system are studied analytically and numerically, respectively. All conclusions derived in this work are independent of the eigenvalues of the mixed state, which is in accord with the evolution properties of a quantum unitary system.     

Creation of quantum correlations via the initial classical-mixed states

Using the pseudomode method, we theoretically analyze the creation of quantum correlations between two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled with a common structured reservoir with different coupling strengths. Considering certain classes of initial separable-mixed states, we demonstrate that the sudden birth of atomic entanglement as well as the generation of stationary quantum correlations occur. Our results also suggest a possible way to control the occurrence time of entanglement sudden birth and the stationary value of quantum correlations by modifying the initial conditions of states, the dipole-dipole interaction, and the relative coupling strength. These results are helpful for the experimental engineering of entanglement and quantum correlations.     

气体分子平均相对运动速率的推导

从相对速度的定义和气体分子的速度分布律出发,分别得到了气体分子相对运动速度和速率的分布律,简洁的给出了平均相对运动速率和平均速率之间的关系.     

Quantum speed limit time of a non-Hermitian two-level system

We investigated the quantum speed limit time of a non-Hermitian two-level system for which gain and loss of energy or amplitude are present. Our results show that, with respect to two distinguishable states of the non-Hermitian system, the evolutionary time does not have a nonzero lower bound. The quantum evolution of the system can be effectively accelerated by adjusting the non-Hermitian parameter, as well as the quantum speed limit time can be arbitrarily small even be zero.     

极性分子摆动态的三体量子关联

极性分子具有较长的相干时间和较强的偶极-偶极相互作用,因此它被视为量子信息处理的有效量子载体.基于分子摆动态作为量子比特,研究了处于热平衡状态下三极性分子线性链系统的三体量子关联特性,分析了三体负性熵纠缠度、测量诱导扰动和三体量子失协随与电场强度、分子电偶极矩、分子转动常数、偶极-偶极相互作用和温度等参数有关的三个无量纲变量之间的变化关系.研究表明:在其他参数给定的情况下,随电场强度的增加,三体量子关联均变小;随偶极-偶极相互作用强度的增大,三体量子关联先增加到峰值再逐渐变小;温度越高,负性熵纠缠度和三体量子失协越小,但测量诱导扰动随温度的改变在电场强度和偶极-偶极相互作用影响下呈现不同的变化趋势.此外,通过调节电场强度、偶极-偶极相互作用和温度,可改变与操控极性分子摆动态的三体量子关联.     

High-fidelity quantum memory realized via Wigner crystals of polar molecules

The collective excitations of spin states of an ensemble of polar molecules are studied as a candidate for high-fidelity quantum memory. To avoid the collisional properties of the molecules, they are arranged in dipolar crystals under one or two dimensional trapping conditions. We calculate the lifetime of the quantum memory by identifying the dominant decoherence mechanisms and estimating their effects on gate operations when a molecular ensemble qubit is transferred to a microwave cavity.     

初态对光波导阵列中连续量子行走影响的研究

本文使用近邻耦合模型得到的解析解,分析了周期性波导中输入态对量子行走的粒子数的概率分布函数 和二阶相干性的影响.结果表明:输入态的对称性质对量子行走过程的二阶相干度有影响, 而对粒子数的概率分布函数影响不大. 关键词： 周期性光波导阵列 量子行走 二阶相干度 纠缠态