畴壁系统中的非厄米趋肤效应

非厄米趋肤效应是近几年非厄米物理研究领域中的热点问题,它揭示了非厄米系统中体态波函数和能谱计算会敏感依赖于边界条件的新奇现象.人们提出广义布里渊区的概念用以刻画非厄米系统中的体态波函数和能带性质.基于广义布里渊区计算的非布洛赫拓扑数可以重新构建非厄米拓扑体边对应关系.然而,过去关于非厄米趋肤效应的讨论主要针对开放边界条件,如果采用畴壁边界条件,广义布里渊区和非布洛赫拓扑数的计算都需要重新考虑.本文综述了近几年关于畴壁边界条件下非厄米趋肤效应的若干研究工作,首先从一般的一维非厄米单带模型出发,推导广义布里渊区方程的一般形式;然后回顾了非厄米SSH (SuSchieffer-Heeger)模型中广义布里渊区和非布洛赫拓扑数的计算;最后在一维光量子行走的系统中,介绍了实验上非厄米趋肤效应的实现和非厄米拓扑边缘态的探测.     

非厄米镶嵌型二聚化晶格

非厄米系统近年来受到了物理学相关领域研究人员的大量关注.非厄米因素的存在往往会带来许多在厄米系统中不存在的新奇效应.本文引入一类新的非厄米晶格系统—非厄米镶嵌型二聚化晶格.在这一模型中,交替变化的非对称跃迁被等间距地施加在某些相邻格点的跃迁项中.研究结果表明,随着非对称跃迁强度的增大,系统在开边界条件下的能谱会从实数变为复数.此外,系统中的非厄米趋肤效应和不同边界条件下的能谱性质会受到镶嵌型调制周期的影响.当这一调制周期为奇数时,系统中不存在非厄米趋肤效应,且其能谱在开放和周期边界条件下是一样的（拓扑边界态除外）;而当镶嵌型调制周期为偶数时,系统中存在非厄米趋肤效应,且其能谱在不同的边界条件下具有完全不同的结构.本文进一步研究了这类系统中的拓扑零能边界态,并计算了Berry相位对其进行表征.本研究揭示了镶嵌型非对称跃迁对系统性质的影响,拓展了非厄米系统这一领域的相关研究.     

镶嵌正方晶格上Ising模型的近似解

采用格点自旋消约方法,将具有最近邻和次近邻耦合作用的镶嵌正方Ising晶格变换成等效的具有最近邻、次近邻和四体耦合作用的正方Ising晶格,得到系统近似解的临界点在K′C=0.4406868.结果表明:在相变点最近邻耦合作用K1和次近邻耦合作用K2之间满足一定关系.如果只计及镶嵌正方Ising晶格的最近邻耦合作用K1,则其严格解的临界点在K1C=0.7635.由此可以推断在正方格点间安放两个自旋的双镶嵌正方Ising晶格,在只计及最近邻耦合作用情况下,也是严格可解的.     

一维超冷原子动量光晶格中的手征对称性破缺拓扑相

对称性在理解物质的拓扑态方面具有关键作用.过去人们认为手征对称性保证了一维晶格的量子化Zak相位及其对应的非平庸拓扑相.本文展现了在一维手征对称性破缺的情况下,晶格系统仍具有量子化Zak相位和非平庸拓扑相.具体而言,在超冷原子动量晶格系统中有效地模拟了一个链长为26、手征对称性破缺的Zigzag模型,其中相等的次近邻耦合强度能够在保留空间反演对称性的同时破坏手征对称性.通过测量原子的时间平均波包位移来获得系统的拓扑不变量,并得到了其对应的量子化的Zak相位.此外,还观测到系统随着最近邻耦合强度比例的变化会从非平庸拓扑相转变为平庸拓扑相.本文不仅为对称性及拓扑相的相关研究提供了一个完全可控的平台,还可以通过控制格点间耦合强度和原子间相互作用,探索例如Tasaki, Aharonov-Bohm caging模型中的平带拓扑以及引入相互作用研究的非线性拓扑现象.     

镶嵌正方晶格上具有次近邻耦合作用Ising模型的临界性质

采用部分格点自旋消约变换,将镶嵌正方晶格上具有最近邻耦合作用K1和次近邻耦合作用K2的Ising模型变换成等效的具有最近邻、次近邻和四体耦合作用的正方Ising晶格.发现系统的临界点在(K1C,K2C)=(0.5125,0.2134),由此决定系统的临界温度,幷讨论了系统的普适性.     

体态和边缘态的电导峰

本文对有限Su-Schriefer-Heeger(SSH)晶格的能量本征态和电导问题进行求解,着重研究了引线-样品的耦合强度对其体态和边缘态电导峰的不同影响.只有在弱耦合极限下,电导峰才显示全部体态和边缘态的能量本征值;随着耦合强度的增大,全部电导峰都逐渐偏离能量本征值并变宽变低,其中边缘态的电导峰还会逐渐消失;耦合强度继续增大,剩存的电导峰又逐渐变高变窄,并在强耦合极限下与不包含两端原子的新孤立系统的能量本征值一一对应.体态和边缘态对引线-样品耦合强度变化的不同响应可作为区分边缘态与体态的有效途径,亦可作为系统中存在边缘态的重要判据.     

有限二维复式晶格电子结构的尺度效应

以二维复式晶格作为有限系统的集团模型,利用紧束缚近似,在考虑链间耦合及链端效应的情况下,计算了格点数分别为16、32、64、128时π电子在最近邻及次近邻跳跃集团的能谱和态密度.讨论了不同格点数和结构参数对态密度及带宽的影响.     

用二维复式晶格有限集团模型计算聚乙炔的电子结构

以二维复式晶格作为有限系统的集团模型,在紧束缚近似下,计算了π电子在最近邻及次近邻跳跃集团的态密度.讨论了不同结构参数对态密度及带宽的影响.     

Rashba自旋轨道耦合下square-octagon晶格的拓扑相变

本文研究了各向同性square-octagon晶格在内禀自旋轨道耦合、Rashba自旋轨道耦合和交换场作用下的拓扑相变,同时引入陈数和自旋陈数对系统进行拓扑分类.系统在自旋轨道耦合和交换场的影响下会出现许多拓扑非平庸态,包括时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔态和量子反常霍尔态.特别的是,在时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔效应中,无能隙螺旋边缘态依然能够完好存在.调节交换场或者填充因子的大小会导致系统发生从时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔态到自旋过滤的量子反常霍尔态的拓扑相变.边缘态能谱和自旋谱的性质与陈数和自旋陈数的拓扑刻画完全一致.这些研究成果为自旋量子操控提供了一个有趣的途径.     

基于Aharonov-Bohm笼的非厄米趋肤效应抑制现象

能带理论在光学领域的应用为控制光传输提供了有效手段,非厄米趋肤效应的发现扩展了传统能带理论的范畴,能够实现新型光局域和单向传输现象.然而在光学体系,如何有效地产生并调控非厄米趋肤效应仍然是重要的研究主题.本文研究了具有规范势的准一维菱形光晶格中的非厄米趋肤效应,通过计算本征能谱、环绕数和模式演化特性,发现规范势能够对趋肤效应强弱进行有效调节.当规范势大小为π时,趋肤效应被完全抑制,而由Aharonov-Bohm笼效应引起的平带局域占主导.利用间接耦合微环谐振腔阵列,可同时产生合成光子规范势和非对称耦合,为研究Aharonov-Bohm笼和趋肤效应的竞争机制提供了可能的实现方案.本研究结果为利用规范势调控趋肤效应提供理论基础,在发展片上非磁性单向传播器件也具有潜在的应用前景.     

Dimerization,trimerization and quantum pumping

We study one-dimensional topological models with dimerization and trimerization and show that these models can be generated using interaction or optical superlattice. The topological properties of these models are demonstrated by the appearance of edge states and the mechanism of dimerization and trimerization is analyzed. Then we show that a quantum pumping process can be constructed based on each one-dimensional topological model. The quantum pumping process is explicitly demonstrated by the instantaneous energy spectrum and local current. The result shows that the pumping is assisted by the gapless states connecting the bands and one charge is pumped during a cycle, which also defines a nonzero Chern number. Our study systematically shows the connection of one-dimensional topological models and quantum pumping, and is useful for the experimental studies on topological phases in optical lattices and photonic quasicrystals.     

Topological and Nontopological Edge States Induced by Qubit-Assisted Coupling Potentials

In the usual Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain, the topology of the energy spectrum is divided into two categories in different parameter regions. Here, the topological and nontopological edge states induced by qubit-assisted coupling potentials in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) lattice modeled as a SSH chain are studied. It is found that, when the coupling potential added on only one end of the system raises to a certain extent, the strong coupling potential will induce a new topologically nontrivial phase accompanied by the appearance of a nontopological edge state, and the novel phase transition leads to the inversion of odd–even effect directly. Furthermore, the topological phase transitions when two unbalanced coupling potentials are injected into both ends of the circuit QED lattice are studied, and it is found that the system exhibits three distinguishing phases with multiple flips of energy bands. These phases are significantly different from the previous phase induced via unilateral coupling potential due to the existence of a pair of nontopological edge states. The scheme provides a feasible and visible method to induce different topological and nontopological edge states through controlling the qubit-assisted coupling potentials in circuit QED lattice both in experiment and theory.     

Topology of a parity-time symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice

We investigate the topological properties of a trimerized parity–time(PT)symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice.Although the system is PT-symmetric,the topology is not inherited from the Hermitian lattice;in contrast,the topology can be altered by the non-Hermiticity and depends on the couplings between the sublattices.The bulk–boundary correspondence is valid and the Bloch bulk captures the band topology.Topological edge states present in the two band gaps and are predicted from the global Zak phase obtained through the Wilson loop approach.In addition,the anomalous edge states compactly localize within two diamond plaquettes at the boundaries when all bands are flat at the exceptional point of the lattice.Our findings reveal the topological properties of the??PT-symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice and shed light on the investigation of multi-band non-Hermitian topological phases.     

Non-Hermitian anomalous skin effect

A non-Hermitian topological insulator is fundamentally different from conventional topological insulators. The non-Hermitian skin effect arises in a nonreciprocal tight binding lattice with open edges. In this case, not only topological states but also bulk states are localized around the edges of the nonreciprocal system. We discuss that controllable switching from topological edge states into topological extended states in a chiral symmetric non-Hermitian system is possible. We show that the skin depth decreases with non-reciprocity for bulk states but increases with it for topological zero energy states.     

Complex energy plane and topological invariant in non-Hermitian systems

Non-Hermitian systems as theoretical models of open or dissipative systems exhibit rich novel physical properties and fundamental issues in condensed matter physics. We propose a generalized local–global correspondence between the pseudo-boundary states in the complex energy plane and topological invariants of quantum states. We find that the patterns of the pseudo-boundary states in the complex energy plane mapped to the Brillouin zone are topological invariants against the parameter deformation. We demonstrate this approach by the non-Hermitian Chern insulator model. We give the consistent topological phases obtained from the Chern number and vorticity. We also find some novel topological invariants embedded in the topological phases of the Chern insulator model, which enrich the phase diagram of the non-Hermitian Chern insulators model beyond that predicted by the Chern number and vorticity. We also propose a generalized vorticity and its flipping index to understand physics behind this novel local–global correspondence and discuss the relationships between the local–global correspondence and the Chern number as well as the transformation between the Brillouin zone and the complex energy plane. These novel approaches provide insights to how topological invariants may be obtained from local information as well as the global property of quantum states, which is expected to be applicable in more generic non-Hermitian systems.     

The quantum anomalous Hall effect on a star lattice with spin-orbit coupling and an exchange field

We study a star lattice with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and an exchange field and find that there is a quantum anomalous Hall effect in this system, and that there are five energy gaps at Dirac points and quadratic band crossing points. We calculate the Berry curvature distribution and obtain the Hall conductivity (Chern number ν) quantized as integers, and find that ν?=-?1,2,1,1,2 when the Fermi level lies in these five gaps. Our model can be viewed as a general quantum anomalous Hall system and, in limit cases, can give what the honeycomb lattice and kagome lattice give. We also find that there is a nearly flat band with ν?=?1 which may provide an opportunity for realizing the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. Finally, the chiral edge states on a zigzag star lattice are given numerically, to confirm the topological property of this system.     

Shannon Entropy and Diffusion Coefficient in Parity-Time Symmetric Quantum Walks

Non-Hermitian topological edge states have many intriguing properties, however, to date, they have mainly been discussed in terms of bulk–boundary correspondence. Here, we propose using a bulk property of diffusion coefficients for probing the topological states and exploring their dynamics. The diffusion coefficient was found to show unique features with the topological phase transitions driven by parity–time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian discrete-time quantum walks as well as by Hermitian ones, despite the fact that artificial boundaries are not constructed by an inhomogeneous quantum walk. For a Hermitian system, a turning point and abrupt change appears in the diffusion coefficient when the system is approaching the topological phase transition, while it remains stable in the trivial topological state. For a non-Hermitian system, except for the feature associated with the topological transition, the diffusion coefficient in the PT-symmetric-broken phase demonstrates an abrupt change with a peak structure. In addition, the Shannon entropy of the quantum walk is found to exhibit a direct correlation with the diffusion coefficient. The numerical results presented herein may open up a new avenue for studying the topological state in non-Hermitian quantum walk systems.     

The topological quantum phase transitions in Lieb lattice driven by the Rashba SOC and exchange field

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect and the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in Lieblattice are investigated in the presence of both Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) anduniform exchange field. The Lieb lattice has a simple cubic symmetry, which ischaracterized by the single Dirac-cone per Brillouin zone and the middle flat band in theband structure. The intrinsic SOC is essentially needed to open the full energy gap in thebulk. The QSH effect could survive even in the presence of the exchange field. In terms ofthe first Chern number and the spin Chern number, we study the topological nature and thetopological phase transition from the time-reversal symmetry broken QSH effect to the QAHeffect. For Lieb lattice ribbons, the energy spectrum and the wave-function distributionsare obtained numerically, where the helical edge states and the chiral edge states revealthe non-trivial topological QSH and QAH properties, respectively.     

Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with imaginary gauge field

We consider Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model in the presence of an imaginary gauge field. This model is non-Hermitian and has chiral symmetry. We investigate the influence of non-Hermiticity parameter on topologically trivial and nontrivial phases. We find topological edge states with real energy spectrum and obtain the topological invariant of the system.