孔隙率及晶粒尺寸对多孔PZT陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响及机理研究

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备多孔锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷，并研究了孔隙率和晶粒尺寸对多孔PZT陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响及机理.研究表明：孔隙率的增加降低了多孔PZT陶瓷的介电常数，提高了静水压优值，并证明在一定条件下孔隙率与介电常数关系可由Okazaki经验公式及Banno模型预测；晶粒尺寸增加，多孔PZT陶瓷的介电常数、压电系数和优值增加，并可用Okazaki空间电荷理论解释晶粒尺寸对试样介电和压电性能的影响.对于添加重量百分数为10%造孔剂的多孔PZT陶瓷，当烧结温度为1300℃时，孔隙率为34%，d关键词： 多孔PZT陶瓷 静水压优值 压电性能 介电性能     

热压法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以CaF₂作为α-Si₃N₄粉末的烧结助剂,同时充当多孔氮化硅陶瓷的造孔剂,采用热压烧结工艺在较低温度下制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷。研究烧结助剂的含量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷显气孔率、抗弯强度的影响,分析材料的组分并观察断口结构。结果表明：在温度1 450℃,压力0.55T的条件下,当CaF₂添加量为6.0wt%时,多孔陶瓷的性能较为优异,其孔隙率为38.8%,α-Si₃N₄→β-Si₃N₄的相变程度为38.5%,抗弯强度为137.1 MPa。     

CaZrO_3改性(Na,K)NbO_3基无铅陶瓷电学性能的温度稳定性

压电陶瓷广泛用于驱动器、传感器等电子领域,但是目前主要使用的压电陶瓷是铅基陶瓷.基于保护环境和社会可持续发展的需要,无铅压电陶瓷的研发变得迫切.无铅压电陶瓷(K,Na)NbO_3(KNN)因具有较高压电常数和居里温度,而受到广泛关注.然而较差的温度稳定性限制了其应用.本文通过二步合成法制备了电学性能温度稳定的(1-x)(Na_(0.52)K_(0.48))_(0.95)Li_(0.05)NbO_3-xCaZrO_3(NKLN-xCZ)陶瓷,研究了CaZrO_3对KNN基陶瓷微结构及电学性能的作用.研究结果表明:适量CaZrO_3改善了样品烧结性能,得到了致密陶瓷.随CaZr O_3增加,NKLN-CZ陶瓷的三方相(R)-四方相(T)共存出现在组分为0.05 ≤x ≤0.06.x=0.05时,陶瓷样品不但具有高居里温度(T_c=373 ℃),而且表现出良好电学性能(d_(33)=198 pC/N,k_p=39%,ε_r=1140,tanδ=0.034,P_r=21μC/cm~2,E_c=18.2 kV/cm).此外,该陶瓷由于存在弥散R-T相变,导致其相变温度区间拓宽,因此,该陶瓷具有较好的电学性能温度稳定:在温度范围为-50—150 ℃,NKLN-0.05CZ陶瓷的k_p保持在34%—39% (k_p变化量≤13%).     

高居里温度铋层状结构钛钽酸铋(Bi_3TiTaO_9)的压电、介电和铁电特性

随着现代信息技术的飞速发展,压电材料的应用范围进一步拓展,使用的温度环境越来越严苛,在一些极端环境下对压电材料的服役性能提出了新的挑战.因此研究具有高居里温度同时具有较强压电性能的压电材料,是迫切需要解决的问题.本文利用普通陶瓷工艺制备了高居里温度铋层状结构钛钽酸铋Bi_3TiTaO_9+x wt.%CeO_2(x=0—0.8,简写为BTT-10xCe)压电陶瓷,研究了钛钽酸铋陶瓷的压电、介电和铁电特性.压电特性研究表明,稀土Ce离子的引入可以提高BTT陶瓷的压电性能, BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷具有最大的压电系数d33～16.2 pC/N,约为纯的BTT陶瓷压电系数(d33～4.2 pC/N)的4倍.介电特性研究显示, BTT和BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷均具有高的居里温度, T_C分别为890℃和879℃,同时稀土Ce离子的引入降低了BTT陶瓷的高温介电损耗tand.铁电特性研究表明,稀土Ce离子的引入提高了BTT陶瓷的极化强度.在180℃温度下和110 kV/cm的电场驱动下, BTT和BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷的矫顽场Ec分别为53.8 kV/cm和57.5 kV/cm,剩余极化强度Pr分别为3.4μC/cm~2和5.4μC/cm~2.退火实验显示:稀土Ce离子组分优化的BTT压电陶瓷经800℃的高温退火后,仍具有优异的压电性能温度稳定性.研究结果表明, BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷兼具高的居里温度T_c约为879℃和强的压电性能d33约为16.2 pC/N、较好的压电性能温度稳定性,是一类压电性能优异的高温压电陶瓷.     

纳米BaTiO3陶瓷的超高压烧结

将10 nm钛酸钡粉在6 GPa超高压条件下进行烧结,得到了晶粒大小约为30 nm的钛酸钡陶瓷.用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观测了样品的微观结构.研究表明,由于超高压能够压碎纳米粉体中的团聚体,而且能增加烧结的驱动力,降低成核的势垒,从而使成核速率增加;同时由于扩散能力的降低而使生长速率减小,所以超高压烧结能在较低的...     

烧结温度对La0.9Sr0.1FeO3热电性能的影响

利用传统的固相反应分别在1250℃,1300℃,1350℃.烧结条件下制备出钙钛矿结构的La_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃陶瓷样品.样品的XRD粉末衍射结果显示不同烧结温度的La_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃陶瓷样品都是单相的正交结构,同时晶胞体积随着烧结温度的升高而减小.从样品的SEM结果看出,随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒逐渐变大,并且晶粒间的空隙逐渐减小,样品更加致密.在室温到800℃的 关键词： 铁酸镧陶瓷 热电性能 烧结温度     

烧结温度对ZnO掺杂的KNN陶瓷微结构和压电性能的影响

以Zn O为烧结助剂,采用固相合成法制备了(K0.5Na0.5)Nb O3(缩写为KNN)压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对Zn O掺杂KNN陶瓷致密性、微结构以及压电性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,KNN陶瓷的压电常数d33、密度?和机电耦合系数Kp均先升高后降低,在1100oC时达到最大值;而试样的介电常数则随烧结温度的升高而增大。烧结温度过高(达到1120oC),将会引起Na、K的大量挥发和晶粒异常生长,使得其结构变疏松。当Zn O含量为0.5wt%、烧结温度为1100oC时,KNN陶瓷的密度达到了4.43g/cm3;其压电学性能达到最优:d33=113p C/N,tan?(1k Hz)=5.31%,Kp=0.35。     

非铁电压电复合陶瓷SrTiO3-Bi12TiO20（ST-BT）的正电子湮没谱学研究

采用传统陶瓷烧结工艺成功制备出新型非铁电压电复合陶瓷SrTiO₃-Bi₁₂TiO₂₀（ST-BT）,利用正电子湮没技术,对ST-BT复合陶瓷烧结过程进行了研究,讨论了烧结过程中材料内部的缺陷变化特征,给出了烧结温度对该复合陶瓷结晶度和缺陷结构的影响.发现烧结温度在860—940℃,烧结时间为3 h的实验条件下,ST-BT复合陶瓷已趋于稳定,出现了大量的单空位型缺陷.烧结温度超过980℃将引起Bi₁₂TiO₂₀相的大量分解,杂相的出现造成缺陷的聚集,形成大尺度的微空洞.实验结果表明,烧结温度在920—940℃的烧结条件下,ST-BT复合陶瓷的结构特性及压电性能均表现出较好的稳定性.     

无铅四方相钙钛矿短周期超晶格压电效应机理研究

超晶格压电行为与内部正离子之间的内在联系尚缺乏相关的研究.本文基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了三种无铅四方相钙钛矿铁电超晶格(BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3,KNbO_3/KTaO_3和BaTiO_3/KNbO_3)中A,B位正离子对整体的极化和压电贡献.通过计算超晶格不同轴向应变条件下原子结构和Born有效电荷,获得了超晶格和各个正离子的极化值和压电系数.结果表明,在轴向压缩应变条件下(-0.15—0 A),无铅超晶格中的正离子位移D(A)和D(B)受到抑制,在拉应变时位移才显著增大,因此极化和压电行为不明显.在轴向拉伸应变作用下(0—0.15 A),无铅超晶格中各原子的极化贡献显著增大,特别是B位原子Ti,Nb和Ta的极化贡献使得总的极化强度也显著提高,并当拉应变达到一定值,超晶格才会出现明显的压电行为.无铅超晶格的极化和压电行为主要由B位正离子贡献.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的高压电常数（Bi0.5Na0.5）1－xBaxTiO3系无铅压电陶瓷

测量了使用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的(Bi0.5Na0.5)1-xBaxTiO3(x=0.00，0.04，0.06，0.08,0.12)系陶瓷的介电、压电、铁电和热释电性能.由于使用了溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的粉料，因此所有样品的压电性能都得到了较大提高.其中(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷具有该系列最大的压电常数，d33=173×10-12C/N，与传统工艺相比，d33提高了近40%.同时，在一定范围内，随Ba含量的增加，材料的剩余极化Pr和矫顽场Ec逐渐减小，退极化温度逐渐降低.对于(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷，剩余极化和矫顽场分别为25μC/cm2和28kV/cm，退极化温度约为80℃. 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶 压电常数 剩余极化 矫顽场     

Ceramic synthesis of 0.08BiGaO_3–0.90BaTiO_3–0.02LiNbO_3 under high pressure and high temperature

In this paper, the preparation of 0.08BiGaO_3–0.90BaTiO_3–0.02LiNbO_3 is investigated at pressure 3.8 GPa and temperature 1100–1200?C. Experimental results indicate that not only is the sintered rate more effective, but also the sintered temperature is lower under high pressure and high temperature than those of under normal pressure. It is thought that the adscititious pressure plays the key role in this process, which is discussed in detail. The composition and the structure of the as-prepared samples are recorded by XRD patterns. The result shows that the phases of Ba TiO_3, BaBiO_(2.77), and Ba_2Bi_4Ti_5O_(18) with piezoelectric ceramic performance generate in the sintered samples. Furthermore, the surface morphology characteristics of the typical samples are also investigated using a scanning electron microscope. It indicates that the grain size and surface structure of the samples are closely related to the sintering temperature and sintering time. It is hoped that this study can provide a new train of thought for the preparation of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent performance.     

CuO added Pb_(0.92)Sr_(0.06)Ba_(0.02)(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.25)(Ti_(0.53)Zr_(0.47))_(0.75)O_3 ceramics sintered with Ag electrodes at 900℃ for multilayer piezoelectric actuator

CuO added Pb_(0.92)Sr_(0.06)Ba_(0.02)(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.25)(Ti_(0.53)Zr_(0.47))_(0.75)O_3 ceramics were studied to prepare high-quality multilayer piezoelectric actuators with pure Ag electrodes at 900℃. Cu O addition not only reduced the sintering temperature significantly from 1260℃ to 900℃ but also improved the ceramic density to 7.742 g/cm~3. The 0.7 wt.% Cu O added ceramic sintered at 900℃ shows the remnant polarization(P_r) of 40 μC/cm~2, 0.28% strain at 40 kV/cm, and the piezoelectric coefficient(d_(33)) of 630 pC/N. This ceramic shows a strong relaxor characteristic with a Curie temperature of 200℃. Furthermore, the 0.7 wt.% CuO added ceramic and pure Ag electrodes were co-fired at 900℃ to prepare a high-quality multilayer piezoelectric actuator with a d_(33) of over 450 pC/N per ceramic layer.     

Synthesizing 0.9PZN–0.1BT by mechanically activating mixed oxides

0.9Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)–0.1BaTiO₃ (0.9PZN–0.1BT) of perovskite structure has been successfully prepared by mechanically activating mixed oxides of PbO, ZnO, Nb₂O₅, BaO and TiO₂. The novel mechanochemical technique skips the phase-forming calcination step at an intermediate temperature that is always required in both the conventional solid state reaction and chemistry-based precursor routes. Ultrafine 0.9PZN–0.1BT particles of perovskite structure were formed when the constituent oxides were mechanically activated for more than 10 h. The powder was sintered to a density of 96% theoretical density at 1100°C for 1 h. The sintered 0.9PZN–0.1BT exhibits perovskite structure and a peak dielectric constant of 8800 at the Curie temperature of 60°C when measured at a frequency of 100 Hz.     

The influence of different fabrication processes on characteristics of excess Bi2O3-doped 0.95 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.05 BaTiO3 ceramics

In this study, we will develop the influences of the excess x wt% (x=0, 1, 2, and 3) Bi₂O₃-doped and the different fabricating process on the sintering and dielectric characteristics of 0.95 (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.05 BaTiO₃ ferroelectric ceramics with the aid of SEM and X-ray diffraction patterns, and dielectric–temperature curves. The 0.95 (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.05 BaTiO₃+x wt% Bi₂O₃ ceramics are fabricated by two different processes. The first process is that (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃ composition is calcined at 850 °C and BaTiO₃ composition is calcined at 1100 °C, then the calcined (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃ and BaTiO₃ powders are mixed in according to 0.95 (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.05 BaTiO₃+x wt% Bi₂O₃ compositions. The second process is that the raw materials are mixed in accordance to the 0.95 (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–0.05 BaTiO₃+x wt% Bi₂O₃ compositions and then calcining at 900 °C. The sintering process is carried out in air for 2 h from 1120 to 1240 °C. After sintering, the effects of process parameters on the dielectric characteristics will be developed by the dielectric–temperature curves. Dielectric–temperature properties are also investigated at the temperatures of 30–350 °C and at the frequencies of 10 kHz–1 MHz.     

极化电压对聚丙烯压电驻极体膜压电性能的影响

压电驻极体是具有压电效应的微孔结构空间电荷驻极体材料,其压电性能与材料的微结构和空间电荷密切相关.本文首先利用压缩气体膨化工艺对聚丙烯(PP)的微结构进行改性,然后利用接触极化方法,研究了极化电压与PP膜空间电荷密度之间的关系,及其对压电性能的影响.结果表明对于极化前厚度为100μm的PP膜,其内部建立有序空间电荷分布的阈值极化电压为2 kV;一旦有序空间电荷建立起来,PP膜即具有压电效应.随着极化电压的提高,PP膜的空间电荷密度逐步增大,压电效应显著增强.当峰值电压为8 kV时,PP膜电极上的电荷密度、准静态压电系数和品质因数FOMv(d33·g33)分别为0.56 mC/m2,379 pC/N和8.6(GPa)-1.PP压电驻极体膜的FOMv比聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铁电聚合物膜高2个量级以上,且声阻抗非常低(～0.025 MRayl),因此该压电膜在超声波发射-接收系统或脉冲-回波系统中具有明显的优势.     

交联聚丙烯压电驻极体的压电性能及振动能量采集研究

以电子束辐照交联聚丙烯(IXPP)泡沫薄板为原材料, 首先利用热压工艺对微观结构进行改性, 然后采用电晕充电方法对样品实施极化处理, 使之具有压电效应, 成为压电驻极体. 通过准静态和动态压电系数d₃₃、复电容谱, 以及等温衰减的测量, 研究了IXPP压电驻极体膜的机电耦合性能; 同时考察了基于IXPP压电驻极体膜的振动能量采集器在{3-3}模式下对环境振动能的俘获. 结果表明, IXPP压电驻极体的准静态压电系数d₃₃可高达620 pC/N; 厚度方向的杨氏模量和品质因数(FOM, d₃₃·g₃₃)分别是0.7 MPa和11.2 GPa^-1; 在50, 70和90℃下进行等温老化, 经过24 h后, IXPP压电驻极体膜的准静态压电系数d₃₃分别降低到初始值的54%, 43%和29%; 采用面积为3.14 cm²的IXPP压电驻极体膜为换能元件, 当振子质量为25.6 g, 振动频率为820 Hz时, 振动能量采集器在匹配负载附近可以输出高达65 μW/g²的功率.     

Eu3+掺杂的铌酸钠钾陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相烧结法制备了Eu³⁺掺杂的铌酸钠钾（KNN）陶瓷。用X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光光谱测试仪和LCR精确阻抗测试仪等对其结构、发光性能和介电性能进行表征。XRD结果显示样品为钙钛矿结构。荧光分析结果表明,致密度对KNN陶瓷材料发光性能有一定的影响,Eu³⁺掺杂量是影响其发光性能的重要因素。其中掺杂Eu摩尔分数为4%的样品在930℃焙烧后其发光最强,在396 nm紫外光激发下,发射光谱最强峰在614 nm,对应于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀-⁷F₂电偶极跃迁。样品经3 kV/cm、110℃极化30 min后进行压电性能检测,结果表明提高Eu³⁺掺杂量以及陶瓷的致密度,可改善压电性能。其中掺杂4%Eu的KNN压电常数D₃₃最大为98 pC/N,在1 kHz、100℃时,介电常数最小为217,介电损耗tanθ=0.199,且仍然保持较高的居里温度T_c=426℃。     

Improvement of sintering,nonlinear electrical,and dielectric properties of ZnO-based varistors doped with TiO_2

The effects of TiO_2 on sintering and nonlinear electrical properties of(98.5-x)ZnO–0.5MnO_2–0.5Co_2O_3-0.5Bi_2O_(3–x)TiO_2(x = 0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 mol%) ceramic varistors prepared by the ceramic technique are investigated in this work.The optimum sintering temperature of the prepared samples is deduced by determining the firing shrinkage and water absorption percentages.The optimum sintering temperature is found to be 1200℃,at which each of the samples shows a maximum firing shrinkage and minimum water absorption.Also minimum water absorption appears in a sample of x = 0.9 mol%.Higher sintering temperature and longer sintering time give rise to a reduction in bulk density due to the increased amount of porosity between the large grains of ZnO resulting from the rapid grain growth induced by the liquid phase sintering.The crystal size of ZnO decreases with increasing TiO_2 doping.The addition of TiO_2 improves the nonlinear coefficient and attains its maximum value at x = 0.7 mol% of TiO_2,further addition negatively affects it.A decrease in capacitance consequently in the dielectric constant is recorded with increasing the frequency in a range of 30 kHz–200 kHz.The temperature and composition dependences of the dielectric constant and AC conductivity are also studied.The increase of temperature raises the dielectric constant because it increases ionic response to the field at any particular frequency.