复标度方法对原子核单粒子共振态的研究

在相对论平均场理论框架下, 利用复标度方法研究了 Zr 同位素的单粒子共振问题. 以 ¹²²Zr 为例, 演示了复标度方法确定共振态的具体步骤, 确定了 ¹²²Zr 所有可能共振态的能量和宽度, 以及相应共振态的复标度波函数, 并与耦合常数的解析延拓方法进行了比较.在此基础上, 进一步系统研究了 Zr 同位素的共振问题, 获得了与散射相移方法一致的结果.     

实稳定方法研究原子核单粒子共振态

介绍了坐标空间的实稳定方法处理共振问题的基本思想, 并把它应用于求解球形势阱中的共振态. 在确定大小的坐标空间利用束缚态边条件求解散射问题, 得到一系列本征态. 基于共振态的类束缚态性质, 本征能量随坐标空间尺度的改变而缓慢变化的态对应着共振态. 利用本征波函数, 可以计算本征能量对应的相移值. 拟合本征能量和相移得到共振能量和共振宽度.     

Sb吸附在InP(110)表面电子性质的理论研究

利用形式散射的格林函数方法,研究了Sb在InP(110)表面单层吸附时的电子性质．分别计算了清洁的InP(110)弛豫表面和InP(110)-Sb(1ML)体系的表面态的性质,指出了表面态和表面共振态产生的原因．所得结果与实验相符. 关键词：     

基于实稳定方法求解单粒子共振态的Wigner函数

利用坐标空间的实稳定方法,求解了一维势场中单粒子散射态与其中共振态的本征值问题,由得到的单粒子本征波函数进一步给出相应的Wigner函数,分析了单粒子散射态与其中共振态的相空间分布特征.发现除了本征能量与本征波函数存在差异,Wigner函数在相空间的具体分布行为也可用于区分单粒子共振态与一般的散射态,在相关的量子测量实验中可能用作确定量子态的特征判据.     

As吸附在InP(110)表面电子性质的理论研究

利用形式散射的格林函数方法，研究了As在InP(110)表面不同吸附结构的电子性质.体材料采用实用的经验紧束缚近似方法的哈密顿，分别计算了As-P交换作用和形成外延连续层结构表面态的性质，指出了表面态和表面共振态产生的原因.在计算中，一些表面紧束缚相互作用参数进行了调整，所得结果好于其他理论方法. 关键词：     

单粒子共振态的实稳定方法研究

基于实稳定方法的基本思想，在坐标空间求解了一维势阱和三维球对称势阱中的单粒子共振态，得到的共振能量、宽度和波函数等与散射相移法以及耦合常数的解析延拓方法的结果一致. 关键词： 共振态 实稳定方法 相移 共振宽度     

用夸克集团模型推导的S=－1的NY系统的等效定域势

在GCM框架下,重解了S=－1的NY系统的动力学问题,并去掉了文献[6]中的伪共振态.然后用双富里叶变换将GCM核函数转换成RGM核函数,进而计算了S=－1的NY系统的等效定域势.结果表明这些势与Yamamoto等人用SU(3)OBE模型加上唯象硬心的结果相似,且能很好地重现GCM的散射相移.     

重费米子超导体CeCoIn_5中的局域电子结构研究

重费米子材料CeCoIn_5具有相似于高温铜氧化物和铁基超导体的奇异物性,大量实验揭示其超导电性可能由反铁磁自旋涨落引起,表现出d波非常规超导配对态.在本文中,我们从CeCoIn_5的双能带模型出发,通过考虑杂质散射效应,应用T矩阵近似和格林函数方法,在弱散射和强散射情况下,分别计算费米能级附近的局域电子密度态性质.我们发现杂质诱导的共振态局域在杂质周围,其空间调制结构强烈依赖于d波配对序参量的节线方向,这些新奇物性有助于确认其d_(x~2-y~2)波配对对称性.     

手征SU(3)夸克模型研究低能Nπ散射相移

在手征,SU(3),夸克模型中,通过求解共振群方程动力学地研究了同位旋,I=1/2,和,I=3/2,道,Nπ,的,S,波和,P,波低能弹性散射相移.所用的模型参数由基态八重态和十重态重子的能量定出, 并能给出不同分波的,KN,散射相移.除了有明显共振态的道以外, 计算得到的各个分波的,Nπ,散射相移和实验值定性一致.     

基于有限元法的光子并矢格林函数重整化及其在自发辐射率和能级移动研究中的应用

任意微纳结构中量子点的自发辐射率和能级移动均可用并矢格林函数表达.当源点和场点在同一位置时,格林函数的实部是发散的.为解决这一发散问题,可采用重整化格林函数方法.本文提出一种计算重整化格林函数和散射格林函数的方法.该方法利用有限元,计算点电偶极子的辐射场,将其在量子点体积内做平均得到重整化的并矢格林函数,减去均匀空间中解析的重整化格林函数,得到重整化的散射格林函数.在均匀空间情况下,本方法所得数值结果与解析解一致.将该方法应用到银纳米球系统,以解析的散射格林函数作为参考,结果表明该方法能准确处理散射格林函数的重整化问题.将该方法应用到表面等离激元纳米腔中,发现有极大的自发辐射增强和能级移动,且该结果不依赖于量子点的体积.这些研究在光与物质相互作用领域具有积极的意义.     

超冷温度下钾和铯原子间弹性散射特性的精确计算

本文分别用量子方法和半经典方法计算了超冷钾和铯原子之间弹性碰撞的s波散射长度,有效力程和p波散射长度等散射参数. 超冷温度下³⁹K-¹³³Cs原子间的弹性散射截面主要为s波贡献,随着碰撞能量的增加散射截面有丰富的形状共振出现, 计算发现单重态和三重态截面分别存在显著的g波和d波形状共振.另外,本文应用简并内态近似方法获得了⁴¹K-¹³³Cs 超精细态相互作用时的s波散射长度.     

超冷钠原子弹性散射特性的精确计算

基于精确的原子之间相互作用势,系统研究了钠原子在超冷温度下的弹性散射特性,精确计算了钠原子间碰撞时的s波散射长度、有效力程、p波散射长度以及束缚态数目等散射参数.超冷温度下单重态和三重态原子间的弹性散射截面主要为s波贡献,随着碰撞能量的增加散射截面有丰富的形状共振出现,计算发现单重态和三重态散射截面分别存在显著的f波和i波形状共振.应用简并内态近似方法获得了超精细态相互作用时的s波散射长度,所得结果与精确值比较符合.     

Direct Detection of Dark Matter with Resonant Annihilation

In the scenario where the dark matter (DM) particles χχ pair annihilate through a resonance particle R, the constraint from DM relic density makes the corresponding cross section for DM-nuclei elastic scattering extremely small, and can be below the neutrino background induced by the coherent neutrino-nuclei scattering, which makes the DM particle beyond the reach of the conventional DM direct detection experiments. We present an improved analytical calculation of the DM relic density in the case of resonant DM annihilation for s- and p-wave cases and invesitgate the condition for the DM-nuclei scattering cross section to be above the neutrino background. We show that in Higgs-portal type models, for DM particles with s-wave annihilation, the spin-independent DM-nucleus scattering cross section is proportional to Γ_R/m_R, the ratio of the decay width and the mass of R. For a typical DM particle mass ～50 GeV, the condition leads to Γ_R/m_R ≥O(10^-4). In p-wave annihilation case, the spin-independent scattering cross section is insensitive to Γ_R/m_R, and is always above the neutrino background, as long as the DM particle is lighter than the top quark. The real singlet DM model is discussed as a concrete example.     

Unstable states produced in multiparticle reactions

Normalized wavefunctions for unstable-particle states are constructed to meet the following physically plausible specifications. The wavefunctions of such states should enter into the theoretical production cross section in the same manner as the boundstate wavefunctions of stable particles. The cross section for the production of an unstable particle should be equal to the breakup cross section integrated over the resonance minus the background. For this purpose the multiparticle reaction cross section is brought into a form such that final-state resonances and interference corrections can be exhibited explicitly. The present theory is limited to unstable particles that decay into one or several two-body channels. For heuristic purposes, rearrangement and breakup scattering for three simple particles is treated numerically. For two particles interacting via a local potential, the wavefunction of the unstable state and the scattering phase shifts are computed with a simple algebraic technique. In order to treat complex multiparticle systems, we extend the resonance theory of simple two-particle systems to resonances in multiparticle two-body channels.     

运用R矩阵方法研究低能电子与NO_2分子的散射

基于静电-交换和密耦合两种模型,采用R矩阵方法,研究了低能电子与二氧化氮自由基分子的积分散射截面和动量迁移散射截面,包括弹性散射和从电子基态到电子激发态的非弹性散射.采用aug-cc-pVTZ基组进行靶分子结构优化和散射研究.在密耦合模型中,包含6个电子的最低三个占据轨道1b_2,1a_1,2a_1被冻结,其余17个电子自由运动在活化空间中,并给活化空间增加了2b_1和7a_1两个虚轨道.包含了所有垂直激发能小于20 eV的靶分子电子组态,得到了收敛的散射截面,并与最新理论和实验值进行了比较.当入射能量小于4 eV时,本文结果与实验值符合得更好,校正了以往部分理论结果在极低能量处过高的现象,表明关联效应对于极低能量散射是非常重要的.     

Elastic electron scattering with CH2Br2 and CCl2Br2: The role of the polarization effects

We present elastic electron scattering cross sections with holmethane molecules CH₂Br₂ and CCl₂Br₂ in the low-energy region ranging from 0.01 eV to 20 eV. The calculations are performed with the R-matrix method in static-exchange plus polarization (SEP) and close-coupling (CC) approximations. The integral, differential, and momentum transfer cross sections are calculated. The convergence of the obtained cross sections is checked at four different levels of SEP approximation. The predicted positions of the resonances agree well with available results. The precise resonance parameters are found to be sensitive to the treatment of polarization effects employed. We find that the polarization has a substantial effect on the cross sections, and this effect becomes even more important for lower impact energies.     

Fano line shapes reconsidered: symmetric photoionization peaks from pure continuum excitation

In a photoionization spectrum in which there is no excitation of the discrete states, but only the underlying continuum, we have observed resonances which appear as symmetric peaks, not the commonly expected window resonances. Furthermore, since the excitation to the unperturbed continuum vanishes, the cross section expected from Fano's configuration interaction theory is identically zero. This shortcoming is removed by the explicit introduction of the phase shifted continuum, which demonstrates that the shape of a resonance, by itself, provides no information about the relative excitation amplitudes to the discrete state and the continuum.     

p-Wave interactions in low-dimensional fermionic gases

We study a spin-polarized degenerate Fermi gas interacting via a p-wave Feshbach resonance in an optical lattice. The strong confinement available in this system allows us to realize one- and two-dimensional gases and, therefore, to restrict the asymptotic scattering states of atomic collisions. When aligning the atomic spins along (or perpendicular to) the axis of motion in a one-dimensional gas, scattering into channels with the projection of the angular momentum of /m/ = 1 (or m = 0) can be inhibited. In two and three dimensions, we observe the doublet structure of the p-wave Feshbach resonance. For both the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional gases, we find a shift of the position of the resonance with increasing confinement due to the change in collisional energy. In a three-dimensional optical lattice, the losses on the Feshbach resonance are completely suppressed.     

Extracting the complex energy of broad resonances by the <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-matrix pole method

A new method is proposed for finding the resonance parameters of a nuclear system, obtained from the phase shift analysis of elastic scattering data, by means of a pole representation of an S-matrix in complex momentum space is proposed. This method is based on the expansion of the potential phase shift into a Taylor series within the area of real momentum near the resonance pole. The coefficients of the expansion and resonance parameters are determined by fitting the analytical expression for the experimental phase shift. The proposed method provides reliable values of the energy and width of broad resonances.     

Elastic electron scattering with formamide-(H2O)n complexes (n=1, 2): Influence of microsolvation on the π* and σ* resonances

We report elastic cross sections for low-energy electron scattering with formamide-(H₂O)_n complexes (n=1, 2) in the energy region of 0.01-8 eV. The scattering calculations are performed using the R-matrix method in the static-exchange (SE) approximation. We consider three structures of formamide-H₂O and six structures of formamide-(H₂O)₂ in the present work. Our purpose is to investigate effects of water molecules hydrogen-bonding to formamide. We focus on the influence of microsolvation on the π^* and σ^* resonances of formamide. The scattering result for complexes shows that the position of π^* resonance appears at lower or higher energies in the cluster than in the isolated formamide depending on the complex structure and the water role in the hydrogen bonding. We explain this behavior according to the net charge of the solute. It is found that the microsolvation environment has a substantial effect on the width of π^* resonance. Our results indicate that surrounding water molecules may affect the lifetime of the resonances, and hence the process is driven by the anion state, such as the dissociative electron attachment.