Bond数变化对固壁液滴接触角的影响

本文利用微重力落塔实验研究了Bond数改变时,PTFE和铝板表面上正滴和倒滴接触角的动态变化。实验发现液滴接触角与Bond数的大小有关,当Bond数趋于0时,还与其放置状态有关。本文采用VOF方法对Bond数变化引起的液滴形状及内部流动变化进行二维数值模拟,结果显示液滴内部的流动控制着液滴的外形和接触角。     

图像处理技术用于计算液滴体积

液体的液滴体积大小包含了该液体的许多物理、化学特性,提出用图像处理技术测量液滴体积的方法。通过CCD摄像机实时采集液滴生长过程中的轮廓变化情况,通过图像处理系统存储图像并运用Sobel或Laplacian检测算子进行边缘提取,最后根据液滴的轮廓边缘积分计算出液滴的体积。给出了液滴生成过程的CCD图像记录和液滴体积变化曲线。     

大功率速调管自激振荡实验研究

利用北京自由电子激光装置中的微波系统,进行了大功率速调管自激振荡的实验研究.通过调节速调管在振荡模式工作时的反馈回路参数,对速调管自激振荡输出功率、频率和频率稳定性、建立时间等性能进行了测量,实验结果说明大功率速调管振荡工作模式可以满足作为电子直线加速器微波功率源的要求.     

铝液滴撞击曲面的流动特性分析

为揭示高表面张力的铝液滴撞击弯曲壁面的铺展机制,基于流体体积方法建立了铝液滴撞壁的数值计算模型,通过分析韦伯数(We)、奥内佐格数(Oh)以及壁面曲率(k)对液滴碰壁过程的影响规律,探索了铝液滴在曲面上的铺展特性与流动机理.研究结果表明:随着We的增大,铝液滴的撞壁行为模式依次表现为黏附、反弹以及破碎射流;由于铺展和回缩过程都会产生能量耗散,因此液滴回缩速度要小于其铺展速度.在撞壁过程中,接触点处产生了两次压力峰和速度峰,分别出现在撞壁时刻与即将反弹时刻.随着k的增加,液滴的最大铺展系数不断增加,且在平面上最小,但曲率变化对液滴铺展速度的影响并不突出.基于计算结果,通过引入k对铺展系数预测模型作出了修正.同时,基于能量守恒定律,对铝液滴在曲面上的流动过程进行分析,建立了多因素耦合作用下的铺展系数计算模型.与撞击平面相比,液滴在曲面上的铺展系数不仅与液滴的运动参数、壁面的润湿性有关,还与壁面曲率与液滴曲率之比有关.本文提出的两种预测模型均能为实际的工程应用提供参考依据.     

双程放大实验中自激振荡的抑制

通过对国内首次采用离轴式构型的高功率固体激光器双程放大实验中自激振荡的实验,分析了自激振荡产生的原因,在不需增加隔离器的情况下得到了抑制自激振荡的方法,从而为解决多程放大实验中的自激振荡问题提供了具体的指导方法。     

钛表面液滴冻结的实验研究

基于可视化实验系统,研究了钛表面静止液滴的冻结行为,分析了底板倾斜角度对液滴的相变时间和接触直径的影响,以及液滴体积大小对相变时间的影响.结果 表明:底板倾斜角度对液滴相变时间的影响并不是单调的,随着底板倾斜角度增加相变时间呈现先减小再增加最后又减小的趋势,底板倾斜角度为0°以及35°时,相变时间最长;液滴的接触直径随...     

双程放大实验中自激振荡的抑制

 通过对国内首次采用离轴式构型的高功率固体激光器双程放大实验中自激振荡的实验,分析了自激振荡产生的原因,在不需增加隔离器的情况下得到了抑制自激振荡的方法,从而为解决多程放大实验中的自激振荡问题提供了具体的指导方法。     

驻波热声系统的自激振荡机理

热声发动机的起振过程是一个产生并维持自激振荡的过程, 研究热声自激振荡机理有助于进一步了解热声效应的实质. 根据热声网络理论, 建立了驻波热声发动机的整机网络. 将热声网络比拟成电网络, 利用厄米特式计算了输入热声网络的视在功流, 功流平衡对应自激, 在角频率虚部为零的情况下计算了热声发动机的阈值温度和运行频率. 结果表明, 计算值与实验值符合得较好, 充气压力与阈值温度和运行频率的耦合关系大致相同. 所得结论有助于进一步探究热声效应机理以及热声发动机系统的优化设计.     

秋千参数自激振动的数学模型与数值模拟

将秋千视为变长度单摆,基于归一化高斯函数构造了摆球相对摆杆的速度表达式.在此基础上建立了秋千的非线性动力学微分方程,并据此数学模型对秋千运动进行了数值模拟,得到了秋千的运动规律和功能转化的机制.     

超疏水表面液滴的振动特性及其与液滴体积的关系

超疏水表面液滴的振动特性与接触线的移动、液滴体积、基底振幅等因素密切相关.本文在基底振幅较小且恒定的条件下,研究了超疏水表面液滴的共振振幅、模式区间、共振频率等振动特性及其与液滴体积(20—500μL)的关系.此外,将基于一般性疏水表面建立的Noblin共振频率计算模型应用于超疏水表面,并提出虚驻点的概念,借此对模...     

液滴振荡模型及与数值模拟的对比

由于碰撞壁面后液滴内部流动的复杂性, 以及气-液-固三相间的相互作用, 对液滴碰撞壁面形态变化的数学理论研究有较大的难度, 因此所见者多为实验和数值模拟. 本文通过对液滴受力状态的分析, 得到了惯性力、黏性力和表面张力带经验系数的表达式, 并进一步建立了液滴碰撞壁面振荡模型, 得到了液滴铺展半径的振荡表达式, 以及表面张力、黏性系数等参数对液滴铺展的影响. 最后通过与液滴衰减振荡数值模拟结果的对比, 确定了液滴振荡模型中的修正系数, 验证了模型的可行性. 关键词： 液滴碰撞 振荡 铺展半径/高度 数值模拟     

Numerical and analytic investigation of the dynamics of hollow droplet impact onto substrate

A numerical and analytical model is proposed for the impact of a hollow melt droplet onto the surface of a solid polished substrate. The model is based on integral laws of the mass and energy conservation of the colliding droplet, it accounts for capillary and adhesion properties of the melt. The main parameters of the high-velocity deformation of a hollow particle have been computed: the variation of its height, shell thickness, and the contact spot diameter up to the moment of the spreading droplet solidification as well as the pressure variation inside the droplet until the moment of the shell rupture. The critical pressure value at which the rupture occurs is estimated by a formula characterizing the spherical shell strength. Quite a fair agreement of the computed values of the final diameter of the splat of a spread and solidified droplet with the data of physical experiment is shown. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 06-01-00080) as well as within the framework of the Interdisciplinary Integration Project of SB RAS No. 90 for the years 2006–2008 “Scientific Fundamentals of the Creation of Multi-Layer Nano-Structural Coatings and Interfaces in Heterogeneous Materials for Operation in the Fields of Extreme External Effects”.     

Perspectives on water science: transport and application of confined water

The confinements of water can be divided into two main categories,namely,the confinements on surface or interface and the confinements in bulk water.By adding ions or applying electric field,the intensity and distribution of the hydrogen bonds can be greatly affected.These are collectively known as confinement on water surface or interface,which has potential applications in life science and industries involving evaporation control.Confined bulk water could be found everywhere in nature,such as in granular and porous materials,macromolecules and gels,etc.The investigation of the physical properties and the transports of the confined bulk water will contribute to understanding certain types of life activities such as the water transport in plant and in new application of extracting the shale oil and water.     

Microgravity droplet combustion: effect of tethering fiber on burning rate and flame structure

Droplets tethering on fibers has become a well established technique for conducting droplet combustion experiments in microgravity conditions. The effects of these supporting fibers are frequently assumed to be negligible and are not considered in the experimental analysis or in numerical simulations. In this work, the effect of supporting fibers on the characteristics of microgravity droplet combustion has been investigated numerically; a priori predictions have then been compared with published experimental data. The simulations were conducted using a transient one-dimensional spherosymmetric droplet combustion model, where the effect of the supporting fiber was implicitly taken into account. The model applied staggered convective flux finite volume method combined with high-order implicit time integration. Thermal radiation was evaluated using a statistical narrow band radiation model. Chemical kinetics and thermophysical properties were represented in rigorous detail. Tether fiber diameter, droplet diameter, ambient pressure and oxygen concentration were varied over a range for n-decane droplets in the simulations. The results of the simulations were compared to previously published experiments conducted in the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) 10 second drop tower and the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) 5.2 second drop tower. The model reproduces closely nearly all aspects of tethered n-decane droplet burning phenomena, which included droplet burning history, transient and average burning rate, and flame standoff ratio. The predictions show that the presence of the tethering fiber significantly influences the observed burning rate, standoff ratio, and extinction.     

电子回流对相对论速调管稳定工作的影响

模拟研究了电子束电压、电流及注入微波功率等参数对相对论速调管放大器中电子回流产生的影响,模拟发现注入微波过高、电子束电压过低及电子束电流过大都会导致电子回流。同时研究了回流电子对相对论速调管稳定工作的影响,研究发现,电子的回流会引起自激振荡,进而导致锁频锁相失败,器件不能稳定工作。     

测定GaAs(001)衬底上InAs的生长速率

报道了间接测定InAs生长速率的方法.通过设置不同Ga源温度,固定In源温度;和固定Ga源温度,设置不同In源温度,在GaAs(001)衬底上生长GaAs与InGaAs,用RHEED强度振荡测定GaAs与InGaAs的生长速率.验证了InGaAs的生长速率为GaAs的生长速率与InAs的生长速率之和,得到了In源温度在845～880℃时InAs的生长速率曲线.