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霍尔效应是凝聚态领域中古老却又极具潜力的研究领域,其起源可以追溯到数百年前. 1879年,霍尔发现将载流导体置于磁场中时,磁场带来的洛伦兹力将使得电子在导体的一侧积累,这一新奇的物理现象被命名为霍尔效应.之后,一系列新的霍尔效应被发现,包括反常霍尔效应、量子霍尔效应、自旋霍尔效应、拓扑霍尔效应和平面霍尔效应等.值得注意的是,霍尔效应能够实现不同方向的粒子流之间的相互转化,因此在信息传输过程中扮演着重要的角色.在玻色子体系(如磁子)中,相应的一系列磁子霍尔效应也被发现,他们共同推动了以磁子为基础的自旋电子学的发展.本文回顾了近年来在磁子体系中的霍尔效应,简述其现代半经典的处理方法,包括虚拟电磁场理论和散射理论等.并进一步介绍了磁子霍尔效应的物理起源,概述了不同类型磁子的霍尔效应.最后,对磁子霍尔效应的发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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研究了圆环型波导依照蜂窝结构排列的声子晶体系统中的拓扑相变.利用晶格结构的点群对称性实现赝自旋,并在圆环中引入旋转气流来打破时间反演对称性.通过紧束缚近似模型计算的解析结果表明,没有引入气流时,调节几何参数,系统存在普通绝缘体和量子自旋霍尔效应绝缘体两个相;引入气流后,可以实现新的时间反演对称性破缺的量子自旋霍尔效应相,而增大气流强度,则可以实现量子反常霍尔效应相.这三个拓扑相可以通过自旋陈数来分类.通过有限元软件模拟了多个系统中边界态的传播,发现不同于量子自旋霍尔效应相,量子反常霍尔相系统的表面只支持一种自旋的边界态,并且它无需时间反演对称性保护. 相似文献
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在经典的物理学理论中,声子广泛地被认为是线极化的、不具有角动量的.最近的理论研究发现,在具有自旋声子相互作用的磁性体系(时间反演对称性破缺)中,声子可以携带非零的角动量,在零温时声子除了具有零点能以外还带有零点角动量;非零的声子角动量将会修正通过爱因斯坦-德哈斯效应测量的回磁比.在非磁性材料中,总的声子角动量为零,但是在空间反演对称性破缺的六角晶格体系中,其倒格子空间的高对称点上声子具有角动量,并具有确定的手性;三重旋转对称操作给予声子量子化的赝角动量,赝角动量的守恒将决定电子谷间散射的选择定则;此外还理论预测了谷声子霍尔效应. 相似文献
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在国产桑塔纳、奥迪、红旗、捷达等轿车电路上经常可以看到"霍尔"(Hall)这个名称,如霍尔式电子点火系统中就有一只霍尔传感器,专门给发动机电控单元(ECU)提供电压信号. 相似文献
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Francis Bern Michael Ziese Kathrin Dörr Andreas Herklotz Ionela Vrejoiu 《固体物理学:研究快报》2013,7(3):204-206
High quality orthorhombic and tetragonal SrRuO3 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3(001) and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 buffered LaAlO3(001) substrates. Resistivity vs. temperature curves showed a slope change at a Curie temperature of 147.5 ± 2 K for 40 nm thick films irrespective of crystalline symmetry. The Hall resistivity of both films contained an anomalous Hall contribution. The anomalous Hall coefficient was positive throughout the whole temperature range for the tetragonal film, whereas it showed a sign change at 143 K for the orthorhombic film. This is a strong indication that the Berry‐phase mechanism is the dominant anomalous Hall effect mechanism in SrRuO3. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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Two different gauge potential methods are engaged to calculate explicitly the spin Hall conductivity in graphene. The graphene Hamiltonian with spin-orbit interaction is expressed in terms of kinematic momenta by introducing a gauge potential. A formulation of the spin Hall conductivity is established by requiring that the time evolution of this kinematic momentum vector vanishes. We then calculated the conductivity employing the Berry gauge fields. We show that both of the gauge fields can be deduced from the pure gauge field arising from the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformations. 相似文献
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We present a theoretical study of fractional quantum Hall physics in a rotating gas of strongly interacting photons in a single cavity with a large optical nonlinearity. Photons are injected into the cavity by a Laguerre–Gauss laser beam with a non-zero orbital angular momentum. The Laughlin-like few-photon eigenstates appear as sharp resonances in the transmission spectra. Using additional localized repulsive potentials, quasi-holes can be created in the photon gas and then braided around in space: an unambiguous signature of the many-body Berry phase under exchange of two quasi-holes is observed as a spectral shift of the corresponding transmission resonance. 相似文献
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Recently, a generalization of Laughlin‘s wave function expressed in Haldane‘s spherical geometry is con-structed in 4D quantum Hall effect. In fact, it is a membrane wave function in CP3 space. In this article, we usenon-Abelian Berry phase to analyze the statistics of this membrane wave function. Our results show that the membranewave function obeys fractional statistics. It is the rare example to realize fractional statistics in higher-dimensional spacethan 2D. And, it will help to make clear the unresolved problems in 4D quantum Hall effect. 相似文献
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WANGKe-Lin WANShao-Long CHENQing XUFei 《理论物理通讯》2003,40(2):221-224
Recently, a generalization of Laughlin‘s wave function expressed in Haldane‘s spherical geometry is con-structed in 4D quantum Hall effect. In fact, it is a membrane wave function in CP3 space. In this article, we use non-Abelian Berry phase to anaJyze the statistics of this membrane wave function. Our results show that the membrane wave function obeys fractional statistics. It is the rare example to realize fractional statistics in higher-dimensiona space than 2D. And, it will help to make clear the unresolved problems in 4D quantum Hall effect. 相似文献
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We describe an intrinsic spin-Hall effect (SHE) in n-type bulk zinc-blende semiconductors with a topological origin. When a collimated flux of electrons is injected into a zinc-blende semiconductor with Dresselhaus spin–orbit interaction, a nontrivial gauge structure appears in the momentum space of the electrons. The Berry curvature of this gauge field and the corresponding Lorentz force in -space results in a finite SHE. The value of the spin-Hall current is found to be highly dependent on the degree of electron collimation, which may be varied by means of gate electrodes. Therefore, the system may potentially be useful as an electronically controllable source of pure spin-current for spintronic applications. 相似文献
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文章回顾了电子的拓扑几何理论发展的初期,大约二十多年的历史。首先介绍拓扑陈数在凝聚态物理中的两个重要应用。其一关于量子霍尔效应,绝缘条件下霍尔电导可以写成一个陈数拓扑不变量,从而解释实验结果的精确量子化。其二关于绝热泵浦,它描述布洛赫能带的绝热电流响应,与电子极化有密切联系。拓扑陈数是布里渊区上贝里曲率的积分,后者本身也有独立的物理意义。接着介绍贝里曲率对电子动力学的影响,包括反常速度和轨道磁化等概念。作者还将这个理论推广到多带情况,使其可以应用到自旋输运等现象。最后,文中展示了再量子化方法,从半经典模型来获得布洛赫电子的有效量子理论。在非相对论极限下,泡利—薛定谔方程可以看作是狄拉克电子在正能谱上的等效量子理论,其中的自旋轨道耦合即是一种几何物理效应。 相似文献