周期驱动的二能级系统中的准宇称-时间对称动力学

本文研究了一个周期驱动的非宇称-时间对称二能级量子系统的非厄米动力学.通过经典相空间分析方法,解出了该非厄米系统的Floquet态和准能谱,并解析构造了由该非厄米哈密顿量支配下的量子态的非幺正时间演化算符,给出了不同参数区域的量子态演化.本文数值和分析证明,该非宇称-时间对称二能级Floquet系统,类似于宇称-时间对称系统,存在一个准能谱从实数谱到复数谱的相变.本文还揭示了在量子态的动态演化中存在一种准宇称-时间对称动力学,即,该系统的粒子布居概率演化完全满足时间空间对称(宇称-时间对称),但是由于相位演化违反了宇称-时间对称性的要求,因此包含相位信息的量子态演化不满足时间空间对称(宇称-时间对称).这些结果加深了对非厄米物理的理解,拓展和推广了传统的宇称-时间对称概念.     

PT对称的非厄米体系的能谱性质

选取一维量子体系,讨论了体系两端PT对称的复势能对其能谱的影响,发现该势能在改变体系能谱方面有特殊作用.并且,如果势能强度足够大,它能够引起能谱的简并.利用微扰理论计算了势能较弱时的体系能谱,以便于理解PT对称的非厄米体系的能谱性质.相信本文有助于加深对量子力学中基础和前沿知识的融合与理解.     

再谈“PT对称的非厄米体系的能谱性质”

本文详细讨论了具有PT对称的一维量子系统虚数势对能谱的影响,补充了《大学物理》2018年第3期《PT对称的非厄米体系的能谱性质》一文在系统维度为奇数情况下的结论.     

高维宇称-时间对称系统中的信息恢复与临界性

近期,满足宇称-时间对称性的非厄米系统的研究取得了令人印象深刻的进展,如物理系统拓扑性质和奇异点处临界性的观测.宇称-时间对称的非幺正动力学的一个至关重要的方面就是系统与环境之间的信息流动.本文利用量子态间的可区分性这一物理量,统一量化了低维与高维宇称-时间对称的非厄米系统和环境之间的信息流动.数值计算结果表明,在宇称-时间对称性保持的相区域可以观测到量子态间可区分性的振荡以及完全的信息恢复.然而在宇称时间对称性破坏的相区域,信息处于指数衰减的状态.奇异点处标志着信息流动的可逆与不可逆的临界性,量子态间的可区分性表现出幂律衰减的行为.理解非幺正量子动力学中的这些独特的现象为研究开放量子系统提供了重要视角,并且有助于其在量子信息中的应用.     

非线性增光子热态的非经典特性

本文从描述驻波激光场与囚禁离子相互作用的非线性Jaynes-Cummings模型出发,引入一种新的量子态,即非线性增光子热态.采用理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法,研究了Lamb-Dicke参数,温度和激光场的初相位等参数对这种量子态的非经典效应的影响.结果表明:非线性增光子热态的Mandel Q因子随温度的变化存在一个极小值.Lamb-Dicke参数越大,非线性增光子热态的非经典效应就越强.此外驻波场的初相位也对该态的非经典效应有明显的影响.     

两量子比特系统中相互作用对高阶奇异点的影响

近年来,与环境耦合的非厄米开放系统成为人们研究的热点.非厄米体系中的奇异点会发生本征值和本征态的聚合,是区分厄米体系的重要性质之一.在具有宇称-时间反演对称性的体系中,奇异点通常伴随着对称性的自发破缺,存在很多值得探究的新奇物理现象.以往的研究多关注无相互作用系统中的二阶奇异点,对具有相互作用的多粒子系统,及其中可能出现的高阶奇异点讨论较少,特别是相关的实验工作尚未见报道.本文研究了具有宇称-时间反演对称性的两量子比特体系,证明了该体系中存在三阶奇异点,并且量子比特间的伊辛型相互作用能够诱导体系在三阶奇异点附近出现能量的高阶响应,可通过测量特定量子态占据数随时间的演化拟合体系本征值的方法来验证.其次通过探究该体系本征态的性质,展示了奇异点的态聚合特征,并提出了利用长时间演化后稳态的密度矩阵验证态聚合的方法.此外,还将理论的两量子比特哈密顿量映射到两离子实验系统中,基于¹⁷¹Yb~+囚禁离子系统设计了实现和调控奇异点,进而验证三阶响应的实验方案.这一方案具有极高的可行性,并有望对利用非厄米系统实现精密测量和高灵敏度量子传感器提供新的思路.     

制备囚禁冷离子的振动压缩量子态

基于非Lamb-Dicke近似下激光-离子相互作用的动力学规律,讨论了如何利用一系列的激光脉冲来驱动囚禁冷离子.从囚禁冷离子的运动基态出发获得压缩相干态、压缩奇偶相干态、压缩真空态等一系列的振动数态的叠加态.结果表明,只要适当地调节各个所用激光脉冲的长度和相位,总能很好逼近所需要的压缩量子态. 关键词： 囚禁冷离子 激光脉冲 压缩量子态     

基于线性与非线性干涉仪的量子精密测量研究进展

量子精密测量根据量子力学的基本原理,利用光、原子、磁之间的相互作用对待测物理量进行测量.随着实验条件和技术的成熟,如何利用干涉仪进一步提高位相信号这一物理量的测量精度从而打破散粒噪声的限制、突破标准量子极限并逼近海森伯极限成为研究的前沿课题.本文阐述了利用线性干涉仪(包括原子/光子干涉仪)与非线性干涉仪调用不同阶段的量子资源在测量过程中提高参数评估精度的几种方法,通过向干涉仪中输入非经典态来实现高精度测量,如压缩态、双数态、NOON态等,还介绍了为直接观测量子态而发展出的弱测量及其在非厄米系统中的应用和为消除参数之间精度制衡而提出的多参数测量.最后,对几种测量方法进行了分析比较,并展望了量子精密测量的发展前景.     

退相干条件下两比特纠缠态的量子非局域关联检验

量子纠缠态的量子非局域关联特性在当前量子信息和量子计算协议中起着重要的作用.然而,任何实际的物理系统都不可避免地与周围环境相互作用,使得在量子信道中的传输过程中,量子态会发生相干性退化,进而弱化量子态的量子非局域关联特性.本文利用一种基于Hardy-type佯谬的高概率量子非局域关联检验方案,分别研究了两比特偏振纠缠态在经过振幅阻尼信道(ADC)、相位阻尼信道(PDC)和退极化阻尼信道(DC)后的量子非局域关联检验情况.研究结果表明,DC传输信道对量子态的量子非局域关联检验特性影响较大,而PDC传输信道对量子态的量子非局域关联检验特性影响较小.最后,本文还给出了利用弱测量结合弱测量反转操作克服ADC退相干时,偏振纠缠态成功进行量子非局域关联检验的条件.结果表明,当弱测量的强度增大时,可有效地降低ADC退相干效应对偏振纠缠态成功进行量子非局域关联检验造成的影响.     

压缩真空态与压缩单光子态的相干叠加态的非经典性质

通过对量子比特态进行压缩操作,获得压缩真空态与压缩单光子态按一定的权重比例叠加而成的相干叠加态,此相干叠加态与压缩参数和权重因子有关,研究其非经典性和非高斯性.研究结果表明,通过压缩使得量子比特态的光子数分布范围变宽了.特别是从亚泊松分布和Wigner函数负定性情况分析了该量子态的非经典属性,从Wigner函数的边缘分布角度观察了该量子态的非高斯性.发现调节权重因子和压缩参数可以改善该态的非经典性和非高斯性.     

On Wigner functions and a damped star product in dissipative phase-space quantum mechanics

Dito and Turrubiates recently introduced an interesting model of the dissipative quantum mechanics of a damped harmonic oscillator in phase space. Its key ingredient is a non-Hermitian deformation of the Moyal star product with the damping constant as deformation parameter. We compare the Dito-Turrubiates scheme with phase-space quantum mechanics (or deformation quantization) based on other star products, and extend it to incorporate Wigner functions. The deformed (or damped) star product is related to a complex Hamiltonian, and so necessitates a modified equation of motion involving complex conjugation. We find that with this change the Wigner function satisfies the classical equation of motion. This seems appropriate since non-dissipative systems with quadratic Hamiltonians share this property.     

介观互感耦合阻尼并联双谐振电路的量子涨落

对介观互感耦合阻尼并联电路作双模耦合阻尼谐振子处理,将其量子化.通过三次幺正变换,将体系的哈密顿量对角化.在此基础上给出了体系的本征能谱,研究了Fock态、真空态下各回路电流和电压的量子涨落.     

A comment on quantum-mechanical damping

The question of introducing damping into quantum mechanics has come into prominence again. It is argued, from previous experience with the damping of a harmonic oscillator, that it is easy to violate the uncertainty principle, particularly if it is overlooked that absorbers are also emitters. The usual classical equations for a damped system are those for a smoothed variable, with the noise fluctuations subtracted. In the case of a damped harmonic oscillator the process of subtracting the noise and so defining a smoothed variable was examined many years ago, and to some extent can be used to justify present practice.     

Transmission of classical and quantum information through a quantum memory channel with damping

We consider the transfer of classical and quantum information through a memory amplitude damping channel. Such a quantum channel is modeled as a damped harmonic oscillator, the interaction between the information carriers — a train of qubits — and the oscillator being of the Jaynes-Cummings kind. We prove that this memory channel is forgetful, so that quantum coding theorems hold for its capacities. We analyze entropic quantities relative to two uses of this channel. We show that memory effects improve the channel aptitude to transmit both classical and quantum information, and we investigate the mechanism by which memory acts in changing the channel transmission properties.     

Study of Certain Aspects of Anharmonic,Time-Dependent and Damped Harmonic Oscillator Systems

The present review is devoted to the study of certain aspects of anharmonic, time-dependent and damped oscillator(s) system using different theoretical techniques. A theoretical understanding of these systems is important for application in many problems in physics, mechanics and other fields. We discuss in detail the difficulties in the theoretical analysis of the problem. In particular we discuss here the regular, well-behaved perturbative solution, the large quantum number behaviour of anharmonic oscillator(s) using the technique of coherent states, exact solution of quantum anharmonic oscillators, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a charged particle executing damped anharmonic oscillator motion using Krylov-Bogoliubov approximation method, use of invariants to obtain solution and coherent states of time-dependent oscillator(s), the derivation of perturbative frequencies of a damped coupled anharmonic oscillators system using suitable canonical transformation in the framework of Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and the quantisation and construction of coherent states of a damped oscillator using time-dependent operators.     

Quantum damped oscillator I: Dissipation and resonances

Quantization of a damped harmonic oscillator leads to so called Bateman’s dual system. The corresponding Bateman’s Hamiltonian, being a self-adjoint operator, displays the discrete family of complex eigenvalues. We show that they correspond to the poles of energy eigenvectors and the corresponding resolvent operator when continued to the complex energy plane. Therefore, the corresponding generalized eigenvectors may be interpreted as resonant states which are responsible for the irreversible quantum dynamics of a damped harmonic oscillator.     

The superspin approach to a disordered quantum wire in the chiral-unitary symmetry class with an arbitrary number of channels

We use a superspin Hamiltonian defined on an infinite-dimensional Fock space with positive definite scalar product to study localization and delocalization of noninteracting spinless quasiparticles in quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires perturbed by weak quenched disorder. Past works using this approach have considered a single chain. Here, we extend the formalism to treat a quasi-one-dimensional system: a quantum wire with an arbitrary number of channels coupled by random hopping amplitudes. The computations are carried out explicitly for the case of a chiral quasi-one-dimensional wire with broken time-reversal symmetry (chiral-unitary symmetry class). By treating the space direction along the chains as imaginary time, the effects of the disorder are encoded in the time evolution induced by a single site superspin (non-Hermitian) Hamiltonian. We obtain the density of states near the band center of an infinitely long quantum wire. Our results agree with those based on the Dorokhov–Mello–Pereyra–Kumar equation for the chiral-unitary symmetry class.     

Einstein-Hopf drag,Doppler shift of thermal radiation and blackbody drag: Three perspectives on quantum friction

The thermal friction force acting on an atom moving relative to a thermal photon bath has recently been calculated on the basis of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic field give rise to a drag force on an atom provided one allows for dissipation of the field energy via spontaneous emission. The drag force exists if the atomic polarizability has a nonvanishing imaginary part. Here, we explore alternative derivations. The damping of the motion of a simple harmonic oscillator is described by radiative reaction theory (result of Einstein and Hopf), taking into account the known stochastic fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Describing the excitations of the atom as an ensemble of damped harmonic oscillators, we identify the previously found expressions as generalizations of the Einstein-Hopf result. In addition, we present a simple explanation for blackbody friction in terms of a Doppler shift of the thermal radiation in the inertial frame of the moving atom: The atom absorbs blue-shifted photons from the front and radiates off energy in all directions, thereby losing energy. The original plus the two alternative derivations provide for additional confirmation of an intriguing quantum friction effect, and leave no doubt regarding its existence.