压缩六角点阵椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的低色散高双折射效应

设计了一种新型结构低色散高双折射光子晶体光纤,该光纤纤芯缺失一根空气柱,包层沿光纤长度方向排布压缩六角点阵椭圆空气孔.采用全矢量平面波法,对其色散和双折射特性进行了数值模拟.研究发现,通过改变光纤结构参数,即改变六角点阵压缩比ξ、相对孔间隔f和空气孔椭圆率η,可以调节该光纤低色散高双折射工作波长.若调整光纤结构参数ξ=048, f=035, η=055, x方向孔间隔Λ_x=12　μm时,该光纤呈现低色散高双折射效应,在1360—167 关键词： 导波与光纤光学 全矢量平面波法 低色散高双折射 六角点阵压缩比     

Yb3+：Pr3+：ZBLAN光纤中4f5d上转换激发的理论研究

利用粒子数速率方程和相关的辐射跃迁理论,计算了Yb³⁺:Pr³⁺:ZBLAN光纤中Pr³⁺离子4f5d能级两步上转换激发的动力学过程.得到不同Pr³⁺掺杂浓度下,激发光的光谱强度和粒子数密度的纵向分布和有效光纤长度随激发光的光谱强度的变化关系.另外,还得到了4f5d荧光强度与入射光强、光纤长度和Pr³⁺掺杂浓度的关系,给出了激发效率与激发光的光谱强度和Pr³⁺掺杂浓度的关系.     

单模费米热噪声信道量子容量的估计

从量子信道的算符求和表象出发,对单模费米系统量子信道进行了参数化.参数化的结果得到另一类费米热噪声量子信道.给出了两类费米热噪声量子信道上相干信息的最大值,以估计信道的量子容量. 关键词： 量子容量 相干信息 费米热噪声信道     

一种晶体光纤基模色散特性的矢量法分析

利用矢量有效折射率方法(矢量法)对光子晶体光纤基模的色散特性进行了数值模拟，并与双正交归一基矢量法以及标量有效折射率方法(标量法)的模拟结果进行了对比.发现所用矢量法的结果与双正交归一基矢量法的结果符合很好，而标量法在低空气填充率f或较高归一化波数A/λ时是一种较好的近似，在空气填充率f较高或归一化波数A/λ较低时，要得到精确的结果必须利用矢量法对光子晶体光纤的特性进行模拟.讨论了光子晶体光纤包层有效折射率与光纤结构的关系. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 矢量法 有效折射率 色散     

用于光声成像的高灵敏度光纤法珀腔传感器

针对用于光声成像的光纤法珀腔传感器,建立了考虑光电探测器的暗电流噪声和热噪声、探针光源的相对强度噪声和相位噪声的光纤法珀腔传感器的测声信噪比理论模型.理论分析讨论了法珀腔镀膜反射率、法珀腔长、压敏薄膜的厚度和有效半径等参数对光纤法珀腔传感器的测量灵敏度和信噪比的影响,为光纤法珀腔光声传感器的研制和性能优化提供了理论依据...     

六角点阵蜂窝状包层光子晶体光纤中的高双折射负色散效应

设计了一种六角点阵蜂窝状包层光子晶体光纤,该光纤中心缺失一根空气柱形成纤芯,包层由椭圆空气孔和小圆空气孔组成.基于全矢量有限元法并结合各向异性完美匹配层边界条件,对其双折射、色散、非线性系数、约束损耗和模场等特性进行了数值模拟;计算了具有相同参数的椭圆状包层光子晶体光纤的双折射、色散及非线性系数.结果发现,若调整光纤结构参数为孔间隔Λ=1.15μm,空气孔椭圆率η=0.5,相对孔间隔比f=0.48,小圆孔直径d₁=0.4μm时,在波长1.55μm处,该光纤的双折射B高达1.02×10^-2,比传统光纤高约两个数量级,同时,该光纤在低损耗通信窗口C波段呈现负色散和负色散斜率,其色散斜率在整个C波段附近在-0.132—-0.121ps·km^-1·nm^-2范围内波动,非线性系数为45.7 km^-1·W^-1,约束损耗接近10² dB·km^-1.蜂窝状包层比椭圆状包层光子晶体光纤的双折射及大负色散特性明显提高,非线性系数低,更有利于进行色散补偿.     

基于数字锁相放大器测量电阻热噪声

数字式锁相放大器利用相干解调的方法对有用信号进行搬移,再结合高Q值的窄带低通滤波器对搬移后的信号进行低通滤波,最后得到有用信号的幅值与相位信息.利用OE1022锁相放大器测量了电阻热噪声,使用LabVIEW采集电阻热噪声数据,并用MAD算法统计处理数据.实验结果表明:1kΩ～1MΩ的陶瓷电阻的热噪声测量值符合电阻热噪声理论.     

介观物理系统中的噪声

描述了介观物理系统中噪声的研究现况. 对热噪声和散粒噪声的物理起源做了详细介绍，热噪声是系统的能态占据数发生涨落引起的，而散粒噪声源于载流子传输的微粒特性. 还介绍了研究噪声的主要理论——散射理论，并给出了其在马鞍形半导体量子线和铁磁/绝缘体/半导体双异质结两种介观系统中的应用，指出了噪声研究的实际物理意义. 关键词： 介观物理 热噪声 散粒噪声 散射理论     

纳米尺度金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管沟道热噪声模型

随着CMOS工艺的发展,热载流子效应对沟道热噪声的影响随着器件尺寸的降低而增大,传统热噪声模型未能准确表征沟道的热噪声.本文通过解能量平衡方程,得到电子温度表达式,并结合沟道漏电流表达式,建立了沟道热噪声模型.利用建立的电子温度表达式,该热噪声模型考虑了热载流子效应的影响,并且在计算热噪声的过程中考虑了电子温度对迁移率降低的影响以及温度梯度对热噪声的影响.通过分析与计算,结果显示,随着器件尺寸的减小,温度梯度对电子温度产生显著影响,使得热载流子效应的影响增大,热载流子效应对热噪声的增长作用超过了迁移率降低对热噪声的减小作用,最终导致热噪声增大.本文建立的沟道热噪声模型可应用于纳米尺寸金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管器件的噪声性能分析及建模.     

面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光梳系统

报道了自主研制的面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光学频率梳,包括飞秒激光源,频率探测及控制单元,光谱展宽及拍频单元.光纤光梳系统中飞秒激光光源是一套基于非线性偏振旋转锁模机制的掺铒飞秒光纤激光器,重复频率为196.5MHz,中心波长为1 572nm.利用f-2f法探测载波包络相移频率,获得信噪比约为40dB的信号(分辨率带宽300kHz).改变飞秒激光光源泵浦控制载波包络相移频率、频率稳定度是3.74×10-18/τ1/2;通过电光晶体和压电陶瓷改变飞秒激光光源腔长来控制重复频率frep、频率稳定度是1.75×10-13/τ1/2.利用高非线性光纤和倍频晶体将光纤光梳直接输出光谱由1 520～1 607nm扩展到671nm,获得了单模功率为208nW的光信号.与671nm单频激光拍频产生约为60dB(分辨率带宽1Hz)信号,满足Li原子D1线频率测量实验的需求.     

高精度干涉式光纤陀螺热漂移分析

为了改进干涉式光纤陀螺的测量精度和温度性能,建立了该仪器输出偏置的解析模型。通过把光纤双折射这一从未被考察过的相位微扰与其它已知误差源进行线性叠加,该模型首次显式地把陀螺性能直接与光纤的力学、光学、热学和几何参数联系起来。利用该模型对常用于10-3 deg/h精度量级光纤陀螺的64层四极对称环圈进行计算,结果表明,保偏光纤所固有的高双折射及其温度涨落对陀螺输出偏置及其热漂移的影响分别在10-3 deg/h和10-2 deg/h量级,而过去研究较多的单模光纤中的舒普效应和热致光弹效应的影响分别在10-4 deg/h和10-3 deg/h量级。该模型表明保偏光纤所固有的高应力双折射是干涉式光纤陀螺的主要误差源,同时较为完备地描述了光纤陀螺中源于光纤性能的误差,也解释了该误差对光纤双折射的非线性依赖。     

光纤中热力学本征涨落相位噪声

根据涨落的热力学理论,详细分析和计算光纤中热力学本征涨落相位噪声的方均值。讨论它对光纤干涉仪的影响,把热力学本征涨落噪声和热力学本征驻波噪声进行比较     

Novel Jute/Polycardanol Biocomposites: Effect of Fiber Surface Treatment on Their Properties

In the present study, novel biocomposites with chopped jute fibers and thermosetting polycardanol were prepared using compression molding technique for the first time. Prior to biocomposite fabrication, jute fiber bundles were surface-treated at various concentrations using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APS), respectively. The interfacial shear strength, flexural properties and thermal properties of jute/polycardanol biocomposites reinforced with untreated and silane-treated jute fibers were investigated by means of single fiber microbonding test, three-point flexural test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and thermomechanical analysis. Both GPS and APS treatments played a role in improving the interfacial adhesion, reflecting that the organofunctional groups located at the end of silane coupling agents may contribute to linking between jute fibers and a polycardanol resin. As a result, it gave rise to increased interfacial shear strength of the biocomposites. Such interfacial improvement also led to increasing the flexural strength and modulus, storage modulus, thermal stability and thermomechanical stability.     

Mechanical and optical properties of silver-halide infrared transmitting fibers

This article presents a review of the optical and mechanical properties of infrared transmitting fibers extruded from single crystals of silver-halides at the Applied Physics Group in Tel-Aviv University during the last decade. The optical properties of Agcl_xBr_1-x crystals and fibers include the spectral transmission window, laser power transmission, the change of the power distribution traveling along the fiber, and the laser-induced breakdown. The mechanical properties include the investigation of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), hardness, and the elastic strain limits of these fibers and their composition dependence. The mechanical properties that involve single and multiple bending of fibers in the plastic and the elastic strain limits are also described.     

评估环圈光纤机械可靠性的模型

为评估应用于光纤陀螺和光纤电流传感器等传感领域的光纤环圈的机械可靠性,排除光纤涂覆和环圈灌胶等因素,必须评估所用光纤在弯曲状态下的机械可靠性.在已被广泛接受的均匀拉伸应力状态下通信光纤的机械可靠性模型基础上,根据这种环圈光纤在弯曲状态下的一般应力分布,对于绕环张力和弯曲应力同时存在的情形,建立了评估这种环圈光纤的机械可靠性的一种模型.该模型通过采用弯曲状态下光纤表面的最大弯曲应力值,和由于一般情况下弯曲中轴内侧的压缩应力远小于外侧拉伸应力的这一事实而忽略内侧的压缩应力,从而简化了弯曲应力的不均匀分布;同时通过该模型中所含的多个参量的选择给出了最为保守的结果.利用该模型进行的数值计算预测了采用不同直径的光纤分别绕制的不同环圈直径的环圈光纤在不同服役条件下的机械可靠性.结果表明,除了光纤半径和疲劳因子等这些光纤自身的固有因素外,绕环张力、环圈半径和筛选张力等工艺参量对环圈光纤的机械可靠性也是有重要影响.     

评估环圈光纤机械可靠性的模型

为评估应用于光纤陀螺和光纤电流传感器等传感领域的光纤环圈的机械可靠性,排除光纤涂覆和环圈灌胶等因素,必须评估所用光纤在弯曲状态下的机械可靠性.在已被广泛接受的均匀拉伸应力状态下通信光纤的机械可靠性模型基础上,根据这种环圈光纤在弯曲状态下的一般应力分布,对于绕环张力和弯曲应力同时存在的情形,建立了评估这种环圈光纤的机械可靠性的一种模型.该模型通过采用弯曲状态下光纤表面的最大弯曲应力值,和由于一般情况下弯曲中轴内侧的压缩应力远小于外侧拉伸应力的这一事实而忽略内侧的压缩应力,从而简化了弯曲应力的不均匀分布;同时通过该模型中所含的多个参量的选择给出了最为保守的结果.利用该模型进行的数值计算预测了采用不同直径的光纤分别绕制的不同环圈直径的环圈光纤在不同服役条件下的机械可靠性.结果表明,除了光纤半径和疲劳因子等这些光纤自身的固有因素外,绕环张力、环圈半径和筛选张力等工艺参量对环圈光纤的机械可靠性也是有重要影响.     

Long-external-cavity distributed Bragg reflector laser with subkilohertz intrinsic linewidth

We report on a simple, compact, and robust 780 nm distributed Bragg reflector laser with subkilohertz intrinsic linewidth. An external cavity with optical path length of 3.6 m, implemented with an optical fiber, reduces the laser frequency noise by several orders of magnitude. At frequencies above 100 kHz the frequency noise spectral density is reduced by over 33 dB, resulting in an intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth of 300 Hz. The remaining low-frequency noise is easily removed by stabilization to an external reference cavity. We further characterize the influence of feedback power and current variation on the intrinsic linewidth. The system is suitable for experiments requiring a tunable laser with narrow linewidth and low high-frequency noise, such as coherent optical communication, optical clocks, and cavity QED experiments.     

Highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass micro/nanofiber devices: Design, theory, and octave-spanning spectral generation

In this review we consider the basic elements of tapering chalcogenide optical fibers for the generation of extreme spectral broadening through supercontinuum generation. Creating tapered nanofiber devices in chalcogenide fiber, which has an intrinsic nonlinearity that is two orders of magnitude higher than silica, has resulted in the demonstration of octave-spanning spectra using record low power. We first present a brief theoretical understanding of the tapering process that follows from the basic principle of mass conservation, and a geometric construction tool for the visualization of the shape of tapered fibers. This is followed by a theoretical treatment of dispersion engineering and supercontinuum generation in a chalcogenide nanofiber. In the final section, we cover the experimental implementation of the chalcogenide nanofiber and demonstrate an octave-spanning spectrum created with 150 W of peak power.     

Automatic determination of refractive index profile of fibers having regular and/or irregular transverse sections considering the refraction of light rays by the fiber

A new model, using non-destructive two- and/or multiple-beam interferometric techniques, is suggested for measuring the refractive index profile of fibers having regular and/or irregular cross-sectional shape taking into consideration the refraction of the light rays by the fiber. The proposed model is applied for three different fibers having different cross-sectional shapes and different refractive index profiles. These fibers are PPT, homogeneous fiber, with circular cross-section, graded index optical fiber of circular cross-sectional shape and Dralon fiber of irregular cross-section. To validate the proposed model it is used, firstly, to calculate the index profile for a standard PPT fiber. Secondly, the calculated results for the irregular Dralon fiber and GR-IN optical fiber are compared with that calculated using other conventional method. From this comparison, we recommend that the refraction must be taken into account to obtain accurate results especially for birefringent fibers and graded index optical fibers.     

Residual stress relaxation in cleaved fibers

The relaxation of intrinsic stress, in particular, the frozen-in stress in the vicinity of the cleaved end of optical fibers is studied. Stress distribution is measured at many cross sections along the fiber using a conventional polariscopic stress measurement technique. Fibers drawn with different tensions are used to study the dependence of stress release on the draw tension. From the measured frozen-in stress, the frozen-in viscoelastic stress is studied through the calculation of mean axial stress. The dependence of the release of viscoelastic stress on the draw tension is established. Though the presence of residual stress shows a sudden decline as a consequence of cleaving, it is not completely released at the cleaved end and is explained by the frozen-in viscoelastic stress in the optical fiber. The study shows that the relaxation of frozen-in viscoelastic stress near the cleaved fiber end is only a fraction of the amount of total residual stress in the optical fiber.