稀薄里德伯原子气体中的两体纠缠

量子纠缠是量子信息处理和量子计算中不可或缺的物理资源,制备稳定可操控的量子纠缠是研究的热点之一.里德伯原子具有不同于普通中性原子的特点,长寿命和原子之间强烈的偶极相互作用,使得它成为量子信息处理和量子计算的最优候选者.本文在稀薄里德伯原子气体中,构建了空间四面体排布的里德伯原子模型(空间等距的四个原子模型),通过数值求解主方程来研究两体纠缠和里德伯激发的稳态和瞬态动力学性质,发现偶极阻塞机制下的量子纠缠最大,其他满足反偶极阻塞条件的高阶激发引起的纠缠较小,进而从理论上分析了这两种机制下量子纠缠的物理实质.     

巨梯型四能级里德伯原子系统透射光谱性质的调控

采用超级原子模型研究了一个巨梯型四能级里德伯原子系统与一个弱光场和两个强控制场的相互作用.利用蒙特卡罗算法,通过数值求解海森伯-朗之万方程,讨论了系统的动力学演化,研究了偶极-偶极相互作用对探测场透射谱和二阶强度关联函数的影响.在有限温度下,利用洛伦兹分布函数代替麦克斯韦分布函数,得到解析的探测场极化率,讨论了强场的失...     

基于偶极阻塞效应的单光子水平电磁感应透明

对量子化的探测场在一维超冷里德伯原子样品中的传播特性进行研究。基于偶极阻塞效应,四能级原子的稳态电磁感应透明(EIT)光谱表现出典型的单光子水平的非线性现象:未饱和之前,探测场透射率和光子关联依赖于探测场强度。调整两个经典控制场的单光子失谐,能够实现对非线性EIT行为的灵活操控。通过改变拉比频率比例,可观察到四能级原子系统到三能级梯形原子系统的非线性EIT转变。     

超级里德伯原子间的稳态关联集体激发与量子纠缠

处于同一偶极阻塞区域的里德伯原子系综可以看作一个超级原子,如果它们被捕获在两个不同的光偶极阱中,那么每一个光偶极阱中的子原子系综可以看作为一个亚超级原子.由于这两个亚超级原子共享不超过一个激发的里德伯原子,所以它们会强烈地关联起来.本文研究这两个里德伯亚超级原子的稳态关联集体激发特性和量子纠缠行为.结果表明原子数目带来的影响非常明显:里德伯亚超级原子越大(包含原子数目越多),集体激发概率越大;最大纠缠只发生在等大的两个里德伯亚超级原子之间.通过增加原子数目,可以实现介观领域的量子纠缠,对量子-经典对应的研究以及量子信息处理有着重要的作用.     

里德伯原子辅助光力系统的完美光力诱导透明及慢光效应

光力诱导透明是典型的量子相消干涉效应,在量子光学和量子信息处理当中具有广泛的应用.本文在里德伯原子系综镶嵌的复合光力学系统中考察了光力诱导透明现象以及由此产生的慢光效应.当考虑非旋转波近似的情况下,可以获得完美的光力诱导透明,即非常狭窄的理想透明窗口.在可分辨边带条件下,微腔品质越高,完美透明窗口中的慢光效应越明显.特别地,与其他原子相比,在实现超慢光方面里德伯原子的长寿命体现了其优越性.     

基于共振里德伯偶极-偶极相互作用的双反阻塞机制及量子逻辑门的实现

里德伯原子由于具有较长的能级寿命和易于操控的特点已成为卓越的信息载体之一.近年来,关于里德伯原子性质的研究得到逐步的发展和完善,特别是基于里德伯原子间范德瓦耳斯力诱导的单能级里德伯阻塞和反阻塞效应.然而,随着原子间距离的改变,里德伯相互作用将导致更加复杂的动力学行为.本文主要研究在原子间距小于其特征长度的情况下,如何根据构建的里德伯反阻塞及双反阻塞机制一步实现两量子比特控制相位门和交换门,在此范围内的原子间相互作用将涉及多个能级的布居交换.数值模拟表明:里德伯阻塞与双反阻塞机制的解析和数值结果能够达到高度一致,理想情况下控制相位门和交换门的平均保真度分别为99.35%和99.67%,此结果对于抵抗高激发里德伯态的自发辐射具有一定的鲁棒性.希望本文的研究能够为里德伯原子系统中实现大规模容错量子计算提供必要的理论支持与实验依据.     

基于里德伯原子天线的低频电场波形测量

里德伯原子的高极化率可以实现电磁场的多维度参数测量.本文利用室温里德伯原子构建原子天线,基于原子天线将低频电场幅度信息转化为强度信息,从而实现低频电场的参数测量.实验采用双光子激发制备铯原子里德伯态,通过阶梯型电磁感应透明(electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT)光谱实现里德伯原子量子态的检测,基于内置电极技术在室温原子气室导入k Hz频段低频电场.电场中里德伯原子的Stark频移会在EIT过程导致双光子失谐,从而引起EIT光谱频移和强度变化.在弱电场条件下, EIT光谱频移可以忽略, EIT透射强度与输入低频电场强度近似为线性关系,基于该效应可以实现低频电场的波形、幅度、频率等参数测量.     

铯原子里德伯态精细结构测量

里德伯态光谱是测量里德伯态能级结构和中性原子间相互作用的常用技术手段,特别是高精度的里德伯光谱,可以测量室温原子气室中由偶极相互作用等导致的原子能级频移.在实验中利用反向的852 nm激光和509 nm激光实现了室温原子气室中铯原子6S_(1/2)—6P_(3/2)—57S(D)跃迁的级联双光子激发,实现了里德伯态原子的制备.基于阶梯型电磁诱导透明获得了铯原子里德伯态的高分辨光谱.实验中,基于速度选择的射频边带调制技术,对光谱信号进行了频率标定,测量了铯原子里德伯态57D_(3/2)和57D_(5/2)的精细分裂,分裂间隔为(354.7±2.5)MHz,与理论计算结果基本一致.速度选择的射频调制光谱可以实现里德伯态原子的能级分裂测量,其测量精度对于单光子跃迁的绝对激光频率不敏感;实验中影响57D_(3/2)和57D_(5/2)精细分裂间隔测量精度的主要因素是功率加宽导致的电磁感应透明信号的展宽和509 nm激光频率扫描的非线性.     

双抽运光作用电磁感应透明的实验研究

主要研究抽运光的强度对V型铯原子三能级系统电磁感应透明的影响，同时研究了双抽运光作用对电磁感应透明的影响，并利用光与原子作用的密度矩阵加以解释.实验结果与理论计算相符. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 双抽运 铯原子     

调制激光场中Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明

本文主要研究了调制探测激光场中铯Rydberg 原子阶梯型三能级系统的电磁感应透明(EIT) 效应. 铯原子基态6S_1/2, 第一激发态6P_3/2 和Rydberg 态形成阶梯型三能级系统, 探测光作用于6S_1/2 (F = 4)→6P_3/2(F' = 5) 的跃迁, 耦合光在Rydberg 跃迁线6P_3/2→49S_1/2 附近扫描, 形成Rydberg 原子EIT. 当对探测光频率施加一个几kHz 的调制时, 调制解调后的EIT 信号分裂为两个峰, 双峰间距与调制频率无关,而与调制幅度导致的失谐量大小(频率调制幅度) 成正比, 双峰间隔的一半等于探测光频率调制幅度的λ_p/λ_c = 1.67 倍. 实验结果与理论计算相一致. 本文的研究结果可应用于激光线型和频率抖动的实时监测.     

Rydberg原子的微波电磁感应透明-Autler-Townes光谱

主要研究了室温下微波场缀饰的铯Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明-Autler-Townes(EIT-AT)光谱.首先,以铯原子6S_(1/2)→6P_(3/2)→50S_(1/2)形成阶梯型三能级系统,利用强耦合光作用于6P_(3/2)→50S_(1/2)的Rydberg跃迁,弱探测光耦合基态跃迁6S_(1/2)→6P_(3/2)并探测由耦合光形成的电磁感应透明(EIT)效应.然后,以频率为30.582 GHz的微波电场耦合相邻的Rydberg能级50S_(1/2)→50P_(1/2)产生微波AT分裂.利用Rydberg EIT探测微波耦合相邻Rydberg能级产生的AT分裂,形成EIT-AT光谱,进而实现微波电场的测量.当微波场的强度增加到一定值时,EIT-AT光谱表现为多峰光谱结构.分析EIT-AT多峰光谱的成因,发现这主要是由场的不均匀性导致的,一定的EIT-AT光谱特征对应于特定的非均匀场分布.研究表明,利用Rydberg EIT-AT光谱可以实现微波电场的测量,利用其光谱特征可实现微波场的实时监测,进而提出了一种提高微波场空间分辨率的测量方法.     

Laser frequency locking based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency

We present a laser frequency locking to Rydberg transition with electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectra in a room-temperature cesium vapor cell. Cesium levels 6S_(1/2), 6P_(3/2), and the n D_(5/2) state, compose a cascade three-level system, where a coupling laser drives Rydberg transition, and probe laser detects the EIT signal. The error signal, obtained by demodulating the EIT signal, is used to lock the coupling laser frequency to Rydberg transition. The laser frequency fluctuation, ~0.7 MHz, is obtained after locking on, with the minimum Allan variance to be 8.9 × 10~(-11).This kind of locking method can be used to stabilize the laser frequency to the excited transition.     

Monte Carlo simulations of electromagnetically induced transparency in a square lattice of Rydberg atoms

We study the steady optical response of a square lattice in which all trapped atoms are driven by a probe and a coupling fields into the ladder configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT). It turns out to be a manybody problem in the presence of van der Waals(vd W) interaction among atoms in the upmost Rydberg state, so Monte Carlo(MC) calculation based on density matrix equations have been done after introducing a sufficiently large cut-off radius. It is found that the absorption and dispersion of EIT spectra depends critically on a few key parameters like lattice dimension, unitary vd W shift, probe Rabi frequency, and coupling detuning. Through modulating these parameters, it is viable to change symmetries of the absorption and dispersion spectra and control on demand depth and position of the transparency window. Our MC calculation is expected to be instructive in understanding many-body quantum coherence effects and in manipulating non-equilibrium quantum phenomena by utilizing vd W interactions of Rydberg atoms.     

弱射频场中Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明

在铯原子室温蒸气池中研究了弱射频场中Rydberg原子阶梯型三能级系统的电磁感应透明(EIT)效应.铯原子基态6S_(1/2)、第一激发态6P_(3/2)和Rydberg 48D_(5/2)态形成阶梯型三能级系统,探测光共振作用于6S_(1/2)(F=4)→6P_(3/2)(F′=5)的跃迁,耦合光在Rydberg跃迁线6P_(3/2)(F′=5)→48D_(5/2)附近扫描,形成Rydberg原子EIT.当对铯原子施加一个80 MHz的弱射频电场时,48D_(5/2)Rydberg原子的EIT光谱发生Stark频移和分裂,同时产生由射频场调制Rydberg能级的偶数级边带,测量结果与Floquet理论模拟的结果相符合.同时,改变弱射频电场的频率研究了铯Rydberg能级的自电离效应对Rydberg原子Stark谱的影响,据此,我们提出将电极板置于铯原子蒸气池内的方案以减少自电离效应的影响.在弱射频Stark谱中,mj=5/2的Stark谱与mj=1/2,3/2的二级边带形成多个能级交叉,这些能级交叉点提供了一种基于原子的精确校准射频电场的新方法.     

High-resolution three-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency

We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system. For atom–field interaction, we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields(SWFs) in 3 D-atom localization. We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts. We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3 D-atom localization. We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography, and Bose–Einstein condensation.     

单光子和双光子电磁诱导透明谱的相干调制

采用一束相干外场作用在倒Y模型原子的基态与另外状态构成的跃迁上,实现对单光子和双光子电磁诱导透明谱的调制。经研究发现相干外场对单光子和双光子的吸收性质有类似的影响效果。由于相干外场的作用,吸收谱的共振点附近出现吸收峰将原单重透明谱分裂为双重透明谱。诱导的吸收峰的高度和透明谱的频谱宽度与相干外场的强度有密切关系。并用缀饰态理论解释了这些物理现象。这些研究对多通道光通信以及对原子光学性质的调控方面有积极意义。     

Transient electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy of 87Rb atoms in buffer gas

We study the transient response dynamics of ⁸⁷Rb atomic vapor buffered in 8 torr Ne gas through an electromagnetically induced transparency configured in $\varLambda$-scheme. Experimentally, the temporal transmission spectra versus probe detuning by switching on and off the coupling one show complex structures. The transmitted probe light intensity drops to a minimum value when the coupling light turns off, showing a strong absorption. Even at the moment of turning on the coupling light at a subsequent delayed time, the atomic medium shows a fast transient response. To account for the transient switching feature, in the time-dependent optical Bloch equation, we must take the transverse relaxation dephasing process of atomic vapor into account, as well as the fluorescence relaxation along with the optical absorption. This work supplies a technique to quantify the transverse relaxation time scale and to sensitively monitor its variation along the environment by observing the transient dynamics of coherent medium, which is helpful in characterizing the coherent feature of the atomic medium.     

Rydberg原子的电磁诱导透明光谱的噪声转移特性

基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪和平衡零拍探测技术研究了Cs原子6S_1/2↔6P_3/2↔62D_5/2Rydberg态阶梯型三能级系统电磁诱导透明效应中耦合光场的噪声向探测光场相位噪声的转移特性.实验中探测光频率锁定在Cs原子6S_1/2↔6P_3/2态共振跃迁线上,通过扫描6P_3/2到62D_5/2态跃迁的耦合光频率,测量了Rydberg态电磁诱导透明光谱.利用探测光经过声光调制器后的一级衍射光实现了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的相位锁定,测量了不同锁定相位情况下的电磁诱导透明光谱,实验结果与阶梯型三能级系统的理论计算结果符合得很好.在此基础上详细研究了耦合光频率共振在6P_3/2到62D_5/2态跃迁线上时,耦合光频率噪声向探测光相位噪声的转移特性,发现耦合光频率噪声转移效率在高频处显示出较明显的抑制.同时观察到耦合光在不同失谐情况时,随着耦合光功率的改变,探测光相位噪声的变化特征表现出明显差异.     

Ultracold Rydberg atoms for efficient storage of terahertz frequency signals using electromagnetically induced transparency

Quantum communication with terahertz (THz) frequency signals has many advantages like reduced attenuation and scintillation effects in certain atmospheric conditions along with very high level of data security. In this work, we propose a scheme to realize Quantum Memory (QM) for efficient storage of terahertz (THz) frequency signals using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in an ultracold atomic medium of ⁸⁷Rb Rydberg atoms prepared in a Two Dimensional Magneto Optical Trap (2D-MOT). The uniqueness of our scheme lies in the choice of the energy levels involved in the EIT process, all three of which have been chosen to be the Rydberg levels (enabling signal beam to be in THz) in a lambda type arrangement. This first of its kind proposal reveals that atomic media are a potential candidate for devising QMs which can store THz frequency signals. We have estimated that the Optical Depth (OD) in our scheme can reach a very high value of 690, very high maximum obtainable storage efficiency (η) of ～99%, the group velocity ($v_g$) can be as low as 5.07 × 10³ m/s, and the Delay Bandwidth Product (DBP) can be as high as 9.5. All of these estimates emphasize the feasibility of our scheme as a QM device for efficient storage of THz pulses.     

Dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency on temperature

We performed an experimental study on the dependence of the linewidth of electromagetically induced transparency (EIT) on the temperature of medium in a Λ-type configuration using caesium vapour. We found that the transparent window is narrowed in the EIT whose two ground levels are composed of two hyperfine levels, and broadened in the case when the two ground levels are degenerated Zeeman sublevels, as the temperature of vapour cell is increased. The explanation for the phenomena is given qualitatively.