Large eddy simulations of the turbulent flow between a rotating and a stationary disk

Large eddy simulations of the flow between a rotating and a stationary disk have been performed using a dynamic and a mixed dynamic subgrid-scale model. The simulations were compared to direct numerical simulation results. The mixed dynamic model gave better overall predictions than the dynamic model. Modifications of the near-wall structures caused by the mean flow three-dimensionality were also investigated. Conditional averages near strong stress-producing events led to the same conclusions regarding these modifications as studies of the flow generated by direct numerical simulation, namely a distinct asymmetry of the vortices producing sweeps and ejections.     

Large eddy simulations of the turbulent flow between a rotating and a stationary disk

Large eddy simulations of the flow between a rotating and a stationary disk have been performed using a dynamic and a mixed dynamic subgrid-scale model. The simulations were compared to direct numerical simulation results. The mixed dynamic model gave better overall predictions than the dynamic model. Modifications of the near-wall structures caused by the mean flow three-dimensionality were also investigated. Conditional averages near strong stress-producing events led to the same conclusions regarding these modifications as studies of the flow generated by direct numerical simulation, namely a distinct asymmetry of the vortices producing sweeps and ejections.     

A note on conjugate distributions for copulas

A family of conjugated distributions for a given type of copulas is defined in this paper. Those copulas can be written as a mixture of d‐dimensional parameter exponential functions. The generalized Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern copula is an example of this representation. This family is used to illustrate the estimation technique with real data. Also, the applicability of Bayesian predictive approach is shown in an education policy issue by defining goals for the number of students per class that leads to improve their performance at school. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hot-wire measurement in turbulent flow behind a parallel-line heat source

An interaction of the free turbulent shear flow and the steady temperature field, which develops to the homogeneity, was studied. The temperature field was generated by parallel thin heated wires. The isotropic grid turbulence is supposed. Heated wire generates large cross temperature gradients and development of the temperature field was investigated experimentally. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A note on limiting distributions for spacings statistics

Summary Hájek's projection method is used to prove asymptotic normality for a class of spacings statistics.The author thanks Dr. John Petkau for useful discussions.     

Laws of the wall for velocity and temperature in supersonic turbulent boundary layers

Scaling laws for velocity and temperature profiles in the near-wall region of sub- and supersonic turbulent boundary layers have been developed, which allow us to represent velocity and temperature profiles in compressible gas stream in terms of those in an incompressible boundary layer. They are obtained as asymptotic expansions of the solutions to the Reynolds equations in a small parameter — the Mach number based on the friction velocity and gas enthalpy on the wall. The leading term of the expansion for velocity corresponds to known Van Driest's formula. However, the obtained solution contains additional terms of order unity, which explains the contradiction between Van Driest's formula and experimental data. The law of the wall for temperature, which has been formulated for the first time, has an analogous structure. Besides the von Kármán constant and the turbulent Prandtl number in the logarithmic region, known for incompressible flow, the obtained relations contain three new universal constants, which do not depend on gas molecular properties and the specific heat ratio. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Heat transfer and Reynolds' analogy in a turbulent flow with heat release

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Wärmeübertragung von und zu einer voll entwickelten, wärmeabgebenden, turbulenten Strömung in einem Rohr analysiert. Durch die Anwendung der Laplace-Transformation wird die partielle Randwertaufgabe der Temperaturverteilung in einem Rohr von kreisförmigem Querschnitt auf eine gewöhnliche Sturm-Liouvillesche Randwertaufgabe zurückgeführt. Die entsprechenden Eigenwerte und Eigenfunktionen können nun mittels des Ritzschen Verfahrens für verschiedene Werte der Prandtlschen und Reynoldsschen Zahlen berechnet werden.Die Verteilung der Temperatur und des Wärmeflusses entlang der Wand erhält man in Form einer Reihe, deren Glieder diese Eigenwerte und Eigenfunktionen enthalten. Durch Verallgemeinerung des Prandtlschen Wärmequellen-Satzes wird die Reynoldssche Analogie der Wärmeübertragung und der flüssigen Reibung für eine wärmeabgebende turbulente Strömung erweitert.Die genaue asymptotische Wärmefluss und Temperaturverteilung, die man erhält, gestattet eine Abschätzung des Fehlers, den man bei einer Anwendung der Ritzschen Methode und der daraus folgenden Reihenentwicklung erhalten würde. Diese Analyse kann für die wärmeabgebenden turbulenten Strömungen in Atomreaktoren angewendet werden.

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The results presented in this paper were obtained in the course of research sponsored by the Office of Scientific Research of the ARDC, US Air Force under Contract AF 18 (603)-104.     

The heat transfer problem in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer

The problem of heat transfer in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer has been investigated. The resonant triad in the theory of hydrodynamic stability was used to obtain the velocity field induced by the coherent structures in the wall region of the turbulent boundary layer, while the small scale turbulence was represented by a simple model. By such a new approach of modeling, the 3-D temperature field is calculated, the mean temperature profile in the wall region and the Nusselt number characterizing the heat flux, which was found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations are obtained. The instantaneous temperature field had streaky structures, thus offering a mechanism for their generation found in numerical simulations. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19132011).     

Numerical experiments on flow control of near wall turbulence

In this paper we demonstrate by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of channel flow with surface structuring or modified boundary conditions how turbulence can be controlled by influencing the anisotropy state of near wall turbulence. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A note on a characterization of the Poisson and uniform distributions

It is shown that if U, X are independent random variables, X≥0, U is uniformly distributed in (0,1), and X satisfies the equation UX+2∼U+X, then X−2 has the Poisson distribution with the parameter equal one. The above equation also characterizes the uniform distribution if X−2 is a Poisson random variable. Moreover, a multivariate generalization is given. Proceedings of the XVI Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Part I, Eger, Hungary, 1994.     

Formulation of wall boundary conditions in turbulent flow computations on unstructured meshes

Features of the formulation and numerical implementation of wall boundary conditions in turbulent flow computations on unstructured meshes are discussed. A method is proposed for implementing weak wall boundary conditions for a finite-volume discretization of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. The capabilities of the approach are demonstrated in several gasdynamic simulations in comparison with the method of near-wall functions. The influence of the near-wall resolution on the accuracy of the computations is analyzed, and the grid dependence of the solution is compared in the case of the near-wall function method and weak boundary conditions.     

Asymptotic behaviour of commutation errors and the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor near the wall in the turbulent channel flow

The derivation of the space averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent incompressible flows introduces two groups of terms which do not depend only on the space averaged flow field variables: the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor and commutation errors. Whereas the former is studied intensively in the literature, the latter terms are usually neglected. This note studies the asymptotic behaviour of these terms for the turbulent channel flow at a wall in the case that the commutation errors arise from the application of a non‐uniform box filter. To perform analytical calculations, the unknown flow field is modelled by a wall law (Reichardt law and 1/αth power law) for the mean velocity profile and highly oscillating functions model the turbulent fluctuations. The asymptotics show that near the wall, the commutation errors are at least as important as the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A note on positive distributions in Gaussian analysis

We describe positive generalized functional in Gaussian analysis. We focus on the large distribution space (N)^–1. It is shown that a positive distribution is represented by a measure with specific growth of its moments. Equivalently, this statement can be replaced by the integrability condition.Dedicated to Yu. M. Berezanskii on the occasion of his 70th birthdayPublished in Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 649–658, May, 1995.     

A short note on convergence near a high order zero

The behaviour of different iteration schemes, when used to find a high order zero, is studied from the point of view of function value reduction. It is found that the ratio between successive function values, for a given scheme, converges to a value for increasing order of the zero.     

A note on characterizations of multivariate stable distributions

Several characterizations of multivariate stable distributions together with a characterization of multivariate normal distributions and multivariate stable distributions with Cauchy marginals are given. These are related to some standard characterizations of marcinkiewicz.Research supported, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract AFOSR 84-0113. Reproduction in whole or part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government.     

Effect of wall conductivity on turbulent channel flow under spanwise magnetic field

The effect of wall conductivity on turbulence in electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a constant magnetic field is considered. A channel flow with a spanwise magnetic field is analyzed using high-resolution direct numerical simulations performed for the case of low magnetic Reynolds number. It is found that the effect of suppression of wall-normal momentum transfer and reduction of wall friction identified earlier for the flow with perfectly insulating walls is enhanced if the walls are electrically conducting. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the calculation of heat transfer rates in fully turbulent wall flows

A wall function for heat transfer is derived from the heat and mass transfer laws developed by Kader and Yaglom for turbulent wall flows. The wall function is used as a component of a prediction procedure to compute heat transfer rates in boundary layers, pipes, and wall jets. The results are generally in good agreement with the experimental data, but under most conditions the new function gives only a relatively minor improvement over existing functions. However, significant improvement is obtained for very large molecular Prandtl numbers.     

Natural convective boundary-layer flow in a heat generating porous medium with a prescribed wall heat flux

The free convection boundary-layer flow on a vertical surface in a porous medium with local heat generation proportional to (T – T_∞)^p, where T is the local temperature and T_∞ is the ambient temperature, is considered when the surface is thermally insulated. The way in which the flow develops from the leading edge is seen to depend critically on the exponent p. For p ≤ 2 there is a boundary-layer flow for all x > 0, where x measures distance from the leading edge, with the internal heating having a significant effect at large x. For p ≥ 5 there is also a boundary-layer flow to large x but now the internal heating has an increasingly weaker effect as x increases. For 2 < p <  5 the boundary-layer solution breaks down at a finite x, with a singularity developing leading to thermal runaway at a finite distance along the surface.