密度泛函理论下的电负性均衡及应用

以密度泛函理论为框架,综述电负性和电负性均衡理论的发展及其在探讨各种分子性质时的应用。     

Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni-Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The formation and breaking of Ni-L (L=N-heterocyclic carbene, tertiary phosphine etc.) bond is involved in many Ni-catalyzed/mediated reactions. The accurate prediction of Ni-L bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is potentially important to understand these Ni-complex involving reactions. We assess the accuracy of diffierent DFT functionals (such as B3LYP, M06, MPWB1K, etc.) and diffierent basis sets, including both effective core potentials for Ni and the all electron basis sets for all other atoms in predicting the Ni-L BDE values reported recently by Nolan et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10490 (2003) and Organometallics 27, 3181 (2008)]. It is found that the MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31G(d) method gives the best correlations with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the solvent effect calculations (with CPCM, PCM, and SMD models) indicate that both CPCM and PCM perform well.     

最优化“调控”区间分离密度泛函理论的研究进展

发展精确、高效的交换-关联泛函一直是密度泛函理论工作者所追求的神圣目标。传统密度泛函被证实在计算原子或分子体系的某些基态和激发态性能时存在困难,而且预测不具有普适性;另一方面,一些高水平方法如耦合簇（CC）理论和基于格林函数（G）和屏蔽库仑作用（W）近似的多体微扰理论（MBPT）,尽管相对精确但往往需要消耗昂贵的计算成本,因而其研究体系的尺寸和实用性受到了很大的限制。近年来,“最优化”调控区间分离泛函的发展在一定程度上使得上述问题得到改善,尤其是在消耗较少的计算成本前提下能够达到与高水平方法相媲美的预测精度,引起了越来越多的关注。本文首先简要回顾了密度泛函领域的理论背景,在区间分离密度泛函理论的基础上,重点介绍了最优化“调控”的概念;并且结合近期的理论工作对其在实际计算时的表现进行评价;最后,就最优化“调控”方法的前景和应用进行了展望。     

Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallotriphenylcorroles

The infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra were measured for the metallotriph-enylcorroles (MTPCs, M=Cu, Co, Ni, Mn). The ground-state structures and vibrational spectra of MTPCs have been calculated with the density functional theory. The observedRaman and IR bands have been assigned based on the calculation results. Due to the symmetry lowering, the vibrational spectra of MTPCs are much more complex than metal-loporphyrins, and several skeletal modes are found strongly coupled to the phenyl vibrations.The relationship between the Raman/IR frequencies and the structures of TPC ring is in-vestigated. It is found that the vibrations involving the C^I_αC^I_α stretch and C_αC_mstretch are sensitive to the size of corrole core. In particular, the frequency of υ₅, which is assigned to C^I_αC^I_α stretch in coupling with the C_αC_m symmetric stretch, increases linearly with the decrease of the corrole core-sizes and may be used as a mark band to evaluate the structural change of the metallocorroles.     

元素电负性和硬度的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论的DFT LDA、DFT LDA/NL和改进的Slater过渡态方法,把元素的电离能和电子亲合能的计算扩展到周期表的103种元素.并用有限差分方法计算了这103种元素的电负性和硬度.计算中考虑了相对论效应.计算结果比以前Robles等用密度泛函理论的XGL和Xα近似的交换相关泛函的计算结果有所改进,更接近实验值.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Interaction between Catechin and Thymine

The interacting patterns and mechanism of the catechin and thymine have been investigated with the density functional theory Becke's three-parameter nonlocal exchange functional and the Lee, Yang, and Parr nonlocal correlation functional (B3LYP) method by 6-31+G*basis set. Thirteen stable structures for the catechin-thymine complexes have been found which form two hydrogen bonds at least. The vibrational frequencies are also studied at the same level to analyze these complexes. The results indicated that catechin interactedwith thymine by three different hydrogen bonds as N-H…O、C-H…O、O-H…O and the complexes are mainly stabilized by the hydrogen bonding interactions. Theories of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital have been adopted to investigate the hydrogen bondsinvolved in all systems. The interaction energies of all complexes have been corrected for basis set superposition error, which are from -18.15 kJ/mol to -32.99 kJ/mol. The results showed that the hydrogen bonding contribute to the interaction energies dominantly. The corresponding bonds stretching motions in all complexes are red-shifted relative to that of the monomer, which is in agreement with experimental results.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Spin States of LaCoO3 at Room Temperature

The electronic structure of the perovskite LaCoO3 at room temperature structure （293 K） was calculated by using PBE, PBE＋U and HSE. Different spin configurations have been considered. Our calculations showed that the choice of the Hubbard U parameter in DFT＋U and mixing factor α in HSE significantly influenced the band gap as well as relative energies. For the spin exited states, the optimal value for U and α were 3.0 eV and 0.05, respectively. Our calculation also emphasized that when U〉5.0 eV, PBE＋U would lead to unreasonable electronic structure and energy order.     

丙酮酸分子结构与振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函方法BLYP、B3LYP和从头算Hartree-Fock(HF)方法在6-31G*基组水平上对丙酮酸分子的几何结构（甲基的重叠式和交错式两种构象）和振动光谱分别进行了优化和计算,并给出了各种频率所对应的红外强度及拉曼活性,对光谱进行了指认。结果表明：在丙酮酸分子的两种构象中,重叠式比较稳定*B3LYP计算得到的构型参数与实验结果比较一致;在振动频率的计算中,BLYP未标度力场所计算的非CH3伸缩振动基频预测值和实验值的平均绝对偏差为10.4cm-1;而HF标度力场的平均绝对偏差为17.9cm-1。说明两者的结果与实验观测频率比较吻合,但B3LYP的频率计算值偏差（38.3cm-1）较大。根据振动频率的势能分布和红外光谱强度对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属。     

镱硫属化合物的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究镱硫属化合物的电子结构和性质,通过与实验比较考察了现有的几种近似密度泛函公式对镧系元素化合物的适用程度和相对论效应的影响.结果表明,用DFT计算的YbO键长对实验值的偏差约为0.002nm;但得到的键能即使在考虑梯度校正和相对论效应之后,仍比实验值高,在定域密度近似基础上引入交换梯度校正使键能计算值减小,其中PW86x使键能计算值减小稍多些,结果更接近实验值;相关梯度校正使键能计算值升高.相对论效应使键长缩短0.004～0.006nm,键能减小约0.5eV.计算结果的分析表明,Yb的5d轨道和配体的np轨道间形成σ键和π键.在所研究的分子体系中,配体原子从O到Te、Yb原子的5d轨道布后数依次减少,同键能减弱的顺序一致.相对论效应使键能减小的主要原因是在成键过程中发生了Yb的6s电子向5d轨道的转移,而相对论效应使该过程能量增加.偶极矩和电荷分布的计算表明,Yb-L键以共价性为主,相对论效应使共价性成份增加.     

3-单酰胺喹唑啉酮衍生物的表征及密度泛函理论研究

Several 3-aminoquinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives were synthesized and characterized.Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra,we have investigated the barriers to rotation around the N ― N bond as a function of temperature.Changes in the NMR spectra at high temperatures are explained in terms of hindered rotations of the N ― N bond.Free energies of activation for the rate determining stereochemical process were calculated to be as high as 67-75 kJ · mol-1.Ground state molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated using the HF/6-31G and B3LYP/6-31G level of theories.The optimized bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with experimental values at both theoretical levels.     

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen Bonding Using Density Functional Theory

The hydrogen‐bond energies of water dimer and water‐formaldehyde complexes have been studied using density functional theory (DFT). Basis sets up to aug‐cc‐pVXZ (X=D, T, Q) were used. It was found that counterpoise corrected binding energies using the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set are very close to those predicted with the aug‐cc‐pVQZ set. Comparative studies using various DFT functionals on these two systems show that results from B3LYP, mPW1PW91 and PW91PW91 functionals are in better agreements with those predicted using high‐level ab initio methods. These functionals were applied to the study of hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) and cytosine (C), and between adenine (A) and thy mine (T) base pairs. With the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set, the predicted binding energies of base pairs are in good agreement with the most elaborate ab initio results.     

并五苯分子电荷注入导致自旋极化的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论研究了不带自旋的空穴注入并五苯后体系的自旋相关特性. 电荷注入后并五苯分子中存在自发自旋极化行为. 当注入电荷量达一定程度,分子磁矩随注入电荷量的增加呈线性增长,最大磁矩可达1μB. 注入电荷和并五苯分子的相互作用导致分子体系结构发生变化,同时电荷密度分布及自旋密度分布也发生了变化. 注入电荷先填充自旋劈裂的碳原子pz轨道.     

平行硬壁间荷电硬球流体的密度泛函理论研究

基于经典流体的密度泛函理论并结合改进的基本度量理论, 研究了受限于平行硬壁间的荷电硬球流体的平衡密度分布. 通过对比有、无外电场时分子数密度分布的相应变化情况, 分析了荷电硬球分子间的库仑排斥势能与场致势能间的竞争作用, 研究了电场对于受限荷电硬球流体系统聚集态结构的影响.     

6-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构体的密度泛函理论计算

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**水平下,对14种气相和水相中可能存在的6-硫代黄嘌呤异构体进行了几何构型的全自由度优化,并计算出它们的总能量、焓、熵、吉布斯自由能。Onsager反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算.计算结果表明,6-硫代黄嘌呤在气相中和水相中主要以硫酮的形式存在.在气相和水相中,硫酮-N7(H)均比硫酮-N9(H)更稳定.计算结果同已有实验结果一致.6-硫代黄嘌呤异构化的熵效应小,对互变异构平衡几乎没有显著的影响,而焓变对互变异构产生了主要的影响.较详细地讨论了水溶剂化作用对异构体的能量、几何结构、电荷分布和偶极矩的影响.     

NH3在硼纳米管表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了NH₃在完整和含有缺陷的硼纳米管上的吸附行为以及相关电子性质. 计算结果表明, 对于α硼纳米管, 在不同的直径和手性条件下, NH₃均倾向于吸附在配位数为6的顶位上. 电子结构计算结果表明, NH₃能够吸附在纳米管表面主要是由于N和B原子产生了较强的相互作用. 表明硼纳米管是一种潜在的NH₃气气敏材料.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Organic Dye Sensitizers Containing Bis-dimethylfluorenyl Amino Benzofuran

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities, as well as the UV-Vis spectra of the two organic dye sensitizers containing bis-dimethylfluorenyl amino benzofuran were studied via density functional theory （DFT） and time-dependent DFT. The features of electronic absorption spectra were assigned on account of the agreement between the experiment and the calculations. The absorption bands in visible region are related to photoinduced electron transfer processes, and the dimethylfluorenyl amino benzo[b]furan groups are major chromophore that contributed to the sensitization of photo-to-current conversion. The role of vinylene group in geometry, electronic structure and spectra property is analyzed according to the comparative study of the dyes.     

2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构体的密度泛函理论计算

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**水平上,对14种气相和水相中可能存在的2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构体进行了几何构型全自由度优化,并计算出它们的总能量、焓、熵、吉布斯自由能.Onsager反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算.计算结果表明,2-硫代黄嘌呤在气相和水相中主要以酮式结构形式存在,与已有实验结果一致.在气相和水相中,酮式结构—N(7)(H)均比酮式结构—N(9)(H)更稳定.2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构的熵效应小,对互变异构平衡没有显著的影响,而焓变对互变异构却产生了主要的影响.水溶剂化自由能与异构体的气相偶极矩存在相关性.另外,较详细地考察了2-硫代黄嘌呤与6-硫代黄嘌呤的相对稳定性.     

纳米二氧化硅物理吸附乙醇的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论, 采用周期性边界条件及簇方法研究了无定型纳米二氧化硅的表面结构以及其对小分子吸附物乙醇的吸附性质. 计算结果表明, 小簇模型在研究特定种类的吸附方面具有优势, 而周期性切片模型更能真实地反映纳米二氧化硅的表面环境; 乙醇在二氧化硅表面的吸附主要依赖于氢键作用, 并倾向于充当氢键受体的角色.     

酚氧桥联铜钴异双核配合物的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法,在ROB3LYP/SDD//ROB3LYP/LanL2MB水平上,对酚氧桥联CuⅡ-CoⅡ异双核配合物CuCo(TS)(H2O),进行了理论计算.优化得到了它的单、三重态的平衡几何构型,计算了它们的谐振动频率.结果表明,该配合物分子的三重态比单重态稳定;电子自旋布居高度集中在Co(6)及其周围的配体原子上,而Cu（1）则没有发现电子自旋布居; 体系中存在较强的自旋离域效应.体系的前线分子轨道主要由Co(6)的d轨道和配体原子的p轨道组成,这有利于配体原子与Co(6)之间的电子转移.计算结果与实验符合得很好.