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1.
We prove part of a conjecture by Johansson, Kahn, and Vu (Factors in random graphs, Random Struct. Algorithms 33 (2008), 1, 1–28.) regarding threshold functions for the existence of an H‐factor in a random graph . We prove that the conjectured threshold function is correct for any graph H which is not covered by its densest subgraphs. We also demonstrate that the main result of Johansson, Kahn, and Vu (Factors in random graphs, Random Struct. Algorithms 33 (2008), 1, 1–28) generalizes to multigraphs, digraphs, and a multipartite model. 相似文献
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A proper coloring of a graph is a labeled partition of its vertices into parts which are independent sets. In this paper, given a positive integer j and a family ? of connected graphs, we consider proper colorings in which we require that the union of any j color classes induces a subgraph which has no copy of any member of ?. This generalizes some well‐known types of proper colorings like acyclic colorings (where j = 2 and ?is the collection of all even cycles) and star colorings (where j = 2 and ?consists of just a path on 4 vertices), etc. For this type of coloring, we obtain an upper bound of O(d(k ? 1)/(k ? j)) on the minimum number of colors sufficient to obtain such a coloring. Here, d refers to the maximum degree of the graph and k is the size of the smallest member of ?. For the case of j = 2, we also obtain lower bounds on the minimum number of colors needed in the worst case. As a corollary, we obtain bounds on the minimum number of colors sufficient to obtain proper colorings in which the union of any j color classes is a graph of bounded treewidth. In particular, using O(d8/7) colors, one can obtain a proper coloring of the vertices of a graph so that the union of any two color classes has treewidth at most 2. We also show that this bound is tight within a multiplicative factor of O((logd)1/7). We also consider generalizations where we require simultaneously for several pairs (ji, ?i) (i = 1, …, l) that the union of any ji color classes has no copy of any member of ?i and obtain upper bounds on the corresponding chromatic numbers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 66: 213–234, 2011 相似文献
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Marcelo Campos;Maurício Collares;Guilherme Oliveira Mota; 《Random Structures and Algorithms》2024,64(3):676-691
For every k⩾3$$ kgeqslant 3 $$, we determine the order of growth, up to polylogarithmic factors, of the number of orientations of the binomial random graph containing no directed cycle of length k$$ k $$. This solves a conjecture of Kohayakawa, Morris and the last two authors. 相似文献
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We study a family of directed random graphs whose arcs are sampled independently of each other, and are present in the graph with a probability that depends on the attributes of the vertices involved. In particular, this family of models includes as special cases the directed versions of the Erd?s‐Rényi model, graphs with given expected degrees, the generalized random graph, and the Poissonian random graph. We establish a phase transition for the existence of a giant strongly connected component and provide some other basic properties, including the limiting joint distribution of the degrees and the mean number of arcs. In particular, we show that by choosing the joint distribution of the vertex attributes according to a multivariate regularly varying distribution, one can obtain scale‐free graphs with arbitrary in‐degree/out‐degree dependence. 相似文献
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胡志庠 《应用数学与计算数学学报》1998,12(2):25-31
实方阵A称为强符号非异阵（S~2NS阵）,若任一与A符号模式相同的矩阵非异且其逆的符号模式也一致。若一个有向图是某一S~2NS阵对应赋号有向图的基础有向图,称为S~2NS有向图。本文用禁用子图形式给出了分支数≤7时有向图成为S~2NS有向图的刻划,同时部分地解决了[2]和[4]中提出的问题。 相似文献
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In [2], on page 252 the following logical terminal inexactitude was made: “...the existence of a K4 is the only obstruction. That is, every finite K4‐free graph can be represented by odd‐distances in the plane.” In this note we correct this erroneous claim by showing that W5, the 5‐wheel, see Figure 1, is not a subgraph of . 相似文献
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Deepak Bal Patrick Bennett Colin Cooper Alan Frieze Paweł Prałat 《Journal of Graph Theory》2016,83(3):251-265
We consider the Erd?s–Rényi random directed graph process, which is a stochastic process that starts with n vertices and no edges, and at each step adds one new directed edge chosen uniformly at random from the set of missing edges. Let be a graph with m edges obtained after m steps of this process. Each edge () of independently chooses a color, taken uniformly at random from a given set of colors. We stop the process prematurely at time M when the following two events hold: has at most one vertex that has in‐degree zero and there are at least distinct colors introduced ( if at the time when all edges are present there are still less than colors introduced; however, this does not happen asymptotically almost surely). The question addressed in this article is whether has a rainbow arborescence (i.e. a directed, rooted tree on n vertices in which all edges point away from the root and all the edges are different colors). Clearly, both properties are necessary for the desired tree to exist and we show that, asymptotically almost surely, the answer to this question is “yes.” 相似文献
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A path graph is the intersection graph of subpaths of a tree. In 1970, Renz asked for a characterization of path graphs by forbidden induced subgraphs. We answer this question by determining the complete list of graphs that are not path graphs and are minimal with this property. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 369–384, 2009 相似文献
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Martín D. Safe 《Journal of Graph Theory》2020,93(2):268-298
A graph is concave-round if its vertices can be circularly enumerated so that the closed neighborhood of each vertex is an interval in the enumeration. In this study, we give a minimal forbidden induced subgraph characterization for the class of concave-round graphs, solving a problem posed by Bang-Jensen, Huang, and Yeo [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 13 (2000), pp. 179–193]. In addition, we show that it is possible to find one such forbidden induced subgraph in linear time in any given graph that is not concave-round. As part of the analysis, we obtain characterizations by minimal forbidden submatrices for the circular-ones property for rows and for the circular-ones property for rows and columns and show that, also for both variants of the property, one of the corresponding forbidden submatrices can be found (if present) in any given matrix in linear time. We make some final remarks regarding connections to some classes of circular-arc graphs. 相似文献
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Daniel K. Benvenuti 《Discrete Mathematics》2010,310(21):2841-2846
A graph G on n vertices is said to be separable cost constant Hamiltonian (SC-Hamiltonian) if and only if G is Hamiltonian and for any cost matrix C=(c(i,j)) associated with G where all tours have the same cost, there exist vectors a=(a1,…,an) and b=(b1,…,bn) such that . In this paper we show that for symmetric digraphs strong Hamiltonicity is a necessary condition for SC-Hamiltonicity. As a surprising consequence, we prove that the symmetric digraph obtained from an undirected SC-Hamiltonian graph by edge duplication need not be SC-Hamiltonian. This settles a conjecture of Kabadi and Punnen. We then show that an undirected graph on an even number of nodes having an edge that appears in every Hamiltonian cycle cannot be SC-Hamiltonian. Using this we establish that multiple subdivision of an edge need not preserve SC-Hamiltonicity, disproving a previous claim. Further, we identify other necessary conditions for SC-Hamiltonicity and obtain new classes of SC-Hamiltonian graphs. 相似文献
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M. Abreu R.E.L. Aldred M. Funk Bill Jackson D. Labbate J. Sheehan 《Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B》2004,92(2):395-404
We show that a digraph which contains a directed 2-factor and has minimum in-degree and out-degree at least four has two non-isomorphic directed 2-factors. As a corollary, we deduce that every graph which contains a 2-factor and has minimum degree at least eight has two non-isomorphic 2-factors. In addition we construct: an infinite family of 3-diregular digraphs with the property that all their directed 2-factors are Hamilton cycles, an infinite family of 2-connected 4-regular graphs with the property that all their 2-factors are isomorphic, and an infinite family of cyclically 6-edge-connected cubic graphs with the property that all their 2-factors are Hamilton cycles. 相似文献
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A biclique of a graph G is a maximal induced complete bipartite subgraph of G. Given a graph G, the biclique matrix of G is a {0,1,?1} matrix having one row for each biclique and one column for each vertex of G, and such that a pair of 1, ?1 entries in a same row corresponds exactly to adjacent vertices in the corresponding biclique. We describe a characterization of biclique matrices, in similar terms as those employed in Gilmore's characterization of clique matrices. On the other hand, the biclique graph of a graph is the intersection graph of the bicliques of G. Using the concept of biclique matrices, we describe a Krausz‐type characterization of biclique graphs. Finally, we show that every induced P3 of a biclique graph must be included in a diamond or in a 3‐fan and we also characterize biclique graphs of bipartite graphs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 1–16, 2010 相似文献
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The h-super connectivity κh and the h-super edge-connectivity λh are more refined network reliability indices than the conneetivity and the edge-connectivity. This paper shows that for a connected balanced digraph D and its line digraph L, if D is optimally super edge-connected, then κ1（L） = 2λ1 （D）, and that for a connected graph G and its line graph L, if one of κ1 （L） and λ（G） exists, then κ1（L） = λ2（G）. This paper determines that κ1（B（d, n） is equal to 4d- 8 for n = 2 and d ≥ 4, and to 4d-4 for n ≥ 3 and d ≥ 3, and that κ1（K（d, n）） is equal to 4d- 4 for d 〉 2 and n ≥ 2 except K（2, 2）. It then follows that B（d,n） and K（d, n） are both super connected for any d ≥ 2 and n ≥ 1. 相似文献
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Ya‐Chen Chen 《Journal of Graph Theory》2011,67(1):9-26
A graph is C5‐ saturated if it has no five‐cycle as a subgraph, but does contain a C5 after the addition of any new edge. Extending our previous result, we prove that the minimum number of edges in a C5‐saturated graph on n vertices is sat(n, C5) = ?10(n ? 1)/7? ? 1 for 11≤n≤14, or n = 16, 18, 20, and is ?10(n ? 1)/7? for all other n≥5, and we also prove that the only C5‐saturated graphs with sat(n, C5) edges are the graphs described in Section 2 . © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 67: 9‐26, 2011 相似文献
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Ya‐Chen Chen 《Journal of Graph Theory》2009,61(2):111-126
A graph is C5‐saturated if it has no five‐cycle as a subgraph, but does contain a C5 after the addition of any new edge. We prove that the minimum number of edges in a C5 ‐saturated graph on n≥11 vertices is sat(n, C5)=?10(n?1)/7??1 if n∈N0={11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20} and is ?10(n?1)/7? if n≥11 and n?N0. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 相似文献
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Let n ≥ 3 be a positive integer, and let G be a simple graph of order v containing no cycles of length smaller than n + 1 and having the greatest possible number of edges (an extremal graph). Does G contain an n + 1-cycle? In this paper we establish some properties of extremal graphs and present several results where this question is answered affirmatively. For example, this is always the case for (i) v ≥ 8 and n = 5, or (ii) when v is large compared to n: v ≥ , where a = n - 3 - , n ≥ 12. On the other hand we prove that the answer to the question is negative for v = 2n + 2 ≥ 26. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 26: 147–153, 1997 相似文献