Information Criteria for the Degree of Turbulence Self-Organization

Turbulence is considered as a self-organizing process, and the information entropy serves as a criterion for the degree of its self-organization. The universal information criteria of the limiting degree of self-organization are determined for hierarchic systems. According to the Klimontovich S-theorem, the difference between the entropies of laminar and turbulent flows can be expressed through a function of the velocity pulsations whose stationary points correspond to the desired criteria. A comparison of the theoretical conclusions with the results of thermoanemometer measurements in air jets demonstrates their satisfactory agreement.     

Evolution of the Entropy and Renyi Difference Information during Self-Organization of Open Additive Systems

Evolution of the entropy and Renyi difference information is considered during transitions between stationary states in the space of control parameters for additive self-organization systems. S- and I-theorems on changes in the Renyi additive measures are proved under the Gibbs condition for the effective Hamiltonian. In the group approach, one- and two-parameter entropies and difference information of six types are obtained depending on the distribution seminorm.__________Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 42–47, March, 2005.     

I-Theorem

The paper deals with the importance of Kullback discrimination information in the processes of self-organization in open systems. The Kullback discrimination information defines the measure of the degree of order of states in the systems. General I-theorem concerning variation of the Kullback discrimination information during self-organization is formulated.     

红外光谱评价内燃机油抗氧化性能的研究

红外光谱快速检测石油产品性能是近年来发展的新技术,目前国内外在该领域的研究仅限于测试燃料油性能,由于润滑油组成、结构复杂,红外光谱技术测试润滑油性能的研究还未见报道。文章研究了润滑油组成、结构的红外光谱特征,提出了根据内燃机油组成、结构对抗氧化性能的贡献来提取其光谱信息的技术路线。结合BP神经网络和自组织神经网络的优点,发展了量化自组织神经网络数学模型,该数学模型具有自组织神经网络的定性聚类功能和BP神经网络的定量分析功能,与BP神经网络相比较,量化自组织神经网络具有更好的鲁棒性,测试结果优于BP神经网络,该论文的研究为润滑油性能的快速检测提供了一种新的技术手段。     

用于水声传感器网络自组织的询问式泛洪广播算法

水声传感器网络(Underwater acoustic sensor networks,UASN)通常由随机散布的传感器节点组成。需要通过自组织算法将这些节点组成具有一定功能的网络。目前,已有较多成熟的用于陆地无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks,WSN)的自组织算法。但水声通信中存在的严重的传播损失、较高的背景噪声、有限的通信带宽、较长的传播时延、复杂的多途信道等,使得大多数适用于WSN的自组织算法难以适用于UASN。本文提出了一种改进的自组织算法,在简单泛洪广播算法中附加一段询问过程。通过OPNET仿真证明了在相同的条件下,相比于简单泛洪与概率泛洪广播算法,本算法可以在较短的时间内建立起有效路由,降低了水声网络在自组织阶段的能量消耗。     

Simulation of the self-organization of nanocontacts in thin gold films

An efficient method has been developed for simulation of the self-organization of metal nanocontacts obtained by transmission electron microscopy. In the framework of this approach, the basic steps of nanocontact formation at room temperature are determined and the main diffusion events determining the contact formation time and the shape of the contacts are revealed. The self-organization of nanocontacts having different orientations with respect to the original fcc lattice is considered. The results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data on nanocontact formation.     

Investigation on characteristics of self-organization in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity

The characteristics of coherent coupling in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity are experimentally studied. By virtue of a seemly controlling of length difference between two interferometric arms, the obtained comb-like spectrum of interferometer resonator with a period of 0.06 nm commendably agrees with the theory of self-organization coherence. The coherent output exits from the output mirror of a fiber Bragg grating with 4.5% reflectivity. A high coherent combining efficiency of 94% is obtained. Investigation on characteristics of the leak power opens out self-organization mechanism in Mach-Zehnder composite cavity.     

A new technology for studying multicomponent liquids using a quartz crystal resonator: Theory and applications

A new technique for analyzing multicomponent liquids is suggested. It is based on recording “electronic autographs” of liquids and thereby allows one to identify and certify them. In this technique, information comes from the dynamics of the complex process of self-organization in drying drops, this dynamics being dependent on the composition and structure of the liquid. Detecting the self-organization dynamics as acoustomechanical impedance, one can reveal quantitative distinctions between liquids and thereby test their quality by comparing with a reference.     

Electron self-organization in electronic devices in the light of principles of mechanics and thermodynamics

The principle of least action is extended for many-particle systems. The equivalency of basic energy relationships of mechanics and thermodynamics is demonstrated. It is shown that crystallization of solutions in thermodynamics and self-organization of electronic structures in electronic devices obey the same laws. The definition of thermodynamic information is refined.     

Calculation of anisotropic strain-engineered patterns of monolayer islands

The self-organization of monolayer epitaxy islands in presence of anisotropies in surface stress, applied stress, and lattice mismatch between the film and substrate materials is investigated. The fundamental nature of island interactions is addressed in the context of a model wherein the system free energy consists of the excess energy and strain energy of atomic surface steps. It is shown the anisotropy can change the character of island interactions. An energy-reducing kinetic relation is adopted to evolve an initially random morphology towards a generally metastable minimum energy state. It is found the self-organization of islands into a regular array requires both the repulsion between islands and tendency for islands to aligned in a particular direction. Small anisotropies provide the required repulsion but not the tendency for islands to align and large anisotropies provide the necessary alignment but cause islands to attract. Modest levels of anisotropy provide the most favorable conditions of self-organization.     

On the self-organization of atomic magnetic moments after application of an electric field

An attempt is made to reveal the self-organization of atomic magnetic moments in rare-earth ferrimagnets of the TbFe₂ type, an effect reported on in the works of S.K. Godovikov. A careful experimental study and a critical analysis of the data reported in his publications suggest that there are no grounds to maintain that this phenomenon exists.     

Onset of turbulence and profile resilience in the Helimak configuration

An experimental study of the onset of drift wave and flute interchange instabilities in the Helimak configuration is presented. It is shown that the Helimak offers the opportunity to separate the regions where these instabilities are active and to assess their relative role in cross-field anomalous transport and in the self-organization of exponential plasma density profiles with resilient scale length. Some results indicating a period doubling route to turbulence are also presented.     

An emergent computation approach to the problem of polygon layout with performance constraints

We address the two-dimensional satellite irregular polygons layout problem (TDSIPLP). By mapping the layout problem to a physical system, we present a self-organization emergence algorithm (SEA) based on a multi-agent system (MAS). SEA uses information on the local energy of agents and neighborhood rules to guide interactions between the agents and the environment. System self-organization evolves at a microcosmic level and eventually yields a layout that meets the performance constraints for a satellite. Experiments show that SEA can provide much better performance than other optimization techniques, such as generalized simulated annealing (GSA).     

Nonequilibrium state of self-organized protein nanostructures

Early experiments (1988–2004) on drying out an open (far from equilibrium) colloid protein-water system in vitro at a sufficiently high rate of water evaporation allowed us to reveal for the first time the nonequilibrium state of protein during its self-organization. Thus, an experimental model of protein in vitro, which is to some extent reminiscent of its behavior in vivo, is realized. Based on these findings, we discuss the role of the nonequilibrium liquid-crystal state of protein at its self-organization in the living organism. The emphasis is on the information content of protein and phase transitions in it, as well as on the properties of the aqueous adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) system with regard to the rate of water removal. A hypothesis is put forward that the ATP-ADP system serves to accomplish a special mechanism of vital importance providing cyclic self-organization of protein in the high-energy state. It is hoped that an in-depth study of this state will form the basis for further advances in the science of protein not only in the equilibrium state (on the angstrom scale) but also in the nonequilibrium state from the nano-to macroscale.     

Self-organization of quasi-equilibrium steady-state condensation in accumulative ion-plasma devices

We consider both theoretically and experimentally self-organization process of quasi-equilibrium steady-state condensation of sputtered substance in accumulative ion-plasma devices. It has been shown that the self-organization effect is caused by self-consistent variations of the condensate temperature and the supersaturation of depositing atoms. Two possible types of self-organization process have been found out on the basis of the phase-plane method. The aluminium condensation experimental data confirming the self-organization nature of quasi-equilibrium steady-state condensation are discussed.     

A nonisentropic compression heater

Mathematical and mechanical models of a heating device based on periodic nonisentropic compression are constructed; the fields of application of these models are outlined. An expression for the minimal period of eigenmodes is deduced and special features of the behavior of such a nonlinear system are revealed. The phenomenon of self-organization leading to the definite quasi-linear behavior of the system is considered.     

Evolutionary aspect of protein self-organization

Numerous experimental data (published in 1988–2006) show that, when an open protein-water system far from thermodynamic equilibrium is dehydrated (dried), abiogenic self-organization of the protein invariably takes place, which complicates the structure and also results in the formation of a 3D supramolecular architecture with synchronous replication of spiral vortices and domains (cells) with nuclei having spiral clockwise and counterclockwise symmetry typical of protein in the living organism. When a solvent evaporates, say, from a multicomponent solution, such as blood serum, a protein structure arises the morphology of which copies the morphology of the protein one-component system. Thus, the competing activity of protein is observed when it experiences phase transition in the course of self-organization. In light of a new evolutionary chemical theory based on the Rudenko concept, these data allow one to put forward a hypothesis that protein exhibits evolutionary properties under conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. This hypothesis relies on the assumption that the energetically active structure of protein self-organizing in the course of its phase transition may generate energy necessary for catalysis and autocatalysis when a one-component protein-water system dries out. An important piece of evidence in favor of this hypothesis is the presence of the basic type of symmetry (spiral mirror clockwise or counterclockwise symmetry) under the given nonequilibrium conditions in vitro, which is characteristic of animate nature, protein in the living organism in vivo, and abiogenic self-organization of protein in vitro.     

Nonlinear multimode dynamics of the formation of deformation defect mesostructures in crystals under radiation

Two-stage dynamics of the self-organization of three-dimensional cluster-and periodic deformation defect mesostructures in cubic crystals under radiation is considered and the criteria of mesostructure self-organization are formulated.