醇硫基丙烷磺酸钠对电解高性能锂电铜箔的影响

电解铜箔因其工艺简单、经济价值高,已广泛应用于印制线路板和锂离子电池领域。研究表明在电解制箔过程中,加入微量添加剂即可大幅度提高电解铜箔性能。因此,在基础电解液(312.5g·L^-1CuSO₄·5H₂O,100g·L^-1H₂SO₄,50mg·L^-1Cl^-)基础上,加入添加剂考察了电解液的电化学行为以及对铜箔表面形貌、结构以及性能的影响。实验选取了醇硫基丙烷磺酸钠(HP)、水解蛋白(HVP)和N,N-二甲基硫代甲酰胺丙烷磺酸钠(DPS)作为组合添加剂,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线洐射(XRD)以及电化学分析等方法,重点考察了组合添加中HP对铜箔表面形貌和物理性能的影响。研究结果表明,在组合添加剂体系中HP具有较强的去极化作用,可以加速铜核的生长,且具有增强铜(200)晶面的择优生长取向。HP与DPS、HVP的协同作用可以进一步减小电解铜箔的晶粒尺寸,降低表面粗糙,提高铜箔力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。所制备的电解铜箔均匀...     

电沉积铜箔的微观组织结构——三维电结晶模式中的电结晶机理探讨

电沉积铜箔随着印刷线路板和锂离子电池的大量应用而越来越受到重视,产业规模仍在发展中。相对于电镀设备的制造和电沉积工艺的开发,但有关电沉积的机理方面的研究较少。本文总结了电沉积铜箔的制造过程并分析了不同电沉积铜技术中各电镀参数的差异,指出电沉积电流密度在铜箔形成过程中的重要作用。通过展示和比较不同电沉积铜箔的微观组织结构,讨论了电沉积中各影响因素对铜箔微观组织结构以及对其宏观机械性能的影响。从前人研究结果中发现电沉积条件和镀液组分对铜箔微观组织形貌及其宏观机械性能有重大影响,但电解铜箔的晶粒大小、织构等微观组织结构参数与其宏观机械性能间无法建立起有效的关联,这对以镀层的微观组织结构为桥梁来建立电沉积条件对铜箔宏观机械性能的理论框架带来极大的困扰。前人试图通过研究铜箔电沉积机理来解决这一难题。经典金属电沉积理论认为提高过电位能够增加瞬时成核数量并降低晶粒平均尺寸,但无法解释结晶中择优取向等问题。渡边辙发现电沉积与冶金的相似性,认为电沉积金属的微观组织结构与金属熔点相关,但其“微观结构控制”理论还存在一些缺陷,例如无法解释添加剂对晶粒的细化作用等。笔者建议可从价键及能带理论角度重塑电沉积机理...     

铜丝去锈的一种方法

在实验室做电解等电化学实验时,常常需要铜丝、铜箔。而铜丝、铜箔长时间使用或存放表面会生成绿色的铜锈或污垢,影响实验效果。现介绍一种简单铜丝除锈方法,效果很好。     

电解铜箔表面电沉积Zn-Ni-P-La合金工艺

为了缓解我国高性能铜箔依靠进口的局面,进行了将类金属(P)和稀土金属(La)引入电解铜箔锌镍合金镀层中以获得高耐腐蚀性铜箔的实验。 利用电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段分析镀层质量。 在最佳工艺下获得非晶态Zn-Ni-P-La合金镀层,镀层表面平整均匀、结晶致密,未钝化的情况下,铜箔镀件在180 ℃烘箱中保持1 h不变色,表现出较理想的抗氧化和抗腐蚀能力。 表明镀层中适量的P和稀土La对改善镀层质量有着重要的作用,具有较好的工业应用前景。     

对氨基苯胂酸电化学合成的研究

研究优化电解还原对硝基苯胂酸(p-A)合成对氨基苯胂酸(p-ASA)的工艺条件.实验表明:硫酸浓度、添加剂量、反应温度、投料量等工艺参数对合成产率有显著影响.初步得出比较适宜的电解合成条件为:硫酸浓度10%(bymass,下同)、添加剂量1%(bymass)NaCl、反应温度80℃、投料量71.4g/L、电流密度10A·dm-2.在上述工艺条件下,电解合成产率可达65.8%.     

锌电解液中铅的去除研究现状

湿法炼锌是现代炼锌的主要方法。其工艺流程包括：焙烧—浸出—净化—电解—熔铸。在硫酸锌溶液电解体系中采用Pb-Ag合金做阳极板，电解过程中阳极中的Pb会部分溶解在电解液中。而溶解在电解液中的铅离子不断累积，不仅对生产工艺带来了巨大的影响，还会大大降低阴极金属锌的品质。对湿法炼锌阴极锌产品中铅的来源、含铅高的原因以及锌电解液铅去除的技术方法进行了综述，对比了各个方法的优缺点，同时针对各种除铅方法所用的试剂从经济性、环保性、效率性、操作复杂性等方面进行了进一步的比较，提出了用絮凝剂及复合添加剂等替代磷酸盐、碳酸盐除铅的想法，并对未来除铅添加剂发展趋势进行了展望。     

原子荧光光度法同时测定硫酸铜电解液中微量砷和锑

电解铜箔是用来制造印刷电路板、组装电子元件的电子工业基础材料 ,是铜冶炼的深加工产品。其生产过程中硫酸铜电解液中砷、锑的含量直接影响电解铜箔的抗剥离强度。因此 ,测定电解液中砷和锑的含量显得尤为重要。硫酸铜电解液中砷的测定一般采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银比色法[1] ,大量铜离子存在下锑的测定采用原子吸收光谱法[2 ] 。采用原子荧光光度法可同时测定砷和锑。通过KI 抗坏血酸沉淀掩蔽 ,消除了电解液中大量铜离子对砷、锑的测定干扰[1] ,本法具有操作简单、快捷等特点 ,分析准确度和精密度都较满意。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试…     

电解法制备K_2FeO_4过程添加剂的筛选

应用电解法,并于阳极电解液中分别加入KIO4等不同种类添加剂制备K2FeO4,考察添加剂对电流效率以及FeO42-稳定性的影响规律,产品K2FeO4的结构形貌由XRD、SEM表征.结果表明,KIO4是比较理想的添加剂,在阳极液中添加质量比为0.02%的KIO4,电解1h后,电流效率可提高31.6%,K2FeO4产品的纯度相应提高了3.85%.     

电解醇制氢

发展了利用甲醇直接电解制氢这种经济的制氢方法, 实验结果表明电解甲醇制氢能够极大地降低电能消耗. 此方法的新颖之处在于方法简单和成本低. 将直接甲醇燃料电池膜电极作为电解装置, 可以达到任何规模的要求. 如果将这种电解装置与太阳能电池联用, 可非常经济地制氢及氢气储存, 或直接向燃料电池或其它化学工程装置供氢.     

固定床电解槽变电流成对电解合成乙醛酸

对电解氧化乙二醛合成乙醛酸过程 ,固定床电解槽和变电流电解效果明显优于平板型电解槽和恒电流电解效果 .当阳极液中乙二醛和盐酸初始质量分数 (WCHOCHO 和WHCI)分别等于7.0 %和 8.0 %、阴极液为始终饱和的草酸溶液和微量的添加剂时 ,采用平均电流密度 (i)为 15 35A/m2 的变电流方式电解 ,阳极电流效率 (CEa)为 85 .3%、乙醛酸选择性 (RSa)为 93.9% ;阴极电流效率 (CEc)为 86 .7% ,乙醛酸选择性 (RSc)为 94 .0 % .阳极初产品中WCHOCOOH∶WCHOCHO≥ 4 0∶3,克服了阳极产品中乙二醛难以除去的困难     

配位聚合重金属沉淀剂BDP的研究及其应用

使用自制的配位聚合重金属沉淀剂BDP对印制电路板含铜废水进行处理.结果表明,沉淀剂BDP能有效处理废水中自由及络合Cu2+,处理后废水的pH在7.5左右,废水中剩余铜离子降低到0.5 mg/L.该沉淀剂BDP可应用到PCB厂含Cu2+废水处理,使之达到国家废水处理排放标准.     

A ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on Cu2O polyhedrons modified Cu electrode

A novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor was successfully fabricated based on the Cu2O polyhedrons covered Cu foil.The Cu2O polyhedrons covered Cu foil was constructed via a facile,low-cost and larger scale producible method.The Cu2O polyhedrons covered Cu foil can be directly used as the working electrode of nonenzymatic glucose sensor,which present good stability and flexibility.The results indicated that the Cu2O polyhedrons modified Cu electrode(Cu2O/Cu electrode) showed high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose in alkaline solution.There are two linear regions of glucose concentration for the glucose sensor based on Cu2O/Cu electrode,respectively in 10 mmol/L to 0.53 mmol/L(sensitivity:3029.33 mA(mmol/L) à1 cm à2) and in 0.53-7.53 mmol/L(sensitivity:728.67 mA(mmol/L) à1 cm à2).     

用于浸没式工艺的光刻胶研究进展

浸没式光刻技术是在原干法光刻的基础上采用高折射率浸没液体取代原来空气的空间,从而提高光刻分辨率的一种先进技术.此项技术的实际应用,为当前IC产业的飞速发展起到了关键的作用.本文概述了浸没式光刻技术的发展历程和浸没式光刻胶遇到的挑战及要求;对浸没式光刻胶主体树脂、光致产酸剂及添加剂的研究进展进行了综述;最后对浸没式光刻胶的研究发展方向作了进一步的探讨及初步预测.     

Zn-Organic Batteries for the Semi-Hydrogenation of Biomass Aldehyde Derivatives and Concurrently Enhanced Power Output

Electricity generation and chemical productions are both critically important for the sustainable development of modern civilization. Here, a novel bifunctional Zn-organic battery has been established for the concurrent enhanced electricity output and semi-hydrogenations of a series of biomass aldehyderivatives, for the high value-added chemical syntheses. Among them, the typical Zn-furfural (FF) battery equipped with Cu foil-supported edge-enriched Cu nanosheets as cathodic electrocatalyst (Cu NS/Cu foil), provides a maximum current density and power density of 14.6 mA cm⁻² and 2.00 mW cm⁻², respectively, and in the meantime, produces high value product, furfural alcohol (FAL). The Cu NS/Cu foil catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance of ≈93.5 % conversion ratio and ≈93.1 % selectivity for FF semi-hydrogenation at a low potential of -1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl by using H₂O as H source, and shows impressive performance for various biomass aldehyderivatives semi-hydrogenation.     

Reaction of imidazole in gas phase at very low pressure with Cu foil and Cu oxides studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The gas‐phase reactions of imidazole with Cu foil, CuO and Cu₂O powders at a pressure of 10^?5 Torr are studied by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at room temperature for 1 h. The reactivity of gaseous imidazole is very intense with Cu foil, weak with CuO and nil with Cu₂O. The reaction product on the Cu foil is cuprous imidazolate of oligomeric nature and with CuO is cupric imidazolate of very low molecular weight. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One-step electrochemical synthesis of Cu—Zn—Sn—Se precursor thin films from solutions containing lactic acid

The influence of the conditions of electrochemical deposition of Cu—Zn—Sn—Se precursor thin films from solutions containing lactic acid on their optical and electrophysical properties was studied. It was found that an additional annealing step of precursor films in a selenium atmosphere at 550 °C is necessary for the preparation of single-phase polycrystalline photoconducting Cu—Zn—Sn—Se films with a band gap energy equal to ~1 eV. The obtained semiconductor CZTSe materials satisfy the composition and property requirements imposed on absorbing layers in solar panels.     

Synthesis and investigation of electrolytic sodium-vanadium oxide compounds for cathodes of lithium batteries: The production of compounds with stable initial characteristics

Heterogeneous vanadium oxide compounds are produced by electrolyzing a vanadyl sulfate solution containing sodium ions. Limiting technological parameters ensuring the synthesis of electrolytic products with stable initial electrochemical characteristics are found. As sodium ions enhance adhesion of electrolytic deposits to the substrate, these can be used in the thin-layer cathodes of lithium batteries without inert additives, along with the composite electrodes containing such additives. The deposits’ electrochemical properties depend on the content of sodium ions in the electrolyte and the subsequent thermal treatment. Specific discharge capacity of such deposits may reach 320 A h kg^-1 when discharged to 2.0 V at 100 ΜA cm^-2.     

Effect of Lithia and Substrate on the Electrochemical Performance of a Lithia/Cobalt Oxide Composite Thin‐Film Anode

Highly porous reticular Li₂O/CoO composite thin films fabricated by electrostatic spray deposition were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, galvanostatic cell-cycling measurements, and AC impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results of the electrochemical tests indicate that the initial coulombic efficiency and capacity retention are dependent on Li₂O content and the specific surface area of the deposited layer. Irrespective of the type of substrate, the electrode gave the best electrochemical performance when the molar ratio of Li to Co was controlled at 1:1. At the optimal composition, at 0.2 C the initial coulombic efficiency was as high as 81.9 % and 83.6 % for the film on Cu foil and on porous Ni, respectively. The Li₂O/CoO (Li/Co=1:1) films on Ni foam and Cu foil had sustained capacities of up to 790 and 715 mAh g⁻¹, respectively, at a rate of 1 C over 100 cycles at 25 °C. Similar cycling experiments carried out at 70 °C showed that the capacity is temperature-sensitive, and it exhibited reversible capacities as high as 1018 (Cu foil) and 1269 mAh g⁻¹ (Ni foam) for up to 100 cycles. The thin-film electrodes on Ni foam always performed better than those on Cu foil. Cycling at elevated temperature (70 °C) also resulted in a significant increase in capacity.     

Fe-ZIF8 Coating Cu Foil Derived Carbon as A pH-Universal Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

It is a great challenge to fabricate highly efficient pH-universal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a facile strategy, which includes coating the Fe modified ZIF8 on Cu foil and in situ pyrolysis to evaporate and dope Cu into the MOF derived carbon, is developed to fabricate Fe/Cu−N co-doped carbon material (Cu/Fe−NC). Profiting from the modulated electron distribution and textual properties, well-designed Cu/Fe−NC exhibits superior half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.923 V in alkaline, 0.757 V in neutral and comparable 0.801 V in acid electrolytes, respectively. Furthermore, the ultralow peroxides yield of ORR demonstrates the high selectivity of Cu/Fe−NC in full pH scale electrolytes. As expected, the self-made alkaline and neutral zinc-air batteries equipped with Cu/Fe−NC cathode display excellent discharge voltages, outstanding peak power densities and remarkable stability. This work opens a new way to fabricate highly efficient and pH-universal electrocatalysts for ORR through strategy of Fe/Cu−N co-doping, Cu foil evaporation and carbon defects capture.     

Lithiation/delithiation performance of Sn–Co alloy anode using rough Cu foil as current collector

Sn–Co alloys were electrodeposited on the rough Cu foil and smooth Cu sheet, respectively. The capacity retention of the Sn–Co alloy electrode electrodeposited on the rough Cu foil in the 70th cycle was found to be 80.0% compared with the maximal capacity, which was much better than that of the Sn–Co alloy electrode on the smooth Cu sheet. The revolution of the surface morphology of the Sn–Co alloy electrode during cycling was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The result indicated that the reversibility of the expansion and contraction of the Sn–Co alloy electrode on the rough Cu foil during charging/discharging assisted by the unique rough surface was one main reason of improving the cycleability. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film was detected on the Sn–Co alloy electrode surface by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during lithiation/delithiation, and the result demonstrated that the SEI film suffered breaking and repairing at different lithiation status. In addition, the unique phase transformation process for the Sn–Co alloy electrode during first lithiation was also investigated by EIS.