质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下的速度、加速度和时间

对于一个质点从可自由移动的光滑的凹曲面上滑下的速度、加速度和时间作了一般性讨论,建立了相应的公式.并对质点的运动平面与凹曲面的交线分别为直线、抛物线和椭圆等情况进行了具体的计算.     

质点从可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下的运动轨迹问题

运用质心运动定理,分析了质点在可自由移动的凹曲面上滑下时,质点对惯性系的运动轨迹方程．并就质点的运动平面与凹曲面的交线方程分别为直线、椭圆、双曲线、抛物线等情况进行了讨论。     

质点沿可自由移动的光滑凹槽的运动分析

分析了质点在可自由移动的凹槽上运动的运动平面与凹槽的交线是一般曲线的情况,给出了质点在静止参考系中运动的轨迹方程和严格等时振动的条件,求出了质点沿几种常见曲线运动的周期.     

质点自由下落和上抛运动的精确解及偏移量和能量的讨论

基于质点自由下落和上抛在非惯性系下的动力学微分方程,得到质点坐标的精确解,然后获得两类问题的东西方向偏移量.得到了动能和势能的表达式,验证了运动过程中机械能守恒的特点.算例讨论了不同初始高度和不同初始速度下的偏移量值.     

1,8,15,22-四(3-戊氧基)自由酞菁的结构、性质和红外光谱研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)基组水平上对1,8,15,22-四(3-戊氧基)自由酞菁的分子结构、分子轨道、原子电荷分布和红外光谱进行了研究。对酞菁骨架结构计算的键长 和晶体结构相差最大仅0.002 nm,最小的不足0.000 3 nm,表明了计算的酞菁骨架结构与晶体数据很吻合;对实验红外光谱图上的峰和模拟的峰的波数进行对应线性拟合,得出拟合直线的斜率为1.039, 截距为58 cm-1,说明计算的红外光谱和实验测得的对应得非常好。上述结果验证了所选取的理论方法和基组的可靠性。通过与未取代自由酞菁结构和性质的比较,发现烷氧基取代后的酞菁 分子中原子电荷仍然主要分布在酞菁环的内部,烷氧基的氧原子也带有较多负电荷。但是α-位烷氧基取代对整个酞菁分子结构和性质都产生很大的影响,烷氧基取代升高了HOMO和LUMO的能量,降低了 HOMO-LUMO能级,从而降低了其稳定性。借助正则坐标分析,对红外光谱中的重要吸收峰进行了详细的指认。     

对《从一道力学题目看一类题目的机械能守恒》一文的补充

关于这个题目我们收到一些稿件，下面摘发两篇供读者参考．到目前为止，本刊收到类似内容的来稿作者还有： １．北京航空学院　黄文雄， ２．北京化纤工学院　王菊明， ３．山东师大物理系８４级二班　赵坤学． 因本刊篇幅有限，恕不一一发表，请上述来稿作者谅解．     

电场对低聚呋喃的几何构型、电子结构和输运行为的影响

采用密度泛函方法在6-31G*水平上,对一系列不同链长的低聚呋喃分子在外电场作用下的性质进行了理论计算研究。结果表明电场的引入提高了呋喃分子共轭性,电场的诱导使偶极增加,SCF能量降低和HOMO-LUMO能隙变窄.进一步通过硫原子将呋喃分子与金电极相连接,利用非平衡格林函数方法对其在0.0~2.0V偏压下电子输运特征进行了研究.讨论链长效应对这些性质的影响.     

正弦波传播介质中的质点在做简谐运动吗——对人教版《物理·选修3-4》波动部分的一点看法

人民教育出版社2010年4月第3版《物理·选修3-4》认为,有正弦波传播的介质中的质点在做简谐运动.但笔者查阅了相关书籍后发现这一说法欠妥.本文将从平面简谐波的波动方程和介质波的能量出发,分析机械波能量在空间上的分布、随时间的变化与能量传递的实质,通过与简谐运动进行对比,对新教材中关于机械波传播过程中介质中质点的运动作新的描述,即"简谐波是简谐运动在介质中的传播,介质中各质点做的是运动规律满足正弦(或余弦)图像的受迫振动".     

关于《对一道典型物理错题的分析》的补充

《物理通报》2011年第4期的封三上发表的文章《对一道典型物理错题的分析》,我读过后有些补充意见陈述如下.(1)文中指出的(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)诸式是错的,并说明物体的运动应遵守角动量守恒定律.下面根据角动量守恒和匀速圆周运动向心力公式导出(9)式是对的,只是(6)式错了——v少个平方.最     

高压对氮化硼纳米管的几何结构、电子结构和光学性质的影响

运用密度泛函理论平面波赝势方法(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA),计算研究了纳米管BN(5,5)在不同压力条件下的几何结构、电子结构和光学性质. 在高压条件下管口形状发生了较大的变化. 与闪锌矿结构BN比较分析发现两种结构间存在一些性质上的差异：首先,在外压力作用下,BN(5,5)纳米管的带隙随压力增大而减小,变化率为-0.01795eV/GPa,而闪锌矿结构BN随压力增大而增大;其次光吸收谱在压力条件下,没有和闪锌矿结构BN一样发生“蓝移”,相反在红外方向有所拓展;但纳米管BN(5,5)电子的转移方向和 关键词： 氮化硼纳米管 密度泛函理论(DFT) 电子结构     

单摆测重力加速度实验的改进

在单摆测重力加速度实验中,很难对摆长进行非常精确的测量,在较好的测量条件下其测量精度一般也只能达到毫米量级,所测得重力加速度的相对误差一般在1％左右.针对这一问题,本文通过对单摆实验装置进行改进,利用与摆线连接在一起的游标卡尺精确测量摆长的改变量而不直接测量单摆摆长,可将测量精度提高到0.02毫米.同时利用光电门测量摆...     

Holographic dark energy from acceleration of particle horizon

Following the holographic principle, which suggests that the energy density of dark energy may be inversely proportional to the area of the event horizon of the Universe, we propose a new energy density of dark energy through the acceleration of the particle horizon scaled by the length of this parameter. The proposed model depends only on one free parameter: begin{document}$ beta approx 0-1.99 $end{document}. For values of begin{document}$ beta $end{document} near zero, the deviation between the proposed model and the begin{document}$ mathrm{Lambda } $end{document} CDM model is significant, while for begin{document}$ beta to 1.99 $end{document}, the suggested model has no conflict with the begin{document}$ mathrm{Lambda } $end{document} CDM theory. Regardless of the value of begin{document}$ beta $end{document}, the model considers dark energy to behave as matter with positive pressure in high redshifts, begin{document}$ {omega }_{X}approx 0.33 $end{document}, while for present and near-future Universe, it is considered to behave similar to that in the cosmological constant model and phantom field. Comparing the model with the Ricci dark energy model, we show that our model reduces the errors of the Ricci dark energy model concerning the calculation of the age of old supernovae and evolution of different cosmic components in high redshifts. Moreover, we calculated matter structure formation parameters such as the CMB temperature and matter power spectrum of the model to consider the effects of matter-like dark energy during the matter-dominated era.     

A vision for laser induced particle acceleration and applications

High intensity lasers interacting with solid and gas targets can produce energetic beams of electrons, protons, heavy ions, photons and neutrons. There is the potential for producing “table top” sources of radiation for many different applications.     

Chameleon field and the late time acceleration of the Universe

In the present work, it is shown that a chameleon scalar field having a non-minimal coupling with dark matter can give rise to a smooth transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase of expansion for the Universe. It is surprising to note that the coupling with the chameleon scalar field hardly affects the evolution of the dark matter sector, which still redshifts as a ^⃛.     

Retrieval of the surface wind speed from satellite radio-altimeter data: A review of algorithms

We give a review of surface wind-speed retrieval algorithms using satellite radio-altimeter data and analyze the efficiency of these algorithms. The data processing by new radio altimeters (JASON and ENVISAT) showed that the two-parameter algorithm developed for the satellite “Topex A” effectively operates with the data of the new radio altimeters and exceeds in accuracy the conventional algorithm by 5–10%. We discuss two main reasons for the wind-speed retrieval errors: (i) ambiguous relationship between the wind speed and the backscattering cross section and (ii) regional features of the wave climate formation. Within the framework of a two-parameter algorithm, we propose a new approach for the wind-speed retrieval problem, in which two-mode structures (wind waves and a swell) are taken into account. The data processing confirmed that the new approach allows one to reduce the error related to regional features of the wave climate formation by another 5–7%. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 279–293, April 2006.     

Neutron scattering from aerosols: intraparticle structure factor, guinier analysis of particle speed, and crossed beam kinematics

A theoretical formalism for neutron scattering from systems of particles is applied to liquid nanodroplet aerosols. A term arising from intraparticle, intermolecular correlations is identified. The kinematical theory of two body scattering is recast into a form convenient for interpreting the results of experiments with crossed beams of neutrons and aerosol particles. Based on a theoretical analysis of the scattered intensity in the Guinier region, a method for determining the particle velocity directly from the experimental data is outlined. The method is not restricted by assumptions about particle shape, composition, uniformity, or size distribution.     

测量滑块运行速度装置的设计

介绍了采用光栅和光电转换电路测量转速，并直观显示滑块运行速度装置的结构和原理。