AlPO4-5分子筛模板剂的量子化学计算

以23种有机分子作为模板剂用于AlPO₄-5分子筛的合成,利用分子图形技术研究这些有机分子的形状和尺寸,采用量子化学PM3方法研究这些有机分子的电子性质,计算它们与AlPO₄-5分子筛骨架模型簇之间的相互作用能。结果表明,量子化学计算数据可以作为寻找合成AlPO₄-5分子筛新型模板剂时的重要参考依据。     

高性能AlPO4-14分子筛膜的制备及气体分离性能

制备了高性能的AlPO₄-14分子筛膜. 首先通过控制反应溶胶中水和模板剂的含量制备了形貌均一的AlPO₄-14分子筛, 分子筛的尺寸为15~18 mm; 然后采用晶种法即在反应凝胶中加入分子筛作为晶种进一步调控分子筛的大小, 使得AlPO₄-14分子筛的尺寸从15~18 mm减小到2~3 mm, 得到形貌均一的纯相片状晶体, 同时有效缩短了制备时间; 最后以多孔管状莫来石为支撑体, 采用二次生长法制备AlPO₄-14分子筛膜. 考察了2种不同大小的晶种对膜形貌和性能的影响, 发现以大尺寸的分子筛(15~18 mm)作为晶种制备的分子筛膜的分离层存在较多缺陷, 而采用小尺寸的晶种(2~3 mm)制备的膜层较均一致密. AlPO₄-14分子筛膜经高温脱除模板剂后仍然保持着纯相的AlPO₄-14晶型, 表明二次生长法促进了AlPO₄-14晶体在膜层中的生长且使其具有更高的结晶度和热稳定性. 在25 ℃, 100 kPa下, AlPO₄-14分子筛膜对H₂/CH₄, CO₂/CH₄和H₂/CF₄的理想分离因子分别为28, 40和1047, 且H₂和CO₂的渗透速率分别为6.3×10 ^-7和9×10 ^-7 mol·(m ²·s·Pa) ^-1; 对等摩尔CO₂/CH₄混合气体的分离因子为81.5, 且CO₂的渗透速率为8.8×10 ^-7 mol·(m ²·s·Pa) ^-1.     

正交晶系中AlPO4-5类似物骨架拓扑结构设计(Ⅱ)──分子力学方法计算设计结构的空间能

采用分子力学方法计算了与AlPO₄-5分子筛相关的64种设计结构的空间能。计算得到的空间能与其骨架拓扑结构间密切相关。正交AlPO₄-500的空间能最低(-3447kJ/mol),意味着该结构是最稳定的。它的结构与六方AlPO₄-5具有相同的骨架结构,另有两个设计的正交结构分子筛AlPO₄-562和AlPO₄-557的空间能较低,分别为-3419和-3418kJ/mol,表明这两种结构是稳定的,并有可能被合成出来。发现空间能与结构中的层间氧桥"向上"或"向下"连接的有序性有关。因此,空间能可以作为设计的分子筛骨架存在的可能性大小的判据。     

磷酸锰铝分子筛MnAPO-5的合成、结构与性能研究

在磷酸锰铝分子筛MnAPO-5纯相合成的基础上,研究了它的结构和物化性能。晶胞参数和红外光谱的测定结果表明它具有AlPO₄-5型分子筛的结构;顺磁共振和电子探针能谱分析及组成分析表明Mn(Ⅱ)结合到分子筛的骨架上。同时对其吸附性能,热稳定性表面酸性进行了研究。     

H2O在Fe3O4 (111)表面吸附的结构及热力学研究

使用密度泛函理论（GGA/PBE）对H₂O在Fe_tet1-和Fe_oct2-终结Fe₃O₄ (111)表面的吸附行为进行了研究。对于Fe_tet1-终结表面,在1/5 ML覆盖度下,带有氢键的H₂O分子以及异裂解离的结构具有最高的稳定性,而类似水合氢离子的OH₃⁺-OH结构出现在2/5 ML覆盖度下,其次为带有氢键的水的聚合体。这些结果与实验中观测到的现象一致。对于Fe_oct2-终结表面,在1/6 ML覆盖度下,分子态H₂O的吸附是有利的,而在1/3 ML覆盖度下多种吸附形式共存。H₂O吸附在Fe_tet1-终结表面比吸附在Fe_oct2-终结表面热力学上更有利。此外,通过计算局域态密度（LDOS）对吸附机理进行了分析。     

新磷酸铝分子筛CFAP-2的合成与鉴定

新AlPO₄结晶分子筛相CFAP-2合成于TMEDA(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙基二胺)-P₂O₅-A1₂O₅-H₂O系统,反应物摩尔组成的范围是:TMEDA:P₂O₅:Al₂O₃:H₂O=(1-1.1):1:1:50,晶体形貌,X射线粉末衍射分析,热分析及红外光谱的研究表明:CFAP-2与A1PO₄-21的晶体结构不同,在350℃时,CFAP-2的原粉相转变为具有三维骨架孔结构的较稳定的结晶相。     

7种胺基键合硅胶的制备及其对重金属Pb2+的吸附

制备了氨丙基键合硅胶（SiO₂-N）、乙二胺-N-丙基键合硅胶（SiO₂-2N）、二乙烯三胺基键合硅胶（SiO₂-3N）、三乙烯四胺基键合硅胶（SiO₂-4N）、四乙烯五胺基键合硅胶（SiO₂-5N）、五乙烯六胺基键合硅胶（SiO₂-6N）和聚乙烯亚胺基键合硅胶（SiO₂-nN）,一步法制备的SiO₂-N和SiO₂-2N的胺基键合密度高达2.07 mmol/g和1.71mmol/g,两步法制备的SiO₂-nN的胺基键合密度为0.02mmol/g,其余胺基键合硅胶中胺基密度约为0.50mmol/g。这7种胺基键合硅胶被用于水溶液中常见重金属离子Pb²⁺的吸附研究。结果表明,在30℃条件下,分别加入10 mL 400 mg/L的Pb²⁺溶液（pH 5）和20 mg胺基键合硅胶进行吸附,10 h后,Pb²⁺吸附量达到最大,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温方程。SiO₂-N、SiO₂-2N、SiO₂-3N、SiO₂-4N、SiO₂-5N、SiO₂-6N和SiO₂-nN对Pb²⁺的吸附量依次为131.28、138.98、85.37、75.22、61.87、79.12和114.06 mg/g,这些胺基键合硅胶在吸附Pb²⁺方面均非常具有潜力。     

开放骨架磷酸铝合成中碳链长度对乙二胺结构导向效应的影响

以乙二胺(EDA)和1,3-丙二胺(1,3-DAP)为结构导向剂,在180 ℃加热摩尔比n(Al₂O₃):n(P₂O₅):n(R):n(H₂O)=1:1:1:277(R=EDA,1,3-DAP)的混合物,分别得到了高结晶度的三维阴离子开放骨架磷酸铝AlPO₄-12和UiO-26。 利用X射线粉末衍射分析、元素分析和液相酸碱度测量等表征手段,研究了两个合成体系的晶化过程以及晶化过程中液相的Al、P浓度和pH值随时间的演化。 用Materials Studio中的“原子体积和表面”模块和Dmol3模块计算了双质子化乙二胺和1,3-丙二胺的体积以及Hirshfeld电荷。 结果表明,双质子化EDA和1,3-DAP中N原子上的Hirshfeld电荷分别为0.073 e和0.064 e,按Hirshfeld电荷计算的电荷密度分别为1.8573和1.3400 e/nm³,按形式电荷计算的电荷密度分别为25.44和20.94 e/nm³,而AlPO₄-12和UiO-26的骨架电荷密度分别为-6.1和-4.6 e/nm³。 结果表明,与氨基中N原子相连碳链长度的改变会影响其上的电荷量以及电荷密度,从而改变原有机胺的结构导向效应,导致晶化产物从AlPO₄-12变成了具有较小电荷密度的UiO-26。     

硼化合物研究(Ⅲ)——B10H102-、B12H122-以及B3H8-阴离子的二茂铁季铵盐的合成

本文通过B_nH_n^2-(n=10,12)及B₃H₈^-盐分别与C₅H₅FeC₅H₄CH₂N(R)Me₂Cl和Fe(C₅H₄CH₂N(R)Me₂Cl)₂(R=CH₃-,C₂H₅-,n-C₃H₇-,CH₂=CH-CH₂-和CH≡C-CH₂-)在水溶液中进行反应,合成了相应的三十个新的硼烷阴离子衍生物,这些化合物对水稳定性好,B₁₀H₁₀^2-及B₁₂H₁₂^2-衍生物对热、酸、碱和氧化剂均很稳定。研究了反应物之间的用量比例对反应产物的影响。实验结果表明,不论反应物之间的克分子比如何变化,只能得到相应的一种产物(产率90-98％)。     

AlPO4-5分子筛中二氯苯吸附的分子模拟

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗法（GCMC）研究了二氯苯异构体在AlPO4-5中的吸附，得到了有关吸附热、吸附等温线及吸附位等信息.结果表明，在373 K时，邻二氯苯的吸附量高于对二氯苯；而在523和573 K时，对二氯苯的吸附量高于邻二氯苯.二氯苯的平均势能随着吸附量的增加而降低.讨论了二氯苯异构体在AlPO4-5中的吸附量与它们在分子筛中的排列方式的关系.     

Strong templating effect of TEAOH in the hydrothermal genesis of the AlPO4-5 molecular sieve: Experimental and computational investigations

The hydrothermal genesis of AlPO₄-5, in the presence of four different organic templates, viz., methyldicyclohexylamine (MCHA), triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine (TPA), and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), has been monitored by XRD. It is shown that TEAOH has the best templating ability to the formation of AlPO₄-5 structure under the different synthesis conditions considered in this study. Density functional calculations on periodic models of AlPO₄-5 indicate the strongest nonbonding interaction energy between the template and the framework in the case of TEAOH. Therefore, a new approach correlating the nonbonding interaction energy to the template ability to form a porous structure is proposed as a step toward a better understanding of the role of the organic template in the synthesis of porous molecular sieves.     

Cu-Fe-MgO/AlPO_4-5对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的催化性能研究

以AlPO_4-5分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备Cu-Fe-MgO/AlPO_4-5催化剂,用于催化甲醇和水蒸气重整反应制氢气。采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、CO2-TPD和NH3-TPD等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,加入Fe可以明显提高甲醇的转化率,但副产物二甲醚的选择性也增加,添加MgO对降低二甲醚具有明显的作用,但不能提高甲醇的转化率。AlPO_4-5负载Cu、Fe和MgO的质量分数分别为15%、6%和1%时具有较高的催化活性,在反应温度300℃、水醇物质的量比为1.1∶1和质量空速2.51 h~(-1)的条件下,对甲醇的转化率为93.08%,二氧化碳和氢气的选择性分别为95.80%和96.93%,对副产物一氧化碳和二甲醚的选择性分别为1.70%和2.51%。表征结果表明,Cu-Fe-MgO/AlPO_4-5同时含有弱酸弱碱和强酸强碱中心,适量的MgO增加了强碱中心的量,降低弱酸中心的强度,但对强酸中心影响不大。     

Molecular conformations of protonated dipropylamine in AlPO4-11, AlPO4-31, SAPO-34, and AlPO4-41 molecular sieves

The host-guest interactions in AlPO4-11, AlPO4-31, SAPO-34, and AlPO4-41 molecular sieves prepared using the same organic structure-directing agent, i.e., dipropylamine, are investigated by a combination of Raman, 13C and 1H MAS NMR, and computer modeling studies. It was found that the organic molecules trapped within the pores of these four AlPO4-based materials exist as their protonated form and adopt distinct conformations in order to fit well with the pore structure of each host. In particular, the presence of two different types of conformations of protonated dipropylamine in the circular 12-ring channels of AlPO4-31 has been ascertained.     

The Preparation and Characterization of Several Metal Phosphate Catalysts

Metal phosphates have been widely used as catalysts in many organic reactions for their acid-base and redox properties^[1,2]. Their structure and properties are affected greatly by the preparation method^[2-5]. AlPO₄ is one of the most important metal phosphates. There are many different phases of AlPO₄) that is, amorphous, crystalline and molecular sieve. The usual methods of preparation of AlPO₄ are described elsewhere^[1,3], i.e. gelification of a mixture of an aluminum salt (chloride, nitrate etc.) with orthophosphoric acid (or NaH₂PO₄) in the presence of a base. Ammonia, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide are used as base mostly.     

Spectroscopic studies of polymorphs of AlPO4 and SiO2

IR spectra of basic polymorphic forms of AlPO₄, measured at different temperatures, are presented. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been used for high temperature measurements. According to the crystal structures of different AlPO₄ forms by means of factor group analysis, a number of modes and their activities have been determined. An attempt to assign bands to specific normal vibrational modes has been undertaken, comparing spectra of subsequent forms of AlPO₄ with each other. The obtained results have been discussed with regard to data referring to various isomorphous polymorphic forms of SiO₂, comparing, respectively, cristobalite with phosphocristobalite, berlinite with quartz, and phosphotridymite with tridymite (M. Handke and W. Mozgawa, Vib. Spectrosc. 5 (1993) 75; M. Handke, W. Mozgawa and M. Rokita, Michrochim. Acta [Suppl] 14 (1997) 511). Differences and similarities have been shown for the spectroscopic data and thus for structures of AlPO₄ and SiO₂.     

原位限域生长策略制备有序介孔碳负载的超小MoO3纳米颗粒

采用原位限域生长策略制备了一系列有序介孔碳负载的超小MoO₃纳米颗粒复合物(OMC-US-MoO₃). 其中, 有序介孔碳被用作基质来原位限域MoO₃纳米晶的生长. 依此方法制备的MoO₃纳米晶具有超小的晶粒尺寸(<5 nm), 并在介孔碳骨架内具有良好的分散度. 制得的OMC-US-MoO₃复合物具有可调的比表面积(428~796 m²/g)、 孔容(0.27~0.62 cm³/g)、 MoO₃质量分数(4%~27%)和孔径(4.6~5.7 nm). 当MoO₃纳米晶的质量分数为7%时, 所得样品OMC-US-MoO₃-7具有最大的孔径、 最小的孔壁厚度和最规整的介观结构. 该样品作为催化剂时, 表现出优异的环辛烯选择性氧化性能.     

Thermal stability of V-loaded AlPO4-5 materials

A progressive sintering of the porosity of both V-free and V-loaded AlPO₄-5 samples is observed upon calcination in air at increasing temperatures. This sintering leads to the coexistence of porous AlPO₄-5 and dense tridymite. As established by cristallinity and pore volume measurements. the presence of vanadium decreases by 100 to 300°C the threshold temperature at which this sintering begins, in spite of the low V amount in the samples (V/(V+Al+P) atomic ratio of 0.5–1%). This threshold temperature depends on the method used to introduce V (by hydrothermal synthesis, under static conditions or agitation, and/or by grinding vanadia with a V-free AlPO₄-5) and on the morphology of the AlPO₄-5 crystals as observed by scanning electron microscopy. These factors are related to the dispersion of the V species within the porosity. Since only very small amounts of intraporosity V^IV species (V^IV/V_T<1%) are detected by ESR, whatever the extent of the Sintering which generates tridymite, it is concluded that the thermal stability of V-loaded AlPO₄-5 is determined by the dispersion of V^v species within the porosity. This conclusion is in line with earlier propositions made to explain the thermal behaviour of V-loaded zeolites and V-contamined FCC catalysts.