高消光比定向耦合器开关设计

首先对对称结构定向耦合器的原理作介绍,分析造成该定向耦合器消光比降低的各种影响因素,提出一种带补偿电极的对称结构定向耦合器的设计方案.这一方案可以补偿制造工艺过程中的误差对耦合器的不良影响,提高耦合器的消光比.     

非线性光定向耦合器解的简化表达式

本文将非线性定向耦合器在任意输入情况的解进行了简化.在本文解的基础上,非线性光定向耦合器的工作点,即其开关、调制和放大应用(几乎所有应用)的输入条件能很容易地由解析式确定,并在理论上提出了非线性光定向耦合器一个新的应用:一束强光的相位可以由一束弱光的功率加以控制.     

矩形芯双沟道定向耦合器耦合长度的变分计算

本文的主要内容是分析并计算光频波段的矩形芯双沟道定向耦合器的耦合特性,利用变分法求解耦合长度。所得结果精确度高,物理图像清晰,计算简便且易于推广。     

一种定向耦合器型高聚物光开关设计

本文提出了一种基于定向耦合器型的高分子聚合物波导光开关设计,其突出特点是极低的波长相关性和耦合区几何尺寸敏感度,可采用橡胶成型工艺(Rubber Molding Process)实现高聚物波导在硅基底上的快速转印成型.利用BPM方法进行了器件的波导结构设计及性能模拟,插入损耗为0.4-0.6 dB,串扰<-32 dB,偏振相关损耗约为0.08 dB,电光系数r33＝14 pm/V时,器件的开关电压为42 V.     

行波电极偏振无关干涉型光开关

提出并实现了一种Ｘ切ＬｉＮｂＯ３上的行波电极偏振无关干涉型光开关。达到的指标为：串间地－１４ｄＢ，偏振无关的开关电压为１９Ｖ，带宽达到６ＧＨｚ以上。进一步减小定向耦合器部分中光波导间距的分级步距，串音可达到－２０ｄＢ以下 。     

具有△β倒相结构的热光定向耦合器

本文首次提出利用热光效应构成△β倒相结构的定向耦合器的设想,并在玻璃衬底上作出了具有两对薄膜热子的实验器件.在|kHz|防波调制电压下,用配有12位高速(A/D)变换器的微机.对定向耦合器的光输出进行分析,表明这种器件实现了全开、全关态,由于该类器件对入射光偏振状态无选择性,在短波工作时无光损伤以及容易制作,这类器件可望在对响应速率要求不高的场合获得应用.     

基于非线性定向耦合器的光二进制逻辑器件

本文提出了一种新的非双稳态光学逻辑器件,它由一个双端输入的非线性光波导耦合器产生相应的输入输出波形,再经过多级单端输入的非线性耦合器进行波形限幅和整形,以获得阶跃开关特性.通过理论计算说明适当选择输入条件,这种器件可以实现所有六种基本的二进制逻辑运算功能:与、或、与非、与或、异或和同或.     

光纤通信光开关的物理基础(续)

3.2　定向耦合器电光开关定向耦合器电光开关是在电光材料 (如L i Nb O3、化合物半导体、有机聚合物 )的衬底上制作 1对条形波导和 1对电极构成 ,如图 5所示 .当不加电压时 ,它是 1个具有 2条波导和 4个端口的定向耦合器 .一般称 1 -3和 2 -4为直通臂 ,1 -4和 2 -3为交叉臂 .图 5　定向耦合器型光开关假设两波导的耦合较弱 ,各自保持独立存在时的场分布和传输系数 ,耦合的影响只表现在场的振幅随耦合长度的变化 .设两波导中的复数振幅分别为 E1(z)和 E2 (z) ,相位常量是β1和 β2 ,其变化规律可用一阶微分方程组表示 [3]d E1(z)dz =-ik12…     

聚合物填充的狭缝波导定向耦合器的数值分析(英文)

利用亥姆霍兹方程和有限差分法,给出一种用于分析聚合物SU-8填充的双狭缝波导定向耦合特性的数值方法,推导出双耦合狭缝波导模式特性的特征方程,并做了离散化和稀疏化处理,得到耦合波导的模式场分布和有效折射率.通过求解最高阶偶对称和最高阶奇对称模式的有效折射率,得到TE和TM偏振态下定向耦合器的耦合长度.数值分析结果表明,当耦合间距小于800nm时,耦合长度小于100μm.利用椭偏仪测得狭缝波导各层材料的光学参数随工作波长的色散关系,研究分析了双狭缝波导耦合长度和模式损耗的色散特性.分析显示,随着工作波长的增大,两种偏振模式下的耦合长度均减小,且TM模式下的耦合长度大于TE模式下的耦合长度,当工作波长为1 550nm时,二者分别为28.2和26.2μm(两狭缝波导间的耦合间距为0.5μm时).同时,模式损耗也随波长的增大而减小,且TE模式损耗大于TM模式损耗,当工作波长为1 550nm时,TE及TM模式的振幅衰减系数分别为5.65和3.16dB/cm.     

聚合物定向耦合电光开关的高频响应特性分析

应用耦合模理论、电光调制理论、保角变换法和镜像法,给出了分析聚合物定向耦合电光歼关高频响应特性的功率传输矩阵新方法,导出了输出功率、上升时间、下降时间、开关时间及截止开关频率的表达式.为了获得较低的传输损耗、较好的阻抗匹配、较小的开关电压以及较高的截止频率,优化设计了器件的波导结构和电极结构.模拟结果表明,所设计器件的开关电压为1.457 V,耦合长度为4.374 mm,开关时间为32.8 ps,截止开关频率为114.7 GHz.与点匹配法的计算结果和实验结果的对比表明,该理论分析方法具有较高的精度.     

Design and simulation of a switch based on nonlinear directional coupler

In this paper, we have analyzed a nonlinear photonic crystal directional coupler by the finite difference time domain method. We have tried to increase the coupling efficiency and also reduce the coupling length in linear and nonlinear states in this device. In this coupler, refractive index of the rods of the central row is tuned by input signal power due to nonlinear Kerr effect; therefore, input signal beam can be controlled so as to be exchanged between two output ports. Physical length is chosen to be 24a so as to have the highest output power ratio and also the smallest amount of power required for nonlinear performance.     

Analysis of a gained nonlinear directional coupler pulse switch

We have investigated the switching performance of a gained (nonlinear directional coupler) NLDC switch in the presence of both 2nd and 4th order gain nonlinearities. In this system, we have achieved a nearly complete pulse switching at half beat length of the coupler which implies about 40% reduction in the switching length as compared to the switching length reported in Trillo et al. (1988). We have shown that at the half beat length the output energy of each branch is equal to that of the input energy and hence the gained NLDC switches have ability to be cascaded. Our initial investigations reveal that this gained NLDC switch has remarkable performance and potential to be used in ultra-fast optical communication systems.     

A very short vertical directional coupler with polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios

We propose a very short vertical directional coupler with polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios. The structure of the coupler has two deep-ridge waveguide structures in the upper and lower parts which can be implemented using a double-sided wafer process. The coupling length and extinction ratios of the vertical directional coupler with symmetric structures decrease as the thicknesses of the inner cladding layer and core layer decrease. The extinction ratio is improved using a slight asymmetry in the refractive indices of two core layers. As the thicknesses of the inner cladding layer and core layer decrease, the length of the vertical directional coupler for extinction ratios greater than 30 dB of both TE and TM modes decreases. A vertical directional coupler with a very short length less than 100 μm and polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios greater than 30 dB can be implemented using the structure proposed in this paper.     

波导带状线同轴线型定向耦合器特性

给出了波导带状线同轴线型定向耦合器技术参量的计算表达式,利用Matlab软件定量地研究了耦合器结构尺寸和输入波频率对耦合器的技术参量的影响。数值结果表明:方向角对耦合度及方向性的影响最大;耦合小孔深度对理想方向角影响最大;输入频率在低频端(小于2.0GHz)对理想方向角的影响很大,而在中高频端的影响较小。在波导带状线同轴线型定向耦合器的设计中,除了可以改变小孔大小及旋转方向来满足耦合度和方向性外,还可以通过改变带状线尺寸以及耦合器位置来调节耦合度和方向性。     

波导-带状线-同轴线型定向耦合器特性

给出了波导-带状线-同轴线型定向耦合器技术参量的计算表达式,利用Matlab软件定量地研究了耦合器结构尺寸和输入波频率对耦合器的技术参量的影响。数值结果表明：方向角对耦合度及方向性的影响最大;耦合小孔深度对理想方向角影响最大;输入频率在低频端(小于2.0 GHz)对理想方向角的影响很大,而在中高频端的影响较小。在波导-带状线-同轴线型定向耦合器的设计中,除了可以改变小孔大小及旋转方向来满足耦合度和方向性外,还可以通过改变带状线尺寸以及耦合器位置来调节耦合度和方向性。     

Finite element analysis of optically controlled non-linear directional coupler switches

Optically controlled two-way optical switches are useful for high-speed photonic switches and rapidly reconfigurable optical interconnection networks. A directional coupler forms such a switch because the field can be switched from one waveguide to the other by altering the optical length of the waveguide. Nonlinear materials are incorporated in the waveguide so that the optical path length may be altered by using an optical control beam to vary the intensity of light. A finite element method is described that enables the modelling of the non-linear dual waveguide structure for arbitrary waveguide shapes. Spurious modes are avoided in the transverse magnetic field method and non-linearity is handled by iteration and assuming an equivalent non-linear relative permittivity.     

Kerr nonlinear switch based on ultra-compact photonic crystal directional coupler

In this paper, an all optical switch based on nonlinear photonic crystal directional coupler has been simulated and analyzed by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The lunched pump signal increases the refractive indices of the central row of the coupler, due to nonlinear Kerr effect, hence the coupler works in the nonlinear conditions and lightwave guides to the other output port. We have tried to increase the coupling efficiency and reduce the required power in the nonlinear status by optimizing the bends structure and increasing the interaction between dielectric and lightwave signal. Therefore, the input signal beam can be controlled to be exchanged between two output ports to earn the highest output power ratio and the smallest amount of power required for nonlinear performance, the physical length of the coupler is determined to be 20a, where a is the structure lattice constant.     

匹配液的折射率对光纤定向耦合器分光比的影响

本文从理论和实验二个方面研究了光纤定向耦合器中使用不同折射率的匹配液对其分光比的影响。做出了分光比在1/1～1/30之间变化的光纤定向耦合器。