脉冲CO2激光诱导异丙醇复相解离反应

近年来,激光诱导复相催化反应引起了人们的重视,该方面的工作已有一些报道,如CWCO_2激光诱导甲酸分子在热铂丝上的分解反应,脉冲CO_2激光诱导BCl_3分子与吸附在钛上的H_2的反应以及NH_3在铂表面的复相氧化反应。Farneth等人曾报道了在红外激光垂直照射灼烧过的铜片时,气相异丙醇分子的复相分解反应。本文以活性氧化铜粉末为催化剂,激光光束平行于催化剂表面辐照(光束不接触催化剂表面),测定了激光频率,能量密度等多种因素对异丙醇复相反应的影响。     

用双激光脉冲操纵N2分子取向

利用求解含时薛定谔方程的方法, 研究了双原子N2分子在激光强度为1.5×10¹⁴ W·cm^-2, 脉冲宽度为50 fs激光脉冲作用下的取向行为. 研究结果表明, 保持总激光强度不变, 将一束激光脉冲分成具有同样脉宽, 强度比为0.3636的两束激光脉冲, 当第一束脉冲产生的分子取向即将达到最大时, 加上有一定延迟时间的第二束脉冲能够使N2分子达到最大的取向程度.     

镍氢催化炔酮的不对称反式环化反应构建环内杂环烯丙醇

烯丙醇类化合物是于天然产物和药物分子中的重要骨架[1-2].过渡金属催化的炔烃和酮类化合物的还原偶联反应是构建烯丙醇类化合物直接的方法之一[2].镍催化炔酮的还原偶联反应可以成功构建环状烯丙醇,并作为核心步骤多次应用于天然产物的合成之中[3-5].     

烯丙醇化合物的不对称环氧化

本文报道了三个脂肪族烯丙醇化合物(1-3)的不对称环氧化反应。由反式烯丙醇2得到的反式烯丙醇环氧化合物2a的对映体过量大于由顺式烯丙醇1得到的环氧化合物1a的对映体过量。叔羟基二取代烯丙醇3经不对称环氧化生成的3a,其对映体过量只有4%。     

激光促进了烷裂解表面反应过程中的能量传递

本文利用红外光谱、化学吸咐和激光表面反应技术,研究了丁烷在H-ZSM-5分子筛、SiO_2和γ-A1_2O_3表面上的激光表面反应规律;研究了不同激发模式、固体表面材料的红外特性及化学吸附能力、激光脉冲次数及脉冲间隔时间等因素对激光光能利用率的影响;证实了固体表面键激发模式的有效性,探讨了激光表面反应过程中能量吸收、积累、传递和损失的途径,提出了激光促进丁烷裂解的表面反应机理。     

强红外激光场作用下固体甲酸铀酰的光解反应研究

关于在强红外激光场作用下多原子分子在气相介质中的多光子吸收(MPA)和解离(MPD)巳经进行过大量的研究.但是,在固相介质中这方面的研究尚属少见.迄今为止,只有Ambartzumyan等报道的TEA-CO_2激光使冻结在隔离基体上(isolated-matrix)的SF_6分子发生选择性的光解反应,以及Karlov等用类似的方法对BCl_3分子的光解反应研究.最近我们研究了一系列固体甲酸铀酰化合物的红外光谱,发现其中UO_2~(2+)基团的反对称振动频率v_a均在912—952cm~(-1)范围,与TEA-CO_2激光支线频率相符.本文研究TEA-CO_2激光作用下,单结晶水甲酸铀酰和碱式甲酸铀酰化合物发生光解反应的共同特性,并根据实验结果,初步提出了该光解反应的可能机理,即在强红外激光场下,这些化合物可以吸收多个光子而达到具有较高能量的振动激发态,在具有还原性的甲酸根离子作用下发生光解反应.     

四氟乙烯齐聚体的反应 Ⅱ.四氟乙烯五聚体和烯丙醇的反应及反应产物的转化

全氟(3,4-二甲基-4-乙基己烯-[2])(1)虽早已合成,但有关它的反应至今报道不多。本文报道化合物1和烯丙醇在不同条件下的亲核取代反应和2-(1′-烯丙氧基四氟乙基)-全氟(3-甲基-3-乙基戊烯-[1])(2)的化学转化。1和烯丙醇的反应随溶剂和碱的变化而得到不同的产物。1和烯丙醇钠在FC-113中,于-40℃左右反应可得到2。若1与过量烯丙醇、三乙胺在35°～40℃反应40min,则得到2-烯丙氧基-全氟(3,4-二甲基-4-乙基已烯-[2])(3),但产率很低,绝大部分回收原料,并获得3-三氟甲基-3-五氟乙基-2,2-二氢五氟戊酸烯丙酯(5a)。若1与烯丙醇、碳酸钾在丙酮中于50～60℃反应,则主要产物为4和5a。以上化合物的结构均经~1HNMR,~(19)FNMR,IR和元素分析等证明。     

在CO存在下六氟化铀的激光光敏反应的研究

本文以TEA CO2 激发光源丶CO为F原子清扫剂丶SF6为光敏剂,研究了UF6的红外光敏反应. 测定了CO分压丶激光频率丶能量密度和脉冲辐照次数对UF6 解率的影响. 测得反应产物中有COF2 存在, 反应速率丶能量密度和脉冲辐照次数对UF6解离的影响. 测得反应产物中有COF2 存在, 反应速率与UF6 分压呈一级关系. 同时, 还计算刀振动受激的SF6和UF6分子的态密度, 讨论SF6与UF6分子间的V-V能量转移及该光敏反应的机理.     

立方Nd2O3上过氧物种光诱导生成的18O同位素示踪考察

采用原位显微Raman光谱和¹⁸O同位素示踪技术,以325 nm激光为激发光源,对立方Nd₂O₃上过氧物种的光诱导生成过程进行了详细表征,进一步证实过氧源于分子氧对晶格氧的氧化反应. 结果还表明,325 nm激光在室温下即可诱导过氧的生成,在实验条件下,生成的过氧物种可与Nd₂O₃的晶格氧发生快速的氧交换反应,位于Nd₂O₃体相的晶格氧也可迁移至样品表层进而参与过氧的生成. 325 nm激光照射有助于促进晶格氧的迁移以及晶格氧与分子氧之间的氧交换反应.     

ZnCl2温和有效地催化活泼亚甲基化合物与苄醇或烯丙醇的 直接烷基化反应

报道了ZnCl2催化的活泼亚甲基化合物和苄醇或烯丙醇的直接烷基化反应. 在无水ZnCl2 (5～10 mol%)的催化下, 以二氯甲烷为溶剂, 活泼亚甲基化合物和苄醇或烯丙醇进行直接烷基化反应以较高的收率得到活泼亚甲基化合物的烷基化产物, 反应后处理简单, 说明ZnCl2是一种温和有效的活泼亚甲基化合物和苄醇或烯丙醇进行直接烷基化的催化剂. 并对反应的机理进行了初步研究.     

Mechanistic Study on the Ozone‐Mercury Reaction and the Effect of Water and Water Dimer Molecules

The thermodynamics and mechanism of the reaction of elemental mercury with ozone has been studied computationally. The effect of water and water dimer molecules on the reaction has also been investigated. For dry reaction, we obtained two pathways and geometry optimization, atoms in molecules analysis and vibrational frequencies of all component of reaction have been used for confirming of reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic variable of reaction has been calculated. For the reaction in the presence of the water, our studies focus on ozone‐mercury complex reaction with water and water dimer and obtained the mechanism of reactions. Comparison of wet and dry reaction shows the energy profile of reaction decreases with water molecule correspond to experimental prediction. Calculated thermodynamic variable of all reaction shows the Gibbs free energy of reaction decreases with the number of water molecule.     

HCN + OH→CN + H2O反应理论研究

The reaction path of the reaction HCN + OH→ CN + H2O was traced with Fukui's theory of intrinsic reaction coordinate by using ab initio MO method (at UMP4/6-31G** level) with gradient technique. On this basis, the dynamics properties along the reaction path was investigated by reaction path Hamiltonian theory. The rate constants of this reaction at different temperatures were calculated by conventional and variational transition state theory with tunneling correction. The theoretically calculated rate constants are in good agreement with experimental results, this shows that the title reaction is an one step, direct reaction.     

Solvent reduced wittig olefination reactions with halo containing conjugated phosphoranes

The Wittig reaction of carbaldehydes with alkoxycarbonylhalomethylidenetriphenylphosphoranes can be performed with ease in solventless systems. The analogous reaction of carbaldehydes with acylhalomethylidenetriphenylphosphoranes requires a small amount of solvent, such as chloroform, in order for the reaction to proceed. The products of the reaction are versatile precursors for further transformations, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.     

Kinetics of Reaction of Bromo-epoxy Resin with Oleic Acid catalyzed by Dimethyl benzyl amine

The kinetics of reaction of bromo-epoxy resin with oleic acid in the presence of dimethylbenzylamine catalyst was studied. The reaction is a zero order reaction with respect to oleic acid, first order with respect to epoxy group and 0. 74 order with respect to dimethylbenzylamine. The reaction rate constants at various temperatures and activation energy were determined. The mechanism of this reaction was discussed. Keywords Tetrabromobisphenol-A, Bromo-epoxy resin, Oleic acid kinetics, Reaction mechanism     

苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇偶极环加成反应的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上研究了苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇加成反应的微观机制和热力学、动力学行为. 结果表明, 在苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇加成反应过程中, 8个可能反应通道的过渡态中均形成非平面五元环结构, 其中苯甲醛肟的Z、E构型特征得到了部分保留, 但主要部分的键长、键角均发生了变化, 电荷也进行了重新分布. 苯甲醛肟以羟基型参与反应的4个反应通道均为吸热反应和热力学非自发过程, 它们均具有较高的反应势垒、较慢的反应速率和较小的平衡常数; 而以离子型参与反应的四个反应通道均为放热反应和热力学自发过程, 它们的反应势垒较低, 反应速度较快, 平衡常数也较大, 故苯甲醛肟应主要以离子型参与反应. 炔丙醇的两种取向对应着加成反应的两种产物, 反应达到平衡后, 3-羟甲基二氢异噁唑为主要产物.     

Highly efficient synthesis of linear pyrrole oligomers by twofold Heck reactions

The twofold Heck reaction of the vinylpyrroles 3a and 3b with the iodobenzenes 4a-c led to the linear pyrrole oligomers 5, 6, and 7. The synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical oligomers, such as 10a and 10b, was also accomplished by a Heck reaction of 8 and 9 and by a Heck reaction of 3a and 11 followed by a Wittig reaction and a second Heck reaction with 8. The pentacyclic oligomers 14 and 19 were prepared by a twofold Heck reaction of 13 with 4 and by a twofold Heck reaction of 15 with 16 followed by a Wittig reaction and a twofold Heck reaction with 8.     

低热固相反应的反应机理研究(Ⅰ)——冷融熔机理和冷溶熔机理的模型

本文提出了低热固相反应的冷融熔机理和冷溶熔机理,其中冷融熔机理主要针对于不含结晶水的反应体系,冷溶熔机理主要针对于含结晶水的反应体系,并对低热固相反应动力学提出冷融熔/冷溶熔、扩散、反应、成核、生长的五步机理。两种机理都避开了分子在固相晶格中的扩散,从而对低热固相反应的扩散问题进行了有效的解释,并给出了低热固相反应的热力学和动力学判据。     

HCN OH─→CN H_2O反应理论研究

HCN是硝胶推进剂热分解的一种主要产物，了解它与OH的反应机理对理解这些推进剂的作用原理有极大的帮助问．Miller和Bowman认为HCN被OH氧化是碳氢化合物火焰中含氮燃料转化为NOx的重要途径问．实验上，W0oldridge、Hanson和Bowman等人研究了HCN＋OH～CN＋HOH的反应，得到了该反     

Molecular transformations of unsaturated thiacrown ethers

Unsaturated thiacrown ethers with 15, 18, and 21 members were oxidized to sulfoxides by the reaction with m-CPBA. The reaction with t-BuOCl at -20 degrees C also afforded sulfoxides, whereas the reaction at room temperature yielded cis-trans isomerized compounds. The cis-trans isomerized compound was also obtained by the photochemical reaction or by the reaction with NCS and NCP. Meanwhile, the reaction with NBS and NBP provided an acetal via 1,2-bridged bromonium intermediate.     

Kinetics of phenol oxidation with ozone in a thin layer on a solid surface

Ozone has been reacted with phenol in thin supported layers, and the dynamics of this reaction has been investigated. The stoichiometry of this reaction coincides with the stoichiometry of the same reaction in solution. Specific reaction rate (β) has been determined for various phenol conversions. The effective rate constant of the reaction, estimated by extrapolating β to zero reaction time, is significantly higher than the rate constant of the reaction in solution. The reaction between ozone and phenol is diffusion-controlled. The reaction products form a barrier layer, which protects the deeper phenol layers against ozone. The barrier layer is as thick as 8–15 phenol monolayers.