Influences of reinforcing particle and interface bonding strength on material properties of Mg/nano-particle composites

In the present study, an effective model is proposed to predict the effective elastic behavior of the three-phase composite containing spherical inclusions, each of which is surrounded by an interphase layer. The constitutive equations are derived for the stress and strain of each phase of the composite subjected to a far-field tension. Based on these constitutive laws, the effective bulk, shear and Young’s modulus are obtained. A statistical debonding criterion is adopted to characterize the varying probability of the evolution of interphase debonding. Influences of debonding damage, particle volume fraction, interphase properties and bonding strength on overall mechanical behavior of composites are also discussed. Numerical analyses are carried out on particle-reinforced composites and the predictions have a good agreement with the experimental results.     

板厚、温度和速度对单搭接胶接接头强度的影响

为了探讨单搭接胶接接头结构的破坏机理,采用Hopkinson拉杆实验技术,研究了板厚、温度和速度(试样端部的最大速度)对单搭接胶接接头强度的影响。实验结果表明,板越厚、温度越低、速度越大,接头的强度越大。运用有限元方法分析了胶层的应力分布,通过引入剥离应力对试样强度的影响因子,研究发现板越厚、温度越低、速度越大,剥离应力对接头强度的影响越小。     

Influences of initial porosity,stress triaxiality and Lode parameter on plastic deformation and ductile fracture

Local mechanical properties in aluminum cast components are inhomogeneous as a consequence of spatial distribution of microstructure,e.g.,porosity,inclusions,grain size and arm spacing of secondary dendrites.In this work,the effect of porosity is investigated.Cast components contain voids with different sizes,forms,orientations and distributions.This is approximated by a porosity distribution in the following.The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of initial porosity,stress triaxiality and Lode parameter on plastic deformation and ductile fracture.A micromechanical model with a spherical void located at the center of the matrix material,called the representative volume element(RVE),is developed.Fully periodic boundary conditions are applied to the RVE and the values of stress triaxiality and Lode parameter are kept constant during the entire course of loading.For this purpose,a multi-point constraint(MPC)user subroutine is developed to prescribe the loading.The results of the RVE model are used to establish the constitutive equations and to further investigate the influences of initial porosity,stress triaxiality and Lode parameter on elastic constant,plastic deformation and ductile fracture of an aluminum die casting alloy.     

微缺陷对圆管膨胀断裂的影响

通过理论和数值模拟分析了缺陷方向和位置对圆管膨胀破裂的影响,采用微缺陷研究方法进行了新的解释。采用含微缺陷的圆管模型探讨了微缺陷对圆管膨胀断裂影响,表明微缺陷将加速圆管径向扩展和剪切扩展相互贯通的过程。分析了实验获得的膨胀断裂应变与作为材料基本参数提供给计算程序的断裂（失效）应变的关系,说明在考虑圆管沿壁厚的破裂过程中,两者不是同一概念,只有将实验获得的断裂应变经过一定的推导后才能作为材料基本参数用于程序计算。     

The kinetic nature of material deformation and fracture

Some physical mechanisms of deformation and fracture of solids are considered on the basis of state-transition kinetics. The effect of stress state on the energy barriers of state transition is studied for the process of deformation and fracture. Evolution equations are derived with and without consideration of the damage effect on the evolution of deformation and fracture. Some relations between various theories of deformation and fracture are found.     

Effect of source location on particle dispersion in displacement ventilation rooms

A proposed computer model for predicting aerosol particle dispersion in indoor spaces was validated with experimental data found in the literature, and is then used to study the effect of the area and point source locations on particle dispersion in displacement ventilation （DV） rooms. The results show that aerosol source location has a strong impact on the spatial distribution and removal rate of indoor particles. Particle removal performance depends strongly on ventilation efficiency and particle deposition rate on indoor surfaces. Important consideration for both relative ventilation efficiency and deposition rate consists of the position of the aerosol source relative to the main airflow pattern and the occupied zone.     

Effect of source location on particle dispersion in displacement ventilation rooms

A proposed computer model for predicting aerosol particle dispersion in indoor spaces was validated with experimental data found in the literature,and is then used to study the effect of the area and point source locations on particle dispersion in displacement ventilation (DV) rooms.The results show that aerosol source location has a strong impact on the spatial distribution and removal rate of indoor particles.Particle removal performance depends strongly on ventilation efficiency and particle deposition rate on indoor surfaces.Important consideration for both relative ventilation efficiency and deposition rate consists of the position of the aerosol source relative to the main airflow pattern and the occupied zone.     

Effect of strain rate on tensile strength of defective silicon nanorods

The effect of strain rate on the tensile strength of defective monocrystalline silicon(Si) nanorods is studied with the molecular dynamics method. The strain rate applied to the nanorods is varied from 107 to 1014s-1, and the atomic interactions among the Si atoms are described by the Stillinger-Weber(SW) potential functions. The tensile strength of the ideal Si nanorod is shown to be strongly strain rate dependent and increasing with the strain rate. The failure pattern also shows strain rate dependence, indicating that increased strain rates gradually suppress unsuitable relaxation and dissipation mechanisms because of the accompanying larger external loadings. Furthermore, the effects of intrinsic material parameters(i.e., the cutoff radius of SW potential function) and defects(i.e., inevitable surface defects and internal preinstalled defects) are investigated. It is revealed that the effect of strain rate on the tensile strength of Si nanorod is influenced by both the intrinsic physical properties of the material and the distribution of the initial defects, with specific surface defects appearing to be more important to nanostructure design.     

Effect of material fracture kinetics on the spalling pulse amplitude

The effect of fracture kinetics on the character of velocity in the spalling pulse is studied theoretically. It is shown that the allowance for the growth of the medium porosity at a positive pressure, which is a consequence of inertial expansion of bubbles during cavitation, makes it possible to explain the experimentally observed increase in the spalling pulse amplitude to values exceeding the maximum velocity of the free surface.     

用移动元胞自动机法模拟杆式穿甲弹长细比对侵彻过程的影响

用移动元胞自动机法(movablecellularautomata,MCA)计算了质量和速度相同、长细比不同的杆 式穿甲弹对侵彻过程影响的实例,计算结果与实验符合。移动元胞自动机法能较好模拟爆炸和高速穿甲侵彻 中材料瞬间的变形﹑破碎和飞散过程。     

A constitutive-microdamage model to simulate hypervelocity projectile-target impact,material damage and fracture

A set of constitutive-microdamage equations are presented that can model shock compression and the microdamage and fracture that can evolve following hypervelocity impact. The equations are appropriate for polycrystalline metals. For impact at a projectile velocity of 6.0 km/s, numerical simulations are preformed that describe the impact of spherical soda-lime glass projectiles with aluminum 1100 rectangular target plates. Three ratios of the projectile diameter to the target thickness are chosen for the simulations, providing a wide range of damage features. The simulated impact damage is compared with experimental damage of corresponding test specimens, illustrating the capability of the model.     

Application of burnishing process on friction stir welding and investigation of the effect of burnishing process on the surface roughness,hardness and strength

Experimental Techniques -     

结构系统静强度与断裂的综合可靠性分析

基于疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展的随机性,建立了结构系统综合考虑静强度和断裂的可靠性分析方法,该方法给出了元件静强度失效时所对应的当量寿命,并建立了元件综合失效判别准则,分析了元件静强度失效和断裂失效之间的相关性.算例表明,随使用年限的增加,元件静强度失效和断裂失效之间的相关性也在增加;在不同的使用年限内,结构系统主要失效路径是不同的,并且在结构系统主要失效路径中既有元件静强度失效又有元件断裂失效;若只考虑静强度或断裂的结构可靠性分析,分析结果偏于危险.     

A study on deformation characteristic of ultra high strength steel and its fracture

A new shape on the load and elongation curve of ultra high strength structural steel in tension is measured by means of the advanced physical methods. A method of calculating true stresstrue strain is found in accordance with the whole load-elongation curve. The calculation results show that during the period of deformation, whetner prior to or after the maximum load, all are staged power hardening. The method of calculating hardening in dex is finally studied for discussion.The Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Anshan Iron and Steel Comapny     

Study of pure and mixed-mode fracture of a brittle material

In order to study the behavior of a crack in a linear-elastic material in plane mixed mode (modes I+II), a specimen's shape and loading have been specially adapted. The specimens are first precracked in mode I and then subjected to monotonic loading until instability is reached by an original device which makes it possible to control the nature of the mixed mode applied and which is adjustable from pure mode I to pure mode II. After the specimens are fractured, the lengths of the initial cracks and the kinking angles were measured in the plane-strain area. Then the stress-intensity factorsK _I andK _II at the moment when crack instability appeared were calculated. This made it possible to apply two criteria: maximum principal stress and maximum stressintensity factorK ₁ ^* at the onset of kinking. From comparing the calculated values with the experimental values we may note that there is good agreement with respect to the crackkinking directions. However, for the limit load values considerable divergences have been recorded which are analyzed.     

Deformation and fracture of a material in one-dimensional elastoplastic problems

The ideal plasticity model based on the Tresca-Saint-Venant criterion is used to solve one-dimensional problems of deformation and fracture of solids with circular boundaries. A thickwalled cylinder and a hollow sphere under pressure, cylindrical and hollow cavities in an unbounded body, and uniform extension at infinity of a plate with a free circular hole are considered. In simple elastoplastic problems, the proposed approach allows one to determine the value of the maximum external load at the fracture initiation and the motion of the fracture front for a given displacement of points of the contour on which this load acts.     

A computational study of the influence of surface roughness on material strength

In machine component stress analysis, it usually assumed that the geometry specified in CAD provides a fair representation of the geometry of the real component. While in particular circumstances, tolerance information, such as minimum thickness of a highly stressed region, might be taken into consideration, there is no standard practice for the representation of surface quality. It is known that surface roughness significantly influences fatigue life, but for this to be useful in the context of life prediction, there is a need to examine the nature of surface roughness and determine how best to characterise it. Non-smooth geometry can be represented in mathematics by fractals or other methods, but for a representation to have a practical value for a manufactured component, it is necessary to accept that there is a lower limit to surface profile measurement resolution. Resolution and mesh refinement also play a part in any computational analysis undertaken to assess surface profile effects: in the analyses presented, a nominal axi-symmetric geometry has been taken, with a finite non-smooth region on the boundary. Various surface roughness representations are modelled, and the significance of the characterized surface roughness type is investigated. It is shown that the applied load gives rise to a nominally uni-axial stress state of 90% of the yield, although surface roughness features have the effect of modifying the load path, and give rise to localized regions of plasticity near to the surface. The material of the test model is assumed to be elasto-plastic, and the development and evolution of plastic zones formed within the geometry are shown for multiple load cycles.     

过渡层对锆/钢爆炸复合板剪切强度的影响

为了考察钛作为过渡层提高锆/钢复合板结合强度的有效性,同时给出合理的爆炸焊接碰撞参数,对双层锆/钢和三层锆/钛/钢进行了小倾角法爆炸焊接实验研究。借助金相显微技术测量了复合板结合界面的波形参数,采用光滑粒子动力学法模拟得到了不同位置的碰撞速度和碰撞角,并按照国家标准(GB/T 6396-2008)测量了复合板结合界面的爆炸态及退火态的剪切强度。结果表明:钛作为过渡层能够显著提高锆/钢界面的剪切强度;退火消除加工应力后,锆/钢及钛/钢结合面的剪切强度会有所降低;当锆/钛界面的碰撞速度为734~805 m/s,碰撞角为19.8°~20.8°,钛/钢界面的碰撞速度为803~904m/s,碰撞角为19.5°~20.5°时,锆/钛/钢三层复合板的锆/钛和钛/钢界面的剪切强度都能高于140 MPa。