Lipids and essential oil ofOriganum onites

Neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, pigments, and essential oil of the above-ground part ofOriganum onites L. (Lamiaceae) are isolated and characterized for the first time. The fatty-acid composition of the lipids and the components of the hydrocarbons, sterols, and essential oil are determined by GC/MS. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominate in the acids of the lipids. The main components of the hydrocarbons are nonacosane; of the sterols, \-sitosterol; of the pigments, chlorophylls a and b. A total of 54 components are identified in the essential oil.Presented at the IIIrd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 19–22 December, 1998.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 106–109, March–April, 2000.     

Lipids ofZiziphora pedicellata

The amounts and compositions of the lipids, pigments, and fatty acids in the inflorescences, leaves, and stems and the total air-dry biomass ofZiziphora pedicellata Pazij. et Vved. have been established. The essential oil content of the biomass has been determined. A similarity of the qualitative composition of the lipids and pigments, an increase in the amount of unsaponifiable substances, and a substantial fall in the level of chlorophylls on the natural drying of the biomass have been found.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 806–809, November–December, 1997.     

Lipids of microalgae. I. Lipids and a protein hydrolysate fromMonochrysis lutheri

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 507–511, July–August, 1993.     

The lipids ofHibiscus seeds

The composition and amounts of various classes of lipids of the seeds of Hibiscus sp. have been investigated. Seven classes of neutral lipids, five of phospholipids, and five of glycolipids have been identified and their fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions have been established. The presence has been shown of 16 main types of triacylglycerols and 25 types of epoxyacyldiacylglycerols. An epoxy-18.0 and an epoxy-18:1 acid in a combined amount of 1.4% have been detected among the acids of the free lipids, together with 8.1% of cyclopropenoid acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–44, January–February, 1995. Original article submitted October 24, 1994.     

Features of synthesis of fatty acids in active lipid-forming yeasts

Features of the accumulation of fatty acids and the changes in their composition in seven strains of yeasts that are promising producing agents of lipids have been studied. It has been shown that in the process of accumulation of lipids in the biomass changes take place that lead to a fall in the degree of unsaturation of the pool of fatty acids. This nature of the change in the composition of the fatty acids is, as has been shown by measuring their absolute amounts in the biomass, connected with the intensive synthesis of oleic and palmitic acids as components of the reserve lipids. The results obtained form the basis for an evaluation of the promising nature of individual strains as active producers of fatty acids.Moscow Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 788–791, November–December, 1988.     

Fruit lipids of four rose varieties

A study has been made of the fruit lipids of four vitamin-bearing varieties of rose: Vorontsovskii-1, Vorontsovskii-3, Besshipnyi, and Vitaminnyi of VNIIVI [All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Vitamin Industry], that have been introduced into Tashkent Botanical Garden. It has been found that the oil is concentrated mainly in the seeds — about 9% — and the carotenoids in the pericarp — 2613–3933 mg% of the weight of the lipids. Essential fatty acids make up 61.5–70.6% of the weight of the fruit fatty acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 674–675, September–October, 1995. Original article submitted April 22, 1995.     

Seed oil ofCousinia severzovii

The composition of the seed oil ofCousinia severzovii has been studied; about 20 types and classes of compounds were isolated from the oil, including 6% of triterpenes with a molecular weight of 426 in the free state, as the acetylated derivatives, and as derivatives acylated with higher fatty acids of the 34:0–13:0 group in a ratio of 1:1:2, respectively; and 3.8% of oxidized acylglycerols (seven types). The classes of lipids were represented by no individual compound but only by a series of homologs or isomers.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–44, January–February, 1981.     

Lipids of elaeagnus fruit

The composition of the classes of lipids of the fruit of three morphological forms of the elaeagnusElaeagnus angustifolia L. have been studied. Their compositions were identical. The amounts of the main lipid classes of extracts of the seeds and pericarps, the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids, and the compositions of the carbohydrates and sterols have been determined. The fatty oil of the seeds contained linoleic acid, while the main fatty acids of the pericarp extracts were the 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids. The 16:1 acid that is characteristic for sea buckthorn oil was detected in the elaegnus fruit in insignificant amounts. The class of sterols, both in the free and in the esterified states, was represented by -sitosterol. The main hydrocarbon of the pericarps and seeds was nonacosane.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 17–21, January–February, 1990.     

Lipids of some aquatic plants of the Central Volga region

The lipid characteristics of five species of aquatic plants of the Central Volga region have been investigated. The total amount of lipids and the ratio of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been found and the amounts of individual phospholipids and also the fatty-acid composition and the distribution of the fatty acids over the lipid classes have been determined.Institute of the Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 206–209, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted August 15, 1994.     

Lipids ofSilene brahuica

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex of the epigeal part ofSilene brahuica Boiss. (family Caryophyllaaceae) have been studied. The fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids has been determined. Some differences have been found in the compositions of the fatty acids of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 512–514, July–August, 1993.     

Epoxy and hydroxy acids of the seed oil ofGaleopsis bifida

The lipids of the seeds of the hemp nettle, which is toxic for ruminants have been studied. The composition of the fatty acids of five classes of lipids and the position-species composition of the triacylglycerols have been determined. The presence of epoxyacyl- and hydroxyacylglycerols in the oil and the structures of the acids of these lipids have been established. Squalene has been isolated from the oil.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Group composition of the neutral lipids in the oil of the fruit ofHippophaë rhamnoides

The composition of the neutral lipids of the fruit flesh and seeds of two forms of sea buckthorn have been determined. The presence of more than 20 groups of lipids has been shown. The two oils differed in the amounts and compositions of their carotenoids and acyl glycerols and the amounts of alcohols, free fatty acids, and esters.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 300–305, May–June, 1984.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae III. The lipid composition ofVerticillium dahliae

Summary The compositions of the neutral lipids of the mycelium and of the culture liquid from the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been investigated for the first time. The fatty-acid compositions of the main lipid fractions and the glyceride composition of the triglyceride fraction have been determined. The main acids of all the fractions are the 16:0 and 18:1 acids and in the triglyceride fraction, additionally, the 18:2 acid. Diisobutyl phthalate has been found in the combined neutral lipids of the fungal mycelium.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University, Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 431–435, July–August, 1976.     

Lipids of the fruit of Diospyros kaki

The composition and amounts of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the rind and flesh of persimmon fruit of the varieties Hachiya and Hyakume have been established by a combination of chromatographic and chemical methods. The identity of the qualitative composition of the lipids of the flesh and rind of the fruit and quantitative differences in the amounts of individual groups have been found. A total of 24 groups of compounds were identified, the main ones of which were monogalactosyldiglycerides, carotenoids, diacylglycerols, ceramide oligosides, digalactosyldiglycerides, phosphatidylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines, and free and glycosylated sterols. In the fatty acid composition of the lipids unsaturated fatty acids — linolenic, oleic, linoleic, and palmitoleic — predominated (>70%).M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 501–505, July–August, 1987.     

Lipids from Ékdisten production wastes

The lipids and the fatty-acid composition of the wastes from the production of the drug Ékdisten from the roots and rhizomes of Rhaponticum cartharnoides have been studied. The lipids have been found to contain, predominantly, free fatty acids, including the 18:2 acid, and free and bound sterols and triterpenols. The desirability of using the wastes as a bioadditive in phytocosmetic preparations has been substantiated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 210–214, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted October 10, 1994.     

Influence of infection by Verticillium dahliae on the cuticular lipids of the leaves of cotton plants of variety 175

The composition of the cuticular lipids of young leaves of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F has been determined and it has been established that on artificial infection of the plant with cotton wilt(Verticilliuim dahliae) the component composition of these lipids did not change but the level of the 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids in esters of fatty acids with alkanol, sterols, and triterpenols fell.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek. Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 765–768, November–December, 1991.     

Composition of the phospholipids of seeds of Cercis siliquastrum

The phospholipids of the polar lipids of the seeds of the Judas tree and the fatty-acid composition of the N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines, the phosphatidylcholines, and the phosphatidylethanolamines, and also the molecular-species types of the fatty acids of the phosphatidylcholines and the phosphatidylethanolamines have been studied. It has been established that the seeds of the Judas tree contain ten phospholipids. The main fatty acids are palmitic and oleic.I. V. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Nos. 3,4, pp. 320–323, May–August, 1992.     

Influence of ultradisperse iron and copper powders on the oil content of cotton seeds and on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids

The oil contents and the fatty acid compositions of the lipids of cotton seeds of varieties AN-402 and AN-9 grown under the influence of ultradisperse powders (UDPs) of iron and copper have been studied. Changes in the absolute weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition of the seeds have been shown. The action of an iron UDP led to an appreciable fall in the amount of palmitic acid in the AN-402 variety and a rise in the oleic acid content.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 165–167, March–April, 1998.     

Some components of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris

The lipid composition of the free fatty acids of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris from the Ukrainian flora has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid composition was represented by 20 compounds, among which malvic and sterculic acids were detected. The presence of terpineols and retinol has been shown.Zaporozh'e Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedenii, No. 3, pp. 322–325, May–June, 1994.