基于双核酸适配体的夹心试纸条法在多菌灵检测中的应用研究

建立了一种胶体金标记核酸适配体的试纸条用于多菌灵的快速检测。将核酸适配体CZ13与AuNPs结合作为信号探针，生物素标记的核酸适配体CZ12固定在链霉亲和素包被膜上作为捕获探针。优化了影响灵敏度的实验条件，如信号探针制备中使用的NaCl和适配体的浓度，检测线上链霉亲和素与生物素标记的核酸适配体的摩尔比等。在最佳实验条件下，多菌灵检测范围为0.5～40μg/mL,检测限为0.45μg/mL。该方法可用于实际样品检测，检测时间为15 min,与果蔬中常见农残不存在交叉反应，方法准确、可靠、使用简便，适合样品的现场快速检测。     

氟苯尼考胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的建立

建立了定量检测氟苯尼考的胶体金免疫层析方法.对胶体金标记抗体时溶液pH和抗体浓度、金标抗体用量、检测线上抗原浓度以及检测时间进行了优化.采用胶体金试纸条读取仪测定试纸条检测线和质控线的信号强度,以标准品的浓度为横坐标,阳性样本和阴性样本的检测线/质控线的信号比值(Bx/B0)为纵坐标建立标准曲线.结果表明,胶体金免疫层析试纸定量检测氟苯尼考的线性范围为0.1~1.5 ng/mL,检出限为0.08 ng/mL,检测时间为15 min.本方法具有简便、快速和可定量等特点,适于大批量样品的现场筛查.     

基于量子点荧光微球的噻虫嗪快速定量免疫层析试纸条的研制

构建了一种基于量子点荧光微球的噻虫嗪快速测定免疫层析试纸条。该试纸条以偶联噻虫嗪单克隆抗体的量子点微球为荧光探针,噻虫嗪完全抗原(TMX-BSA)为T线,山羊抗小鼠IgG为C线。结果表明,抗体在探针合成中的最佳添加量为16μg、缓冲液pH 6.0、 N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N’-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)浓度为0.1 mg/mL。试纸条对噻虫嗪检测在1～200 ng/mL范围内呈线性关系,标准曲线方程为y=-0.42x+0.99 (R²=0.989),检出限为1.64 ng/mL。将构建的试纸条应用于粮食样品中噻虫嗪的检测,加标回收率为79.5%～110.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.58%～12%,表明其可以满足粮食样品中残留的噻虫嗪检测。     

基于乙酰胆碱酯酶构建pH响应生物传感器用于Hg(Ⅱ)检测

以磁纳米颗粒和金纳米颗粒为载体,以核酸适配体和Hg~(2+)为生物识别单元,构建一种乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)联Hg~(2+)生物传感平台。分别对磁纳米颗粒进行适配体功能化,金纳米颗粒进行AChE修饰和适配体的功能化,通过目标物Hg~(2+)驱动富含碱基T的适配体形成T-Hg~(2+)-T结构,形成金-磁组装体,通过磁分离调控检测体系中AChE的浓度,AChE催化底物乙酰胆碱(ACh)水解引起反应体系的pH变化,从而实现目标物Hg~(2+)的定量检测。结果表明,方法检测范围为0.1～10 ng/mL,检出限为0.05 ng/mL。将该方法应用于自来水样品中Hg~(2+)的检测,当加标水平为0.1,1,10 ng/mL时,回收率为102.2%～113.2%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～4.1%。     

基于生物素化纳米抗体检测拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸的研究

该研究在前期已制备获得的拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）纳米抗体（Nb）基础上,将其进行生物素化,并利用多聚辣根过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素（polyHRP－SA）进行信号扩增,建立了基于生物素－亲和素系统高灵敏间接竞争ELISA检测3-PBA残留的分析方法。对抗原抗体工作浓度、缓冲液条件（pH值、离子浓度、吐温－20浓度）及polyHRP－SA浓度进行优化后,所建方法对3-PBA的半抑制浓度（IC50）为1.7 ng/mL,线性范围为0.37～7.4 ng/mL,检出限（LOD）为0.15 ng/mL。将该方法用于人尿样品（高温酸水解后固相萃取净化）和环境水样品（简单过滤）中3-PBA的检测,加标回收率分别为87.0%～127%和78.0%～113%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于10%。该方法具有灵敏度高、操作简便,适用于生物与环境样本中3-PBA的快速筛查。     

基于适配体识别-纳米金比色法快速检测苏丹红

以苏丹红Ⅲ核酸适配体为识别元件,以无标记的纳米金为颜色指示剂,NaCl溶液作为纳米金聚集诱导剂,构建了一种简单、快速、灵敏的苏丹红可视化比色检测方法。对适配体浓度、 NaCl浓度、反应时间等条件进行优化,并对该方法的灵敏度、准确性、特异性进行评估,将其应用于食品中苏丹红Ⅲ的快速检测,并与国标法对比验证。结果显示,在适配体浓度100 nmol/L、 NaCl浓度40 mmol/L、反应时间10 min等最优条件下,纳米金吸光度比值（A620/A520）与苏丹红浓度在1.8～57.6 ng/mL范围内呈良好线性关系（R2=0.981）,方法检出限范围0.76～1.12 ng/mL,裸眼可视化检出限为7.2 ng/mL,检测时间为12 min。特异性分析显示,本方法对苏丹红Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅳ有交叉反应,表明可以用于检测苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ。食品中苏丹红Ⅲ加标回收率为82.1%～94.7%,相对标准偏差3.9%～7.7%,与国标方法相比无显著差异（P>0.05）。该方法适用于批量样品中苏丹红的快速检测。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测水产品中河豚毒素的研究

该文将特异性识别河豚毒素的单克隆抗体加以胶体金标记用作示踪物,建立了豚毒素的胶体金免疫层析技术快速检测方法。优化了胶体金体系的pH值、抗原抗体浓度、离子浓度、表面活性剂种类以及样品前处理方法。结果显示：在最优条件下,建立的胶体金免疫层析法对河豚毒素的定量检出限为0.5 ng/mL,线性范围为0.8～10.6 ng/mL,定性检出限（裸眼判别）为12.0 ng/mL。河豚、织纹螺等样品的加标回收率为70.5%～110%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～7.1%,检测结果与LC-MS/MS法一致。所建立的胶体金免疫层析技术在现场快速检测方面具有良好的可行性和实用性,可用于大量样品的快速筛查和河豚毒素中毒后的快速诊断。     

时间分辨荧光侧流分析法检测水中17β-雌二醇

以偶联17β-雌二醇包被原（E2－BSA）的长余辉粒子（PLPs）为荧光供体,胶体金标记抗体为荧光受体,基于免疫识别和荧光共振能量转移原理,建立了E2的竞争型时间分辨荧光侧流分析方法。创新性地以余辉优良、微米级大尺寸的PLPs为荧光信号源,并利用其在硝酸纤维素膜上不迁移的特性将E2竞争物固定于检测区,巧妙解决了常规试纸对信号材料尺寸的纳米级别限制和小尺寸PLPs余辉短暂的矛盾;采用低功率紫外灯为激发光源,以智能手机实现时间分辨荧光（TRF）模式荧光采集,有效去除试纸荧光背景干扰进而提高信噪比。该时间分辨荧光侧流分析（TRF－LFA）法对E2的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,比胶体金侧流分析（CG－LFA）降低了2个数量级,且特异性良好,30 min可完成检测。将该方法应用于水中E2的检测,与HPLC－FLD法的结果一致。     

孔雀石绿的磁性免疫层析快速检测方法研究

开发了一种适用于现场快速检测孔雀石绿(MG)的免疫层析试纸条,在超顺磁性纳米微球上偶联MG单克隆抗体作为检测探针,分别将孔雀石绿完全抗原(MG-B SA)和羊抗鼠IgG喷涂于NC膜的T线和C线.结果 发现,T线最佳喷涂量为0.25 mg/mL,抗体最佳偶联量为20 μg,构建的试纸条可在25 min内实现养殖用水及鱼肉...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速同步测定人血中35种毒（药）物及主要代谢产物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）快速测定人血中常见35种毒（药）物及主要代谢产物的方法。取1 mL血液样品,加入5颗研磨珠、40 mg（NH₄）₂SO₄、1.5 mL乙腈进行提取,涡旋振荡60 s,静置60 s,冷冻离心后取上清液体过0.22μm有机滤膜后进行分析。结果表明,目标化合物在10～1000 ng/mL质量浓度范围呈良好的线性关系（R²为0.9921～0.9998）,检出限（S/N≥3）为0.05～2.00 ng/mL,目标毒（药）物定量限（S/N≥10）为20 ng/mL占比为17%,其余目标毒（药）物定量限均为10 ng/mL。在20,50和100 ng/mL加标浓度水平下,目标化合物回收率为71.5%～119.8%,日内相对标准偏差（Intra-RSD）为1.1%～13.8%。在50 ng/mL加标水平下,日间相对标准偏差（Inter-RSD）为2.6%～13.4%。该方法适用于血液中毒（药）物及代谢产物的快速分析测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.