碳复合载体负载铑催化剂的制备及其对气相甲醇羰基合成乙酸的催化反应性能

碳复合载体负载铑催化剂的制备及其对气相甲醇羰基合成乙酸的催化反应性能李小宝王恩来田世忠蒋大智＊（中国科学院化学研究所，北京１０００８０）关键词碳复合载体，铑催化剂，甲醇，羰基合成，乙酸，乙酸甲酯，气相催化多孔炭负载催化剂在许多方面显示出独特的反应行为...     

碱熔-碲共沉淀分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定废弃环保催化剂中铂钯铑

准确测定废弃环保催化剂中铂、钯、铑含量,是实现废弃环保催化剂贵金属高效回收和处置的重要保障技术条件之一,对回收铂族金属、湿法冶金生产物料平衡考察、保证买卖双方公平、公正交易等都具有重要的意义。采用碱熔分解废弃环保催化剂样品,碲共沉淀富集铂、钯、铑并与共存离子分离,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定铂、钯、铑含量。结果表明,在1.2~2.7 mol/L盐酸体系中,加入碲沉淀剂,以二氯化锡为还原剂,能完全沉淀富集铂、钯、铑。铂、钯、铑校准曲线的线性范围为0.50～50.00 μg/mL,线性相关系数分别为0.99998、0.99996、0.99997;铂、钯、铑的检出限分别为2.6 μg/g、0.9 μg/g、1.2 μg/g;方法中铂、钯、铑的测定范围为25～25000 μg/g。按照实验方法测定废弃环保催化剂中铂、钯、铑,结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.2%～3.6%;加标回收率为96%～109%     

5-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯与铑显色反应的研究

本文报道以5-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-NO_2-PADAT)作分光光度法测定铑的新显色剂.结果表明,在PH 4.1及～6.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,5-NO_2-PA-DAT与铑形成 2:1的紫红色络合物.该络合物在 1.8 mol/L高氯酸溶液中则转变为另一型体的蓝色络合物,最大吸收波长红移至583nm,表观摩尔吸光系数增至1.7×10_5L·mol_(-1)·cm(-1).以EDTA为掩蔽剂,大量的常见金属离子对测定无干扰.铑浓度在0～0.64μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律.所建立的方法用于催化剂中微量铑的测定,结果满意.     

高分子铑配合物（PYBRh）催化甲醇羰基化为乙酸和乙酸酐的动力学研究

采用２－乙烯吡啶－丁烯酮共聚物为配体，与四羰基二氯二铑形成顺二羰基铑（Ｉ）配合物（ＰＹＢＲｈ），用于催化甲醇羰基化制备乙酸和乙酸酐的反应动力学研究。结果表明，其对反应物甲醇和一氧化碳均为零级反应，在一定范围内，对高分子铑催化剂及助催化剂碘甲烷均为一级反应，极性溶剂的加入可以提高甲醇羰基化速度。通过实验结果计算了其反应活化能，活化熵和热焓研究证明其反应机理与小分子铑催化剂相似。     

甲醇羰基化为乙酸的新型高聚物铑催化剂的合成, 结构与性能

以交联或非交联的丁烯酮2-乙烯吡啶共聚物为配体的新型铑配合物催化剂能在较温和的条件下直接催化甲醇羰基化为乙酸, 实验结果表明, 这类新型高聚物铑配合物具有螯合型顺-二羰基铑(I)的结构特征, 并且有良好的热稳定性及高的催化活性和选择性, 其周转率可达10^4摩尔甲醇转化(摩尔铑)^-^1(时)^-^1, 产物除乙酸甲酯和乙酸外, 无其它副产物, 选择性近100%。     

吡啶甲酸锂-铑(Ⅰ)配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应

本文采用吡啶甲酸或吡啶二甲酸锂盐为配体,与铑形成顺二羰基配合物,用于催化甲醇羰基化制乙酸。研究表明,与通常的铑配合物相比,该类双金属配合物无论在催化活性或乙酸生成的选择性方面均有明显的提高。     

4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯与铑(Ⅲ)显色反应的研究及其应用

研究了新合成试剂4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-NO2-PADAB)与铑(Ⅲ)的显色反应.结果表明,在pH 3.3～4.7的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,5-NO2-PADAB与铑形成2∶1的紫红色络合物,其最大吸收波长位于524 nm.该络合物在1.2 mol/L HClO4介质中可质子化转变为另一种型体的紫蓝络合物,最大吸收波长红移至580 nm,其表观摩尔吸光系数提高至1.52×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,以EDTA为掩蔽剂,大量常见金属离子不干扰测定.铑含量在0～0.8 μg/mL内符合比尔定律.所拟方法可应用于催化剂中微量铑的测定.     

［顺－二羰基（N－2－（2－吡啶）乙基芳胺）铑］的四苯硼酸盐的合成及其催化性能

［顺－二羰基（Ｎ－２－（２－吡啶）乙基对取代苯胺）铑］的四苯硼酸盐作为催化剂，用于催化甲醇羰基化反应，在温和的条件下，可顺利催化甲醇羰基化反应得到乙酸和乙酸甲酯而无其它副产物．若以甲醇和乙酸的混合液作反应物，则得到乙酸酐和乙酸甲酯．即使在大量水存在下，也仅有微量的水煤气转换反应发生．实验证明对位取代基团的电子效应对铑配合物的催化活性影响甚微．在不同位置以不同链长相联的二吡啶配体对铑阳离子配合物性能的影响是明显的．其中α，α＇－联吡啶铑阳离子结构不利于催化反应的进行．由此证明，作为催化剂活性物种除必须的Ｒｈ－ＣＯ键存在外，配体的空间结构是影响配合物活性的决定因素．羰基化发生在碘甲烷的氧化加成与乙酰碘的还原消除之间，同时还伴有一个在配位的乙酰基与铑的顺－空配位之间甲基的１，２移动变化．     

双金属配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应

铑的配合物用于催化甲醇羰基化反应以制备乙酸及乙酸酐，已被成功地应用于工业生产。然而，由于铑的价格昂贵，非铑型催化剂的研究引起人们极大的兴趣。对于甲醇羰基化反应而言，多种过渡金属的相应配合物都表现出一定的活性［１］。其中两种金属共存的双金属催化剂的性能...     

丙二酸锂-铑配合物的结构及催化性能研究

本文采用丙二酸锂为配体，与四羰基二氯二铑形成双齿配位的顺二羰基铑配合物，研究表明，在催化甲醇羰基化制乙酸的反应中，该配合物显示出高的活性和选择性。     

聚烯丙硫醇/丙烯酸甲酯羰基铑(Ⅰ)配合物的分子内取代反应

合成了一种新的含有S、O未配位原子的高分子顺二羰基铑配合物 ,用IR和XPS数据研究了其分子内羰基取代反应 ,结果表明在遇热且无CO保护下S、O与铑形成的弱的S→Rh、O→Rh键可取代强的Rh→Cπ键 ,形成稳定的四配位结构 ,从而保护了铑不因末端羰基脱落而分解 ,提高了它的稳定性 ;其分子内取代反应是可逆的 ,在CO气氛下该结构又能够回复到二配位结构     

高分子镍催化剂催化甲醇羰基化制备乙酸

高分子镍催化剂催化甲醇羰基化制备乙酸潘平来，柳忠阳，黄茂开，袁国卿（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词高分子镍催化剂，羰基化醇类的谈基化反应早在５０年代初就开始研究，ＲｅＰＰｌｅ［Ｕ等人研究发现周期表中第八族金属元素的藏基化物对甲醇谈基化有...     

新有机锡化合物的合成及分子内O→Sn配位键的离解与—1NMR相关性的研究

用具有抗癌活性的(Z)-1-[2-(二卤化苯基锡基乙烯基)]-环辛醇与含氮的双齿配体作用,合成了一系列新的有机锡络合物,通过IR,1HNMR,元素分析和摩尔电导值的测定对其结构、性质进行了表征,特别对有机锡化合物分子内O→Sn配位键的离解与配体中烯基质子化学位移(1HNMR)的相关性进行了讨论.     

氮磷配位的钛酸酯络合物的X射线光电子能谱研究

制备了单烷基羧酸型和磺酸型钛酸酯氮配位与磷配位的配合物.用XPS法证明有N→Ti或P→Ti配位键生成,并从化学位移量推测了键的强度,磺酸型较羧酸型易配位,羟基取代胺的氮配体配位较容易发生;磷配位由于存在Ti→P的反馈作用,使化学位移不如氮配位明显.此外,异丙基钛酸酯与乙醇胺的反应物,证明分子内有N→Ti配位键生成.     

X-ray photoelectron spectra of polynuclear manganese complexes

Manganese trimethylacetate complexes with different ligand environments were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Changes in the Mn 2p, C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra caused by the substitution of Mn → N coordination bonds for Mn → O coordination bonds were examined. In the spectra of manganese trimethylacetate complexes, the satellite component was identified, which is evidence of the high-spin state of manganese atoms. An increase in the magnetic moment of the manganese complexes, both with the oxygen and mixed oxygen-nitrogen environment, is accompanied by an increase in the spin-orbit splitting, the difference in E _b between the satellite and the Mn 2p _3/2 line, and the ratio between the integrated intensities of the satellite and the Mn 2p _3/2 line (I sat_3/2/I Mn 2p _3/2). The XPS data made it possible to determine the measure of covalence of the metal-ligand bond. The XPS results are consistent with X-ray crystallography data.     

State of Rh(III) in Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions

A simple method is developed for synthesizing [Rh(H₂O)₆]F₃. 3H₂O with a yield of 80–90%. ¹⁹F, ¹⁰³Rh, and ¹⁷О NMR spectroscopic studies show that the following three processes simultaneously run in the Rh(III)–HF/K–H₂O system via parallel routes: the formation of mononuclear aquafluoro complexes [Rh(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + F–→ [Rh(H₂O)₅F]²⁺ + H₂O; the formation of aquahydrofluoro complexes [Rh(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + HF₂^-→ [Rh(H₂O)₅HF₂]²⁺ + H₂O; and hydrolysis of the aqua ion followed by coordination of fluoride ion and condensation of the hydroxo species [Rh(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + 2F^– → [Rh(H₂O)₄(OH)F]⁺ + HF → condensation. [Rh(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and [Rh(H2O)5F]²⁺ are the two species making a major contribution to the material balance at high acidity under equilibrium conditions. Parameters of the ¹⁹F NMR spectra of individual complex species are presented.     

Synthesis and structure of (C=O→Si←O′=C′)bis(2-methyl-4-oxopyran-3-yloxy)difluoro-(λ<Superscript>6</Superscript>)siliconium

A new six-coordinate silicon compound, (C=O→Si←O′=C′)bis(2-methyl-4-oxopyran-3-yloxy)-difluoro(λ⁶)siliconium, containing two five-membered rings closed by C=O→Si coordination bonds, forms o protodesilylation trifluoro(phenyl)silane with 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one (maltol). According to multinuclear NMR and IR spectral data and quantum-chemical calculations, the silicon atom in this compound has an octahedral environment with two cis-arranged C=O→Si bonds     

Catalytic reactions on neutral Rh oxide clusters more efficient than on neutral Rh clusters

Gas phase catalytic reactions involving the reduction of N(2)O and oxidation of CO were observed at the molecular level on isolated neutral rhodium clusters, Rh(n) (n = 10-28), using mass spectrometry. Sequential oxygen transfer reactions, Rh(n)O(m-1) + N(2)O → Rh(n)O(m) + N(2) (m = 1, 2, 3,…), were monitored and the rate constant for each reaction step was determined as a function of the cluster size. Oxygen extraction reactions by a CO molecule, Rh(n)O(m) + CO → Rh(n)O(m-1) + CO(2) (m = 1, 2, 3,…), were also observed when a small amount of CO was mixed with the reactant N(2)O gas. The rate constants of the oxygen extraction reactions by CO for m ≥ 4 were found to be two or three orders of magnitude higher than the rate constants for m ≤ 3, which indicates that the catalytic reaction proceeds more efficiently when the reaction cycles turn over around Rh(n)O(m) (m ≥ 4) than around bare Rh(n). Rhodium clusters operate as more efficient catalysts when they are oxidized than non- or less-oxidized rhodium clusters, which is consistent with theoretical and experimental studies on the catalytic CO oxidation reaction on a rhodium surface.     

Insight into Coordination of Uranyl Ions with N,N′‐bis(2‐five‐membered heterocyclidene)‐1,8‐anthradiamines

To find new adsorbents for uranyl ions, the density functional theory (DFT) was adopted to design a series of new ligands containing an anthracene and two five‐membered heterocycles with nitrogen family nonmetal elements (N, P, As) or oxygen family nonmetal elements (O, S, Se, Te), for example, ligands N,N′‐bis(2‐five‐membered heterocyclidene)‐1,8‐anthradiamines (BFHADAs). Then the uranyl ions were coordinated with BFHADAs to generate five new coordination complexes (Uranyl‐BFHADAs) with heteroatoms N, S, As, Se and Te, respectively. The five‐membered heterocyclic rings of Uranyl‐BFHADA with oxygen atoms were broken under the structural optimization and Uranyl‐BFHADA with heterocyclic atoms P was not obtained. Several structures and property parameters of the ligands BFHADAs (containing heteroatoms N, S, As, Se and Te) and their uranyl complexes Uranyl‐BFHADAs were theoretically investigated and analyzed. The results showed that uranyl ions could form stable coordination complexes with these five BFHADAs. The formed bonds between uranyl ions and the heteroatoms in BFHADAs were coordination bonds rather than other types of bonds. These results could provide insightful information and theoretical guidance for the coordination of uranyl with the atoms N, S, Se, As and Te in other ligands.     

Chemical bonding in the crystal structure of 1-hydrosilatrane

A study has been made of the crystal and molecular structure of 1-hydrosilatrane HSi(OCH_2CH₂)₃N. The quantum chemical calculations of its crystal structure have been carried out. According to an estimate of the energy, the coordination bond N→Si is by 5 kcal mol^?1 stronger than that in the crystal of 1-methylsilatrane. The charge values calculated within the framework of the topological analysis of the electron density demonstrate that the electron density of the coordination bond N→Si is primarily transferred to the region of the equatorial bonds Si—O and, to a lesser extent, to the bond Si—H. On going from the isolated molecule of 1-hydrosilatrane to its crystal, the interatomic distance N—Si decreases, mainly owing to the weak intermolecular interaction C—H...O.