苯部分加氢制环己烯的非晶态Ru-M-B/ZrO2催化剂的表征

采用化学还原法，制备了高活性，高选择性非晶态RU-M-B/ZRO2催化剂，并将其用于催化苯部分加氢制环己烯，在140℃、5.0Mpa氢压下，苯转化40%时，环己烯选择性达到85%左右。环己烯最高收率达到52.1%，用XRD、SEM、BET比表面积测定等手段对摧化剂进行表征，XRD和SEM测试表明，RU-U-B/ZRO2属于非晶态，活性组分高度分散，XRD结果证实，在加氢过程中，非晶分解，RU晶化；温度愈高，RU晶化愈快，催化剂的活性、选择性与RU微晶的粒径有关，RU微晶粒径应控制在5nm左右，BET比表面积测定表明，ZRO2的负载提高了催化剂的比表面积，从而有利于活性组分的高度分散，并可阻止RU微晶的长大，讨论了B和ZRO2对提高选择性的作用。     

纳米 ZrO2 作分散剂的 Ru-Zn 催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

 采用水热法合成了比表面积分别为 34 和 87 m2/g 的 ZrO2 样品 (分别记为 ZrO2-34 和 ZrO2-87), 并考察了它们作分散剂时 Ru-Zn 催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯反应的性能. 结果表明, 两个 ZrO2 样品具有相近的纯度和物相, 晶粒粒径分别为 21.6 和 11.4 nm. 其中 ZrO2-34 具有较小的比表面积、较大的孔径、较小的粒径、集中的粒度分布和较大的堆密度, 因而更适合用作苯选择加氢制环己烯 Ru-Zn 催化剂的分散剂, 且循环使用多次催化剂仍表现出较高的选择性和稳定性.     

苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Co-B/ZrO2催化剂的研究

对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂的研究,关键是选择性,这方面已经有不少文献报道[1,2],但具有工业应用价值的甚少。此外,载体也是影响环己烯选择性的一个重要因素。本文用化学还原法制备了Ru Co B/ZrO2催化剂,研究了助剂Co和载体ZrO2含量及还原剂对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化性能的影响。1　实验部分1 1　催化剂制备分别用KBH4和甲醛作还原剂,采用化学还原法制备出Ru Co B/ZrO2和Ru Co/ZrO2催化剂。其中RuCl3·xH2O和过渡金属Co盐分别作为活性组分和助剂的前体,纳米级ZrO2作分散剂,所得催化剂为黑色固体粉末。1 2　催化剂性能测试F…     

负载型钌基催化剂催化苯选择加氢合成环己烯

沉淀法制备的钌基催化剂催化苯选择加氢的工艺已成熟并工业化,新型高活性、高选择性的负载型催化剂因其独特的性质成为目前新的研究方向.本文重点讨论了负载型钌基催化剂制备过程中载体种类、载体修饰、活性组分和负载量等因素对催化剂活性、选择性等方面的影响,同时也介绍了反应温度、压力、转速和添加剂等因素对催化剂活性、选择性等方面的影响.     

纳米Ru-Mn/ZrO2催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Mn含量的纳米Ru-Mn催化剂,考察了纳米ZrO₂作分散剂时它们催化苯选择加氢制环己烯的反应性能,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、N₂物理吸附、X射线荧光、原子吸收光谱和俄歇电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ru-Mn催化剂上Mn以Mn₃O₄存在于Ru的表面上.在加氢过程中,Mn₃O₄可以与浆液中ZnSO₄发生化学反应生成一种难溶性的(Zn(OH)₂)₃(ZnSO₄)(H₂O)₃盐.该盐易化学吸附在Ru催化剂表面上,从而在提高Ru催化剂上环己烯选择性起关键作用.当催化剂中Mn含量为5.4%时,环己烯收率为61.3%,同时具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能.     

聚酰胺生产新技术—苯不完全加氢制环己烯的开发研究

本文介绍并评述了由苯不完全加氢制环已烯这一聚酰胺生产的全新技术路线.通过与现存的工艺进行对比分析,阐述了它在工业生产上的巨大应用前景.对其关键步聚苯不完全加氢生成环己烯,从反应工艺、催化剂制备、反应机理及环己烯的分离与应用等几个方面,综述了其历史、现状和未来发展趋势.     

一种新型Ru-Zn体系催化苯选择加氢制环己烯的研究

制备了一种新型苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂.研究表明,该催化剂不但具有较好的活性选择性,而且具有稳定的晶态结构,良好的沉降分离性能.Zn/Ru比为8/92时,15min环己烯的收率达48.3%.利用XRD和物理吸附仪等手段对催化剂进行了表征.XRD证实了Ru和Zn形成固溶体,并观察到金属锌物相的存在.     

新型苯选择加氢制环己烯非晶态催化剂Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2的制备及其可调变性

采用化学还原法制备了一种新型高活性和高选择性苯选择加氢制环己烯的Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2纳米非晶态合金催化剂,并利用透射电镜、选区电子衍射、X射线衍射和N2物理吸附仪等手段对催化剂进行了表征.重点研究了Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2催化剂活性和选择性的可调变性,及还原剂NaBH4浓度和洗涤后滤液的pH值对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,在新型Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2催化剂上,当苯转化54%时,环己烯选择性高达80%,同时环己烯选择性随苯转化率升高而缓慢下降.向反应浆液中添加酸性或碱性物质可以调变催化剂的活性和选择性,同时催化剂制备工艺和性能具有很好的可重复性.Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2催化剂融合了纳米和非晶材料的特性,这是其对苯选择加氢制环己烯表现出高活性和高选择性的主要原因.     

沉淀法制备苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂的研究

将 Ru Cl3· x H2 O和 Zn Cl2 与 Na OH共沉淀 ,再用适量的 Na OH溶解部分 Zn,制备了以 Ru为活性组分、Zn为助剂的苯选择加氢制环己烯的催化剂 .研究了 Zn含量、碱溶用 Na OH浓度、温度等因素对活性与选择性的影响 ,并用 XRD、SEM、BET比表面积、孔径分布等测试手段对催化剂进行表征 .结果表明 ,Zn含量为 5 %左右时 ,苯的转化率可保持在 6 5 %左右 ,且环己烯的收率较高 .碱溶用 Na OH浓度宜控制在 2 %～ 4 % .沉淀时的反应温度 6 0℃左右较好 .XRD表明 ,活性组分 Ru和 Zn均被还原 ,并形成了 Ru- Zn固溶体 ,Ru微晶粒径为 3～ 5nm,经 SEM可以观察到 Ru微晶呈高分散 .BET比表面积 30～ 4 0 m2 /g,催化剂最可几孔径分布范围 30～ 70nm.与一般沉淀法相比 ,经过碱溶形成的催化剂的孔结构有利于环己烯选择性的提高     

蜂窝陶瓷整体反应器内苯选择加氢制环己烯

 研究了Ru/ZrO2蜂窝陶瓷整体催化剂对苯液相选择加氢制环己烯反应的催化性能,考察了催化剂载体、活性组分含量、预处理条件、反应温度、反应压力、水和硫酸锌水溶液等对该反应的影响. 结果表明,整体催化剂不经预还原就可以直接进行苯液相加氢反应; 反应物中不加水或其它无机添加剂时环己烯的选择性为0,水或硫酸锌水溶液的加入大大降低了反应活性,但环己烯的选择性显著提高,约达到20%; 反应物中水和苯有最优配比,以保证最佳的环己烯选择性和收率; 反应温度在413～443 K,反应压力为3～4 MPa,硫酸锌浓度为0.1 mol/L时,反应结果较好.     

Study on the Nanosized Amorphous Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2 Alloy Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene

A novel nanosized amorphous Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2 alloy catalyst for benzene selective hydrogenation to cyclohexene was investigated. The superior properties of this catalyst were attributed to the combination of the nanosize and the amorphous character as well as to its textural character. In addition, the concentration of zinc ions, the content of ZrO2 in the slurry, and the pretreatment of the catalyst were found to be effective in improving the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst.     

用于苯选择加氢制环己烯的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活与再生

 研究了在中试装置上经长期运转后的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活原因与再生方法. 结果表明: 催化剂失活不是由微孔堵塞、比表面积减小、晶粒长大或催化剂中毒而引起的,而是由于在长期运转过程中催化剂吸附了反应浆液中的Zn2+ 和反应器壁引入的Fe2+ , 通过酸洗的方法可以使催化剂的活性和选择性基本恢复.     

二乙醇胺作添加剂Ru-Zn催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

采用共沉淀法制备了Ru-Zn催化剂,考察了二乙醇胺的添加对Ru-Zn催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯性能的影响,并采用N2物理吸附、透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线荧光、傅里叶变换红外和程序升温还原等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,二乙醇胺可以与浆液中ZnSO4反应生成(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)3和硫酸二乙醇胺盐.随着二乙醇胺用量的增加,化学吸附在催化剂表面的(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)3增多,它与硫酸二乙醇胺盐的协同作用提高了Ru-Zn(4.9%)催化剂上苯选择加氢生成环己烯的选择性.当二乙醇胺用量为0.3g时,(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)3在Ru-Zn(4.9%)催化剂加氢后样品的表面高度分散,反应性能最佳,循环使用第3次时苯转化率为84.3%,环己烯选择性和收率分别达75.5%和63.6%;使用至第4次时,反应25min时苯转化率和环己烯选择性仍可达75%以上,环己烯收率为58%以上.     

The Modifiable Character of a Novel Ru-Fe-B/ZrO2 Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene

A novel Ru‐Fe‐B/ZrO₂ catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene was prepared by the chemical reduction method. A yield of cyclohexene of 57.3% was achieved at benzene conversion of 80.6% on this catalyst. The activity and yield of cyclohexene were higher than those studied previously. The structural characterizations of the catalyst were performed by TEM‐SAED, XRD, and N₂‐physisorption. Moreover, cyclohexene selectivities on this catalyst increased and the activities decreased with the increase of the ZnO dosages, however, the activities increased and cyclohexene selectivities decreased with the increase of the H₂SO₄ dosages. Different feeding manners of H₂SO₄ or ZnO exerted definitely influence on the performances of this catalyst, but the degrees of influence were different due to the character of chemisorptions. Furthermore, the activity and cyclohexene selectivity on the catalysts could be reversibly modified by adding H₂SO₄ or ZnO into reaction slurry, which provides an easy method to recover the activity and selectivity of Ru‐Fe‐B/ZrO₂ catalysts during the process of producing cyclohexene. And the modifiable mechanisms involved were speculated.     

Study of a Ru-La/ZrO_2 Catalyst Prepared by Precipitation Method for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene

1. Introduction Cyclohexene as an important intermediate prod- uct is widely used in chemical productions. The process of selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclo- hexene has been an important research topic in green chemistry owing to its atomic economy and clean production [1]. In order to attain greater economic benefits, researchers are searching for a new catalytic system that is high in activity and selectivity, simple in technology, and low in cost. In this respect, some progresses h…     

Study of a Ru-La/Zr02 Catalyst Prepared by Precipitation Method for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene

A Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method, in which Ru was an active component, La was a promoter and ZrO2 was a dispersant. Comparing with the catalyst prepared by the chemical reduction method, the Ru-La/ZrO2 exhibited higher activity and better selectivity. At 140 ℃ and hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa, the C6H10 selectivity reached 70% at a C6H6 conversion of 35% for a reaction time was 5 min and the total La/Ru loading was 10%. Textural parameters of the catalyst were obtained by physical adsorption, BET surface area and specific pore volume measurements. The catalyst sample gave a BET area of 41 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 1.1 cm^3/g, and the most probable pore distribution was located at 5 to 10 nm. H2-TPR measurements showed that ruthenium oxide could be reduced to its metallic state at about 403 K. XRD determinations indicated that ruthenium and lanthanum were highly dispersed on the zirconia. A significant advantage of the Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst is that it can be used directly in its unreduced state for the selective hydrogenation of benzene.