磺化酞菁与人血清白蛋白复合物的光动力活性研究

通过光谱法研究了三种磺化酞菁(α位四磺化酞菁、β位四磺化酞菁和α位单取代磺化酞菁)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用.结果 表明,HSA对α位四磺化酞菁的存在状态(单体、聚集体)影响显著,而对β位四磺化酞菁和α位单取代磺化酞菁的存在状态没有明显影响.磺化酞菁与HSA均存在明显的相互作用,且.四磺化酞菁与HSA的结合作用...     

α和β-四(4-甲氧基苯氧基)酞菁锌的合成、表征和电化学性质

以3-硝基邻苯二腈和4-硝基邻苯二腈为原料经过两步反应合成了α和β-四甲氧基苯氧基酞菁锌,通过IR光谱、UV-Vis光谱、MS谱、1H NMR谱和元素分析表征了其结构,其结果与标题化合物的结构一致.这两种酞菁在有机溶剂中有良好的溶解性.通过循环伏安法研究其能带结构和电化学过程,结果表明,甲氧基苯氧基在α-位时(与苯氧基在β-位时相比)酞菁单体的HOMO能级升高,LUMO能级降低,带隙变窄,有利于酞菁分子的电子传输.它们在二氯甲烷中的电化学过程都是单电子准可逆过程,而且氧化还原过程均发生在酞菁环上.最后提出了两种酞菁的电化学反应机理.     

α-含氧取代酞菁的聚集性质研究

以3-硝基邻苯二腈为原料分别与苯酚和甲醇反应合成3-苯氧基邻苯二腈和3-甲氧基邻苯二腈, 这些α-取代的邻苯二腈以二甲氨基乙醇为溶剂, 在有无醋酸锌条件下环合, 分别形成α-四苯氧基锌酞菁、α-四苯氧基无金属酞菁、α-四甲氧基锌酞菁、α-四甲氧基无金属酞菁, 对产物结构进行了表征. 光谱分析结果表明, 此类锌酞菁在氯仿等非配位溶剂中能自发形成J型聚集体, 其Q带出现一个红移吸收带, 经UV-Vis光谱、荧光光谱及MALDI-TOF质谱分析表明, 该聚集体的形成机理为基于酞菁分子间的锌-氧自配位相互作用.     

四-β-(氨甲基)酞菁锌盐酸盐的合成及光物理光化学性质研究

四-β-(邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基)酞菁锌(ZnPcP4)与85%水合肼反应得到四-β-(氨甲基)酞菁锌(ZnPcN4,分子式C36H28N12Zn),其盐酸盐为ZnPcN4.HCl。测试合成得到的标题化合物紫外-可见电子吸收光谱,荧光光谱和单线态氧生成速率。标题化合物在水中聚集,在90%1,2-丙二醇/水中主要以单体形式存在。目标酞菁锌配合物在90%DMF/水的中性溶液存在聚集体,在弱酸性条件下,随酸度增大,675 nm处Q带单体吸收峰升高,在DMF/water(10%,V/V)/HCl(1.2 mmol·L-1)溶液中10-5 mol·L-1的酞菁配合物基本上没有聚集;在强酸性条件下,随酸度增大,675 nm处Q带单体吸收峰下降的同时,在713 nm处酞菁单质子化吸收峰强度有所增加。ZnPcN4.HCl在DMF体系中聚集,荧光量子产率和单线态氧量子产率变小,但其在DMF/water(10%,V/V)/HCl(1.2mmol·L-1)体系中主要以单体形式存在,荧光量子产率为0.19,单线态氧量子产率0.58,光敏活性与标准无取代酞菁锌相近。     

四乙酰哌嗪苯氧基酞菁锌及其蛋白质复合物的制备、表征与光动力活性

合成了2个酞菁锌配合物，即α-四(4-(4-乙酰哌嗪)苯氧基))酞菁锌(C₈₀H₇₂N₁₆O₈Zn) (1)和β-四(4-(4-乙酰哌嗪)苯氧基)酞菁锌(C₈₀H₇₂N₁₆O₈Zn) (2)，并通过¹H NMR，MS，IR和元素分析等手段进行表征。配合物1、2在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和正辛醇等有机溶剂中呈现出典型的酞菁的单体吸收光谱特征，Q带分别位于693~698 nm和681~682 nm，相对于β位取代者，α位取代的配合物的Q带明显红移。在含水溶剂中的吸收光谱测试显示，α位取代较β位取代更能有效地阻止配合物在含水溶剂中形成聚集体。通过吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了2个配合物与血清白蛋白(BSA，HSA)和转铁蛋白(apoTf)的相互作用，结果表明，结合常数在(1~20) × 10⁵ mol^-1·L之间，相对而言， β位取代的配合物与白蛋白的结合能力强于α位取代者。同时，制备了1-BSA、2-BSA、1-HSA、1-apoTf和1-FeTf等非共价键结合的酞菁-蛋白质复合物。对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的光动力杀伤作用的测试初步表明，复合物的活性较高，活性顺序为：1-BSA > 1-FeTf > 1-HSA，1-apoTf > 2-BSA > 1 > 2。     

四-α(β)-(4-吡啶氧基)酞菁锌的光物理性质研究

测定了新合成的α位取代和β位取代的四-(4-吡啶氧基)酞菁锌配合物的UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱及激发单重态寿命、纳秒瞬态吸收光谱与激发三重态寿命.在此基础上,与相关配合物进行了比较,探讨了取代基及其取代位置对酞菁锌配合物的吸收光谱、激发单重态寿命及激发三重态寿命的影响.     

氨基酸单取代酞菁锌的合成与表征

以单羧基β-取代酞菁锌和王氏氨基树脂为原料,合成了2种氨基酸单取代酞菁锌:2-L-苯丙氨酸-羧基-β-单取代酞菁锌和2-L-组氨酸-羧基-β-单取代酞菁锌,其结构经UV-Vis,IR,MS和元素分析表征。     

对α-四芳氧基取代酞菁溴化位置的思考

为了研究α-四芳氧基取代酞菁在溴化反应中溴原子的取代位置问题,本文合成了1,8,15,22-四(4-甲基苯氧基)酞菁钯(Pc～1)、1,8,15,22-四(2,6-二溴-4-甲基苯氧基)酞菁钯(Pc～2)、1,8,15,22-四(2,4-二特丁基苯氧基)酞菁钯(Pc～3)和1,8,15,22-四(2,4-二特丁基苯氧基)酞菁铜(Pc～4),并对它们分别进行了相同条件下的溴化,得到相应的溴化产物Pc～5、Pc～6、Pc～7和Pc～8.综合对比研究酞菁Pc～1-4及其溴化产物Pc～5-8的最大吸收波长,推测酞菁溴化反应发生在酞菁大共轭体系的苯环上,而不是芳氧取代基的苯环上,并从电子结构的角度简要的说明了原因.     

含氮芳氧基取代酞菁金属配合物光敏产生1O2

采用以2,5-二甲基呋喃(DMFU)为探针,通过气相色谱内标法测定了4种中心金属(Zn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ))、4种取代基及α位或β位取代的28种含氮芳氧基取代酞菁金属配合物新物种光敏产生单线态氧(1O2)的速率常数。讨论了中心金属电子结构、取代基类型及取代位置对酞菁金属配合物光敏产生1O2能力的影响。结果表明,它们产生1O2的能力有很大差异:(1)相同取代基在相同位置取代情况下,中心金属为锌的酞菁配合物光敏产生1O2的能力均好于中心金属为铜、钴、镍的酞菁配合物;(2)氮杂芳氧基取代酞菁锌光敏产生1O2的速率常数显著大于相应位置氨基苯氧基取代酞菁锌的;(3)α位氮杂芳氧基取代酞菁锌光敏产生1O2的速率常数均大于相应取代基β位取代酞菁锌的。     

以偶氮苯基团为周边取代基的锌酞菁的合成及光物理性质

合成了两种带有偶氮苯周边取代基的锌酞菁化合物,并对其进行了结构表征.与一般酞菁的吸收光谱相比,偶氮苯酞菁的UV-Vis光谱的B带吸收峰强度明显强于Q带.该类化合物在光照条件下表现出重复性较好的顺反异构化性质.Z-扫描结果表明,这类化合物的三阶非线性光学性能主要来源于酞菁的非线性折射率,且β位取代的酞菁的三阶非线性效应大于α位取代的,顺反异构对酞菁的三阶非线性光学性能的影响不大.     

Comparison between non-peripherally and peripherally tetra-substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers: Synthesis,spectroscopic, photochemical and photobiological properties

A series of zinc phthalocyanines tetra-α-substituted with 4-(butoxycarbonyl) phenoxy groups (1a) or 4-carboxylphenoxy groups (2a) or 4-(2-carboxyl-ethyl)phenoxy groups (3a), and the corresponding tetra-β-substituted (1–3b) analogues, have been synthesized and characterized. The effects of the position of substituents at the phthalocyanine skeleton on their spectroscopic, photochemical and photobiological properties have been revealed. When compared with the tetra-β-substituted phthalocyanines, the corresponding tetra-α-substituted analogues exhibit a less aggregating trend in the cellular growth medium, a slightly higher singlet oxygen quantum yield and higher photo-stability in DMF, and a comparable cellular uptake. As a result, the tetra-α-substituted zinc phthalocyanines exhibit a higher photocytotoxicity toward MGC803 human gastric carcinoma cells than the tetra-β-substituted counterparts. Among all these compounds, phthalocyanine 2a shows the highest photodynamic activity, which may mainly be due to its non-aggregated nature in cellular culture medium and high cellular uptake.     

Photophysical, photochemical and BSA binding/BQ quenching properties of quaternizable coumarin containing water soluble zinc phthalocyanine complexes

The non-peripherally (np-QZnPc) and peripherally (p-QZnPc) tetrakis-[7-oxo-(3-[(2-diethylaminomethyliodide)ethyl)]-4-methylcoumarin]-phthalocyaninatozinc complexes have been prepared by quaternization of non-peripherally and peripherally tetrakis[7-oxo-(3-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl)]-methylcoumarin] phthalocyaninato zinc complexes with methyliodide in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The new quaternized zinc phthalocyanine complex (np-QZnPc) has been characterized by elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF, IR and UV-vis spectral data. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the peripherally and non-peripherally quaternized tetrakis-3-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl]-7-oxo-4-methylcoumarin substituted zinc phthalocyanines are reported. The effects of the position of the substituents and the aggregation of the phthalocyanine molecules on the photophysical and photochemical properties are also investigated. General trends are described for photodegradation, singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes for complexes np-ZnPc/p-ZnPc in DMSO and for complexes np-QZnPc/p-QZnPc in DMSO, phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and PBS+Triton-X 100 solutions. The fluorescence of the tetra-substituted quaternized zinc phthalocyanine complexes (np-QZnPc/p-QZnPc) are effectively quenched addition of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) and this study also presented the ionic zinc phthalocyanine complexes strongly bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA).     

Synthesis of 3-nitrophthalonitrile and tetra-α-substituted phthalocyanines

An efficient synthesis of phthalocyanines prepared from ortho-substituted phthalonitriles is described. The precursor to these phthalocyanines, 3-nitrophthalonitrile, is a key reagent for syntheses of phthalonitriles substituted at the 3-position by means of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. An example of this type of phthalocyanine, prepared from 3-(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalonitrile, is compared with the phthalocyanine derived from 4-(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalonitrile. Substitution of the phthalocyanine at this more sterically crowded site causes a 20 nm bathochromic shift of the Q-band (π-π* transition).     

Synthesis, characterization and comparative studies on the photophysical and photochemical properties of metal-free and zinc(II) phthalocyanines with phenyloxyacetic acid functionalities

The synthesis and characterization of new peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free and zinc(II) phthalocyanines with 2-, 3- and 4-phenyloxyacetic acid functionalities are described for the first time in this study. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF and ¹H-NMR spectra. Photodegradation, singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds are studied in dimethylformamide (DMF). The influence of the substituent position on the phthalocyanine framework (non-peripherally or peripherally), central metal ion (metal-free or zinc) and the position of the COOH group (2-, 3- or 4-position on the phenyloxyacetic acid) on the spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties have been investigated. Non-peripherally zinc(II) phthalocyanines (1b and 2b) and peripherally zinc(II) phthalocyanine (4b) gave good singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ) (0.37, 0.39 and 0.38, respectively) which indicate the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications of PDT.     

Newly synthesized peripherally octa-substituted zinc phthalocyanines carrying halogen terminated phenoxy-phenoxy moiety: comparative photochemical and photophysical features

This study reports the 3 new phthalonitrile derivatives, namely 4, 5 Bis-[4-(4-bromophenoxy) phenoxy] phthalonitrile ( 1 ), 4,5 Bis-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy) phenoxy]phthalonitrile ( 2 ), and 4, 5 Bis[4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] phthalonitrile ( 3 ). Their octa-substituted zinc phthalocyanines ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) are reported for the first time in this study. The resulting compounds were characterized by utilizing some spectroscopic methods, such as UV-Vis, 1HNMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectraand elemental analysis. To show photosynthesizer’s potential, emission (F F ), singlet oxygen (1O2), and photodegradation quantum yields (F∆, Fd) of octa-peripherally phthalocyanines (Pcs) were performed in the solutions, such as biocompatible solvent DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) as well as DMF (dimethylformamide) and THF (tetrahydrofuran). Solvent and octa-peripherally binding effect of the halogen (Br, Cl, F) terminated phenoxy-phenoxy groups on phthalocyanine rings for photophysicochemical properties ( 4 , 5 , and 6 ) were compared with the tetra-peripherally and tetra nonperipherally substituted derivatives. The new dyes ( 4 to 6 ) may be evaluated in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer as photosensitizers due to efficient 1O2 from 0.55 to 0.75.     

Photophysical characterization of dysprosium, erbium and lutetium phthalocyanines tetrasubstituted with phenoxy groups at non-peripheral positions

Dysprosium bis-phthalocyanine and monomeric phthalocyanines of erbium and lutetium with non-peripheral phenoxy substituents have been synthesized using two different preparative routes. Photophysical studies on these phthalocyanines revealed that the triplet states of dysprosium and erbium are not populated while the monomeric phthalocyanine complex of lutetium is populated with a quantum yield of 0.83 and a lifetime of 25 μs in DMSO. It was further found that the phthalocyanine complex of lutetium was capable of photochemical generation of singlet state molecular oxygen with yield of 0.71 in THF, thus a promising photosensitizer. However, the three phthalocyanine molecules have very low fluorescence quantum yields of less than 0.01.     

Nucleophilic substitution in 4-bromo-5-nitrophthalonitrile: XIV. Synthesis and properties of 4,5-bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile and phthalocyanines therefrom

4,5-Bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group and bromine in 4-bromo-5-nitrophathalonitrile. The product was used to synthesize the corresponding octasubstituted phthalocyanine, as well as its magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, and nickel complexes. The spectral properties of the synthesized phthalocyanines were studied.     

Design of novel substituted phthalocyanines; synthesis and fluorescence,DFT, photovoltaic properties

The 4-(2-[3,4-dimethoxyphenoxy] phenoxy) phthalonitrile was synthesized as the starting material of new syntheses. Zinc, copper, and cobalt phthalocyanines were achieved by reaction of starting compound with Zn(CH3COO)2, CuCl2, and CoCl2 metal salts. Basic spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance electronic absorption, mass and infrared spectrometry were used in the structural characterization of the compounds. Absorption, excitation, and emission measurements of the fluorescence zinc phthalocyanine compound were also investigated in THF. Then, structural, energy, and electronic properties for synthesized metallophthalocyanines were determined by quantum chemical calculations, including the DFT method. The bandgap of HOMO and LUMO was determined to be chemically active. Global reactivity (I, A, η, s, μ, χ, ω) and nonlinear properties were studied. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were drawn to identify potential reactive regions of metallophthalocyanine (M-Pc) compounds. Photovoltaic performances of phthalocyanine compounds for dye sensitive solar cells were investigated. The solar conversion efficiency of DSSC based on copper, zinc, and cobalt phthalocyanine compounds was 1.69%, 1.35%, and 1.54%, respectively. The compounds have good solubility and show nonlinear optical properties. Zinc phthalocyanine gave fluorescence emission.     

Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of 4‐(4‐(5‐Phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐yl)phenoxy)‐Substituted Cobalt(II), Lead(II) and Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines

Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analyses of 4‐(4‐(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐yl)phenoxy)‐substituted metal‐free phthalocyanine ( H₂Pc ( 1 )) and metallated phthalocyanines ( PbPc ( 2 ) and CoPc ( 3 )) were performed in solution. Voltammetric characterizations of the phthalocyanine complexes were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. CoPc ( 3 ) gave common metal and ring based electron transfer reactions; however they split due to the aggregation. Although PbPc ( 2 ) illustrated reversible reduction processes during the voltammetric measurements, it was de‐metallized and thus turned to the metal free phthalocyanine during repetitive voltammetric cycles and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements.     

Formation of bovine serum albumin associates with zinc tetra(4,4′-carboxy)phenylamino- and tetra-(4,4′-carboxy)phenoxy phthalocyanines in aqueous-organic solutions at 298 K

The states of water-soluble complexes of zinc phthalocyanine containing -O-C₆H₄-COONa and -NH-C₆H₄-COONa substituents in aqueous and organic media are studied. The type of dimerization is determined for each phthalocyanine. Phthalocyanine interaction with bovine serum albumin is studied with respect to the association equilibria. It is shown that phthalocyanines are localized in protein subdomains IB and IIA, and the interaction between protein and phthalocyanines is of a multicenter character.