Alignment delays in the N = Z nuclei (72)Kr, (76)Sr, and (80)Zr

The ground state rotational bands of the N = Z nuclei (72)Kr, (76)Sr, and (80)Zr have been extended into the angular momentum region where rotation alignment of particles is normally expected. By measuring the moments of inertia of these bands we have observed a consistent increase in the rotational frequency required to start pair breaking, when compared to neighboring nuclei. (72)Kr shows the most marked effect. It has been widely suggested that these "delayed alignments" arise from np-pairing correlations. However, alignment frequencies are very sensitive to shape degrees of freedom and normal pairing, so the new experimental observations are still open to interpretation.     

Creation of localized optical waves that Do not obey the radiation condition at infinity

X-ray bursts have been suggested as a possible site for the astrophysical rp-process. The time scale for the process is governed by beta-decay half-lives of several even-even N = Z waiting point nuclei, in particular, N = Z = 40 80Zr. A 4.1(+0.8/-0.6)-s beta(+)/EC half-life for 80Zr was determined by observing delayed 84-keV gamma rays depopulating a T(1/2) = 4-&mgr;s isomer at 312 keV in the daughter 80Y. As this half-life is lower than many previously predicted values, the calculated excessive production of A = 80 nuclides in astrophysical x-ray burst scenarios is reduced, and less extreme conditions are necessary for the production of heavier nuclides.     

Properties and structure of N=Z nuclei within relativistic mean field theory

The axially deformed relativistic mean field theory with the force NLSH has been performed in the blocked BCS approximation to investigate the properties and structure of N=Z nuclei from Z=20 to Z=48.Some ground state quantities such as binding energies, quadrupole deformations, one/two-nucleon separation energies, root-mean-square (rms) radii of charge and neutron, and shell gaps have been calculated.The results suggest that large deformations can be found in medium-heavy nuclei with N=Z=38-42.The charge and neutron rms radii increase rapidly beyond the magic number N=Z=28 until Z=42 with increasing nucleon number, which is similar to isotope shift, yet beyond Z=42, they decrease dramatically as the structure changes greatly from Z=42 to Z=43.The evolution of shell gaps with proton number Z can be clearly observed.Besides the appearance of possible new shell closures, some conventional shell closures have been found to disappear in some region.In addition, we found that the Coulomb interaction is not strong enough to breakdown the shell structure of protons in the current region.     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

Structure of unstable nuclei near proton drip line

Gamov-Teller (GT) states in nuclei near the proton drip line are studied by using a microscopic Hartree-Fock (H-F) + Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) (or random phase approximation (RPA)). The calculations predict that giant Gamow-Teller (GT) β-decays are possible for N=Z nuclei heavier than ₂₈⁵⁶Ni₂₈, carrying most of the sum rule strength. The amplitude of isospin T=1 admixed to the T=0 ground state in N=Z nuclei is also discussed in relation with Fermi β-decay sum rule. Finally, the shapes of unstable nuclei near the proton drip line are studied by using the finite-range droplet model (FRDM).     

Structural evolution in the neutron-rich nuclei ¹⁰⁶Zr and ¹⁰⁸Zr

The low-lying states in 1??Zr and 1??Zr have been investigated by means of β-γ and isomer spectroscopy at the radioactive isotope beam factory (RIBF), respectively. A new isomer with a half-life of 620 ± 150 ns has been identified in 1??Zr. For the sequence of even-even Zr isotopes, the excitation energies of the first 2? states reach a minimum at N = 64 and gradually increase as the neutron number increases up to N = 68, suggesting a deformed subshell closure at N = 64. The deformed ground state of 1??Zr indicates that a spherical subshell gap predicted at N = 70 is not large enough to change the ground state of 1??Zr to the spherical shape. The possibility of a tetrahedral shape isomer in 1??Zr is also discussed.     

Deformation and shape coexistence in medium mass nuclei

Emerging evidence for deformed structures in medium mass nuclei is reviewed. Included in this review are both nuclei that are ground state symmetric rotors and vibrational nuclei where there are deformed structures at excited energies (shape coexistence). For the first time. Nilsson configurations in odd-odd nuclei within the region of deformation are identified. Shape coexistence in nuclei that abut the medium mass region of deformation is also examined. Recent establishment of a four-particle, four-hole intruder band in the doublesubshell closure nucleus⁹⁶Zr₅₆ is presented and its relation to the Nuclear Vibron Model is discussed. Special attention is given to the N=59 nuclei where new data have led to the reanalysis of⁹⁷Sr and⁹⁹Zr and the presence of the [404 9/2] hole intruder state as isomers in these nuclei. The low energy levels of the N=59 nuclei from Z=38 to 50 are compared with recent quadrupole-phonon model calculations that can describe their transition from near-rotational to single closed shell nuclei. The odd-odd N=59 nuclei are discussed in the context of coexisting shape isomers based on the (p[303 5/2]n[404 9/2])2^– configuration. Ongoing in-beam (t.p conversion-electron) multiparameter measurements that have led to the determination of monopole matrix elements for even-even₄₂Mo nuclei are presented, and these are compared with initial estimates using lBA-2 calculations that allow mixing of normal and cross subshell excitations. Lastly, evidence for the neutron-proton³S₁ force's influence on the level structure of these nuclei is discussed within the context of recent quadrupole-phonon model calculations.Work supported by USDOE contract Nr.W-7405-Eng-48 and NATO Grant Nr.RGO565/82.     

Gammasphere上裂变丰中子核核结构若干前沿领域的新进展(Ⅱ:第三和第四部分)(英文)

使用Gammasphere多探测器系统对252Cf裂变源瞬发γ射线进行γ-γ-γ和γ-γ(θ)符合测量,A～100(Z～40,N56)丰中子核区关于形状过渡、形状共存和形状突变的深入研究获得了新的进展。奇-Z核的系统研究揭示了从Z=39(Y)同位素的轴对称大四极形变到Z=43(Tc),44(Ru)和45(Rh)同位素中具有中等四极形变之大三轴形变的过渡。Nb(Z=41)同位素具有过渡核的特征。根据邻近同位素和同中素带交叉信息的系统性及推转壳模型(CSM)计算,Tc和Rh偶-N同位素中观察到的带交叉产生于一对h11/2中子的转动顺排。首次观察到100Nb(Z=41,N=59)的高自旋能级纲图和形变态,从而证实了100Nb中的形状共存,并确认,在Nb同位素链上,基态形状突变发生于N=58(球形)到N=59(大形变);而在Sr(Z=38),Y(Z=39)和Zr(Z=40)各同位素链上,基态形状突变均发生于N=59(球形)到N=60(大形变)。100Nb具有大形变基态,同现有理论预言相矛盾,其大形变的基态及转动带所具有的很大的和不规则的转动惯量具有重要的理论意义。对奇-质子Cs(Z=55)和La(Z=57)丰中子同位素八极激发的详细研究,发现了141,143,144Cs同位素链上电二极矩D0随中子数增加而减小的急剧变化,此前在145,147La中观察到的电二极矩D0的较缓和的减小似乎亦很陡地下延至148La。在Cs和La同位素中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降很可能同偶-质子核146Ba和224Ra中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降相类似,后者已获反射非对称平均场壳修正理论的成功解释。实验证明,141Cs具有很大电二极矩D0。141Cs和142Xe中观测到的很大的电二极矩D0和仅在141Cs中观察到的电二极矩D0的simplex量子数相关性需要进一步的理论研究。根据转动频率比值ω-(I)/ω+(I)的检定,同Xe同位素一样,认定Cs同位素中包括号143Cs的八极激发为八极振动,而在La同位素中存在八极形变。     

Measurement of the spin and magnetic moment of 31Mg: evidence for a strongly deformed intruder ground state

Unambiguous values of the spin and magnetic moment of 31Mg are obtained by combining the results of a hyperfine-structure measurement and a beta-NMR measurement, both performed with an optically polarized ion beam. With a measured nuclear g factor and spin I=1/2, the magnetic moment mu(31Mg)=-0.88355(15)mu(N) is deduced. A revised level scheme of 31Mg (Z=12, N=19) with ground state spin/parity I(pi)=1/2(+) is presented, revealing the coexistence of 1p-1h and 2p-2h intruder states below 500 keV. Advanced shell-model calculations and the Nilsson model suggest that the I(pi)=1/2(+) ground state is a strongly prolate deformed intruder state. This result plays a key role for the understanding of nuclear structure changes due to the disappearance of the N=20 shell gap in neutron-rich nuclei.     

Survey of ground state neutron spectroscopic factors from Li to Cr isotopes

The ground state neutron spectroscopic factors for 80 nuclei ranging in Z from 3 to 24 have been extracted by analyzing the past measurements of the angular distributions from (d, p) and (p, d) reactions. We demonstrate an approach that provides systematic and consistent values with minimum assumptions. For the 61 nuclei that have been described by large-basis shell-model calculations, most experimental spectroscopic factors are reproduced to within 20%.     

对超重核基态性质的系统性研究

对有限力程小液滴模型计算的质子数z=101—130超重核同位素链核的基态性质进行了系统的分析，通过对这些同位素链中处于裂变稳定线上核的平均结合能、四极形变、单质子分离能、双质子分离能和a衰变能等性质的系统研究，显示了质子数Z=108，114，126和中子数N=162，180，196时壳幻数的存在，同时可以看到Z=127之后超重核的基态性质还需要进一步研究。The calculated data by the Finite Range Droplet Model (FRDM) for the ground state properties of super-heavy nuclear isotope chains from Z=101 to Z=130 are analyzed in a global systematic way. Some quantities of the super-heavy nuclei which lie on the line of stability agains fission, such as the mean binding energy, deformation, single and double proton separation energy, as well as the α decay energy indicate the existence of the shell closure positions at Z=108, 114 and 126 and N=162...     

Sin－1N和Sin－2N2（n=3~9）团簇结构与光振动能谱

用密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory,DFT)的B3LYP/ 6-311G(d)方法,对Sin－1N和Sin－2N2 (n=3~9)团簇的几何构型、总能量、光振动能谱等性质进行了理论研究.通过对基态结构的几何参量分析发现,对Sin－2N2 (n=3~9)团簇,只有在SiN2和Si2N2结构中N-N成键;n＞4团簇结构,N-N不成键.对团簇能量讨论的结果表明;对于Sin－1N (n=3~9)团簇,总原子数是偶数的团簇比奇数的稳定;对于Sin－2N2(n=3~9)团簇,总原子数是奇数的团簇比偶数的稳定.     

偶-偶超重核基态性质的理论研究

在形变的相对论平均场模型下采用NL Z2,TMA两套参数对一些偶 偶核基态性质进行了系统的计算,并将理论计算的结合能、α衰变能与已知的实验数据进行了对比分析.结果发现两方面的数据能够比较好地吻合,从而验证了相对论平均场模型对超重核研究是可行的.同时在计算中给出了未知核素基态性质的计算结果,可供以后在理论或实验上研究超重核时参考. The ground state properties of the even even nuclei with proton number Z=94-104 have been systematically calculated in the deformed relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with two sets of force parameters, TMA and NL Z2. Comparing the calculated binding energies and alpha decay energys with the experimental ones, it is found that theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. The reliability of the RMF model for even even superheavy nuclei has been tested by this comparison...     

Peninsula of neutron stability of nuclei in the neighborhood of neutron magic number N = 126

The properties of the ground state of even-even nuclei with extreme neutron excess that are remote from the known neutron drip line (NDL) are calculated. The calculations are based on the Hartree-Fock method with Skyrme forces SkM*, SkI2, Sly4, Ska) with allowance for axial deformation and the BCS pairing approximation. It is shown that the isotone chain at the neutron number N = 126 beyond the NDL forms a peninsula of nuclei that are stable with respect to the emission of one neutron (PNS). The neutron and proton density distributions of the PNS nuclei have spherical symmetry. A mechanism for restoring the stability of nuclei beyond the NDL is discussed. The obtained results are compared with those from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for long isotope chains of Zr and Pd up to the NDL.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of ⁵⁶Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the ⁵⁶Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of ⁵⁶Ni to collide with the ⁵⁶Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.     

Analysis of the Z(4430) as the First Radial Excitation of the Z_c(3900)

In this article,we take the Zc(3900) and Z(4430) as the ground state and the first radial excited state of the axial-vector tetraquark states with J~(PC) = 1~(+-),respectively,and study their masses and pole residues with the QCD sum rules by calculating the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in a consistent way in the operator product expansion.The numerical result favors assigning the Z_c(3900) and Z(4430) as the ground state and first radial excited state of the axial-vector tetraquark states,respectively.     

Ground State Properties of Ds Isotopes Within the Relativistic Mean Field Theory

The ground state properties of Ds (Z=110) isotopes (N=151-195) are studied in the framework of the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with the effective interaction NL-Z2.The pairing correlation is treated within the conventional BCS approximation.The calculated binding energies are consistent with the results from finite-range droplet model (FRDM) and Macroscopic-microscopic method (MMM).The quadrupole deformation,α-decay energy,α-decay half-live,charge radius,two-neutron separation energy and single-particle spectra are analyzed for Ds isotopes to find new characteristics of superheavy nuclei (SHN).Among the calculated results it is rather distinct that the isotopic shift appears evidently at neutron number N=184.     

Production mechanism of neutron-rich nuclei around N =126 in the multi-nucleon transfer reaction ~(132)Sn+~(208)Pb

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach in three dimensions is employed to study the multi-nucleon transfer reaction~(132) Sn +~(208) Pb at various incident energies above the Coulomb barrier. Probabilities for different transfer channels are calculated by using the particle-number projection method. The results indicate that neutron stripping(transfer from the projectile to the target) and proton pick-up(transfer from the target to the projectile)are favored. De-excitation of the primary fragments is treated by using the state-of-art statistical code GEMINI++.Primary and final production cross sections of the target-like fragments(with Z =77 to Z =87) are investigated. The results reveal that fission decay of heavy nuclei plays an important role in the de-excitation process of nuclei with Z 82. It is also found that the final production cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei depend only slightly on the incident energy, while those of neutron-deficient nuclei depend strongly on the incident energy.     

Gammasphere上裂变丰中子核核结构若干前沿领域的新进展(Ⅰ:第一和第二部分)(英文)

(第一和第二部分):使用Gammasphere多探测器系统对252Cf裂变源瞬发γ射线进行γ-γ-γ和γ-γ(θ)符合测量,裂变丰中子原子核核结构若干前沿领域的深入研究获得了新的进展。高达5.7×1011以上的三重和更高重符合事件的数据统计,以及更少压缩的三维数据为宽广未知丰中子核区的寻找和研究提供了有利的条件。在具有重要物理意义的若干丰中子核区首次建立,或显著扩展了一批包括转晕态和转晕附近能态的高自旋能级纲图。在偶-偶丰中子核110,112Ru和108Mo中鉴别出了手征对称破缺结构。丰中子110,112Ru附近核的三轴形变基态具有最低的能量,在它们之中已确认了接近最大值的三轴形变。在这些Ru和Mo同位素中观察到的手征双线能带展示出手征破缺的一切特征,特别是其理想的能量简并,表明它们在迄今已报道的手征破缺结构中,具有最好的手征特性。研究了手征结构从具有γ软度的108Ru到具有大三轴形变的110,112Ru的过渡。斜轴推转(TAC)和随机相近似(RPA)理论计算成功地拟合了在这些偶-偶丰中子核中观察到的手征双线能带的特性,并指定其为软手征振动态。在这些偶-偶核中观察到的手征破缺不可能归纳为奇-奇核中那样的简化的几何图像。前者来自闭壳外所有中子的相互作用。对双幻核132Sn附近N=83同中素链的系统研究为这个极富吸引力的核区提供了大量新的谱学信息。N=83同中素135Te(Z=52),136I(Z=53),137Xe(Z=54),138Cs(Z=55)和139Ba(Z=56)的最新能级信息,特别是首次建立的138Cs高自旋能级纲图和壳模型理论计算表明,Z=50质子闭壳外少数g7/2价质子激发同N=82中子闭壳外之唯一f7/2价中子的耦合对该核区能级结构具有关键作用。观察到了132Sn和208Pb附近核区谱学信息的相似性和相对应的三粒子和五粒子态。在135Te中观察到了磁转动,这是在双幻核132Sn附近观察到的首例磁转动。     

重核存活几率的N/Z效应

用Langevin方程计算了重核 194Pb, 200Pb和206Pb的蒸发残余形成几率。结果表明系统中质比(N/Z）影响了该几率大小,并且高的N/Z增加了重核存活几率。这是由于裂变位垒和鞍点前粒子发射依赖于系统N/Z的缘故。