青出于蓝而胜于蓝——靛蓝与生活

靛蓝是重要的天然染料,它广泛应用在人们的生活中。靛蓝的人工合成更是人类史上合成天然染料的里程碑。     

天然染料敏化太阳能电池的制备——一个大学化学综合性实验

介绍一个研究探索型的大学化学综合性实验——天然染料敏化太阳能电池的制备。内容包括天然染料的提取,天然染料及其敏化的光阳极的紫外-可见吸收光谱的测试,染料敏化太阳能电池的制备以及光电性能测试等。通过本实验的实践,可以让学生更好地掌握相关专业知识,提高实验操作技能和专业素质,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养科研探究能力。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定调味品中15种工业合成染料

建立了测定调味品中15种工业合成染料的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)。样品经甲醇-水(1:1, v/v)超声提取、SPE柱净化后用HPLC进行分析,流动相为10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含1%乙酸)和乙腈。实验结果表明15种工业合成染料的分离效果良好,回收率为84.6%～114.2%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～10.3%;检出限为0.05～0.18 mg/kg。该方法操作简单,结果准确,重现性好,可用于同时测定调味品中非法添加的15种工业合成染料。     

间接光度法测定对苯二酚

对苯二酚作为一种重要的酚类化合物,广泛用作显影剂、抑制剂和合成染料等.     

重氮化合物的发明人——格里斯

人们都知道十九世纪以前的染料是天然产物。从1856年英国人柏琴（William HenryPerkin）制造成第一种合成染料,定名为苯胺紫（mauvein）之后,染料始从天然的很快变成大量人工合成的。这是化学发展史上的大事。至于和名垂不朽的柏琴同时代的另一位杰出的化学家彼得·格里斯,在合成染料方面,做出了重大的贡献,无论在质量或数量方面,都曾超过了柏琴,可是却未受到人们应有的关注。     

高效液相色谱法分离2-甲基氯蒽醌异构体和测定1-氯-2-甲基蒽醌的含量

1-氯-2-甲基蒽醌是合成染料还原黑RB的主要中间体,它以2-甲基蒽醌为原料直接氯化而成,其反应如下:     

pH值对金莲花染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

首先从高原金莲花中提取天然染料, 通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)吸收光谱确定其主要成分为花色苷. 调节色素溶液的pH值, 组装染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)并进行光电性能测试.研究发现, 随着pH值的升高, 电池的开路电压逐渐升高, 但是短路电流密度却先升高后降低. 分析认为这是由于在不同pH值下, 花色苷的结构会发生转换造成的. 在pH=5时, 该天然染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率最高, 达到0.292%.     

2,3,3-三甲基吲哚啉合成方法的改进

2,3,3-三甲基吲哚啉及其取代衍生物是合成染料和香料的重要中间体,在光致变色螺环吡喃型化合物的合成中也是不可缺少的原料。关于它的合成方法文献中已有报道。通常多采用     

促进了德国染料工业发展的三位化学家——卡罗、格拉泽和布伦克

在1856年英国人帕琴(W.H.Perkin)合成苯胺紫(mauve)之前,所有的染料都是从天然物中取得的。例如:茜素和靛蓝是从某些植物提取的,洋红是从胭脂虫提取的,等等。自从帕琴之后,合成染料在英国有了较大的发展。     

基于磺酰芳基肼的偶氮类染料的合成

偶氮化合物是一类非常重要的合成染料。本文应用N′-对甲基苯磺酰基芳基肼作为重氮源，在碳酸钾的促进下，与萘酚或N,N-二甲基苯胺在碳酸钾促进下发生偶联合成了系列偶氮类化合物，收率63%~85%，其结构经¹H NMR确证。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.