The effect of mixer mount loss on the performance of SIS receivers

Tucker's quantum theory of mixing (in the 3-port approximation) is employed with Eisenhart and Khan's equivalent circuit for a junction mounted in waveguide to predict the gain of an SIS mixer as a function of guide impedance, series inductance, junction capacitance, IF load impedance and backshort loos. The improvements which will result from optimisation of these parameters are quantified. It is shown that for optimum performance a backshort VSWR>100 is required, which is hard to realise at high frequencies     

Development of SRAO 3MM SIS Receiver

We have developed a 3 mm band receiver for SRAO. The receiver employs an Nb-based SIS junction in the mixer and operates at 85–115 GHz with single polarization. The receiver noise temperature is 40–50 K in DSB. It is equipped with an MPI-type filter for single-side band observations. We present the design, construction, and test results for individual components of the receiver optics, heterodyne system, and cryogenics. The receiver has been installed on the 6 m SRAO telescope and tested toward astronomical sources. The beam-measurement experiment suggests that the edge taper is smaller than the designed 12 dB.     

3D combinational curves for accuracy and performance analysis of positive biometrics identification

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has been widely used as an evaluation criterion to measure the accuracy of biometrics system. Unfortunately, such an ROC curve provides no indication of the optimum threshold and cost function. In this paper, two kinds of 3D combinational curves are proposed: the 3D combinational accuracy curve and the 3D combinational performance curve. The 3D combinational accuracy curve gives a balanced view of the relationships among FAR (false alarm rate), FRR (false rejection rate), threshold t, and Cost. Six 2D curves can be derived from the 3D combinational accuracy curve: the conventional 2D ROC curve, 2D curve of (FRR, t), 2D curve of (FAR, t), 2D curve of (FRR, Cost), 2D curve of (FAR, Cost), and 2D curve of (t, Cost). The 3D combinational performance curve can be derived from the 3D combinational accuracy curve which can give a balanced view among Security, Convenience, threshold t, and Cost. The advantages of using the proposed 3D combinational curves are demonstrated by iris recognition systems where the experimental results show that the proposed 3D combinational curves can provide more comprehensive information of the system accuracy and performance.     

Simulated performance and model measurements of an SIS waveguide mixer using integrated tuning structures

A three-port approximation of the quantum mixer theory is employed to perform mixer gain calculations at 230 GHz for SIS junctions with integrated tuning structures. In addition, the embedding impedance range of a waveguide mixer mount has been obtained from model measurements and has been included in the gain calculations. The results show that even moderately small junctions can perform well in a waveguide environment when an integrated tuning structure is used. A three-element tuning circuit is presented that would allow broad band operation with a fixed embedding impedance which is important for applications using a planar antenna structure.     

On the performance and accuracy of 2D navigator pulses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and to optimize the performance of two-dimensional spatially selective excitation pulses used for navigator applications on a clinical scanner. The influence of gradient imperfections, off-resonance effects, and incomplete k-space covering on the pencil beam-shaped spatial excitation profile of the 2D RF pulse was studied. The studies involved experiments performed on phantoms and in vivo. In addition, simulations were carried out by numerical integration of the Bloch equations. The accuracy of positioning of the pencil beam was increased by a factor of three by employing a simple correction scheme for the compensation of gradient distortions. The spatial selectivity of the 2D RF pulse was improved by taking sampling density corrections into account. The 2D RF pulse performance was found to be sufficient to monitor the diaphragm motion even at moderate gradient strength. For applications, where a high spatial resolution is required or a less characteristic contrast is present a strong gradient system is recommended.     

A study for high accuracy real-time 3D ultrasonic location system

We discussed a high accuracy real-time 3D ultrasonic location system in this article. The signal received was sampled after it passed the TGC and the logarithmic amplifier. Inside the DSP, we used the dynamic threshold tracing technique to improve the accuracy. The result was processed with Weighted Arithmetic Average. By testing the 40 kHz 3D location system, we have arrived at the accuracy of 1 cm.     

Simulated performance of SIS and SIN junctions as heterodyne receivers in waveguide and open antenna mixer mounts

Tucker's quantum theory of mixing (in the 3-port approximation) is employed to calculate the gain over a wide range of frequencies of model mixers employing SIS and SIN junctions with both real and idealI–V characteristics. A comparison is made between the performance of junctions in waveguide and open antenna mounts. It is concluded that ideal junctions give gain 1.5 to 2 times higher than real ones, SIS junctions have gain approximately three times greater than otherwise similar SIN junctions, and that junction areas need to be typically three times smaller in open antenna structures to provide comparable gain to those in waveguide mounts.     

Evaluating the accuracy performance of Lucas-Kanade algorithm in the circumstance of PIV application

Lucas-Kanade(LK) algorithm, usually used in optical flow filed, has recently received increasing attention from PIV community due to its advanced calculation efficiency by GPU acceleration. Although applications of this algorithm are continuously emerging,a systematic performance evaluation is still lacking. This forms the primary aim of the present work. Three warping schemes in the family of LK algorithm: forward/inverse/symmetric warping, are evaluated in a prototype flow of a hierarchy of multiple two-dimensional vortices. Second-order Newton descent is also considered here. The accuracy efficiency of all these LK variants are investigated under a large domain of various influential parameters. It is found that the constant displacement constraint, which is a necessary building block for GPU acceleration, is the most critical issue in affecting LK algorithm's accuracy, which can be somehow ameliorated by using second-order Newton descent. Moreover, symmetric warping outbids the other two warping schemes in accuracy level, robustness to noise, convergence speed and tolerance to displacement gradient, and might be the first choice when applying LK algorithm to PIV measurement.     

DVCS on the nucleon to the twist-3 accuracy

The amplitude of the deeply virtual Compton scattering off nucleon is computed to the twist-3 accuracy in the Wandzura–Wilczek (WW) approximation. The result is presented in the form which can be easily used for analysis of DVCS observables.     

X射线脉冲星导航系统导航精度的研究

为提高X射线脉冲星导航系统的导航精度,提出了一种基于低通滤波器的恒比定时方法,以提高X射线脉冲星导航系统中X射线脉冲到达时间的测量精度.通过设计测量方案,对原有的峰值定时方法和改进后的恒比定时系统的定时精度和死时间进行测量.测量结果表明,峰值定时系统的定时精度和死时间分别为18和4750 ns,恒比定时系统的定时精度和死时间分别为0.78和105 ns,与原有的峰值定时系统相比,采用恒比定时系统的定时精度和死时间均得到明显的提高.在X射线脉冲星导航系统中,通过利用这两种不同定时系统来测量X射线光子的到达时间以构造累积脉冲轮廓.实验结果表明,与峰值定时系统相比,采用改进的恒比定时系统获得的累积脉冲轮廓的信噪比得到明显改善,因此,采用恒比定时系统的导航精度可得到提高.     

Interconnection effects on the performance of basic subcircuits with single-electron tunneling devices

Interconnection limits seem to be a potential problem to the evolution of the semiconductor industry, especially in the nanoscale. In this work, the electrical performance of basic cells is studied with the help of a simple interconnection model, whose parameters can be changed. Our goal, with this study, is to determine the interconnection's influence upon the circuit behavior and to establish interconnection-related limits for its functionality. An extrapolation to more complex circuit topologies is also discussed. Finally, the implementation possibilities using new interconnection technologies, like carbon nanotubes, are presented.     

Excitation of anti-symmetric coupled spoof SPPs in 3D SIS waveguides based on coupling

According to the electromagnetic field distributions, there exist two kinds of coupled spoof surface plasmon polaritons(SSPPs), the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes, in the three-dimensional(3D) subwavelength spoof–insulator–spoof(SIS) waveguide. We study the dispersion and excitation of the two kinds of coupled SSPPs supported by the 3D SIS waveguide. The evolution of the dispersion with the thickness and gap width of the waveguide is numerically investigated,and we give a theoretical analysis according to the coupling mechanism. Specially, based on the coupling mechanism,we design a zipper structure, through which the excitation and propagation of the anti-symmetric coupled modes can be realized effectively.     

Some recent developments in the design of SIS mixers

SIS mixers in which superconducting tuning elements are integrated with the tunnel junctions have resulted in very low noise heterodyne receivers in the range 68–260 GHz. Above 120 GHz the need for extremely small reduced-height waveguides is avoided by mounting the SIS junctions in a suspended-stripline circuit coupled to a full-height waveguide by a broadband probe. The special characteristics of coplanar transmission line permit the design of SIS mixers with low parasitic reactances. Such a mixer operates over the full WR-10 band (75–110 GHz) without mechanical tuners.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the First International Symposium on Space THz Technology, March, 1990.The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.     

仪表监控识别系统中实时性和准确性的研究

针对仪表监控识别系统中仪表抖动、仪表外观特征不明显的情况,提出了一种快速而准确的识别方法:加入移动侦测,用于检查仪表抖动,确定是否需要在下次识别中进行字符重定位;使用marker检测法对仪表的感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)进行定位。通过与传统识别方法(没有移动侦测、使用仪表原始特征定位ROI)进行对比,新方法对仪表字符的识别速度和识别准确度有显著的提高。     

FSM在高精度瞄准线稳定系统中的应用研究

快速反射镜（fast-steering mirrors,简称FSM）是一种精确控制光束方向的装置。提出用一种基于压电陶瓷驱动的FSM补偿稳瞄系统中粗级平台的残余误差的方法,可以提高系统稳定精度,同时对采用FSM的高精度稳瞄系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:粗级平台稳定误差为110 rad,通过FSM补偿后的系统稳定误差不大于8 rad,即采用该方法可将稳定精度提高一个数量级以上。     

光电侦察系统目标定位精度评价指标研究

鉴于光电侦察定位系统的设计、验收、订购阶段均涉及对系统精度的评价,指出影响光电侦察系统目标定位精度的评价指标。研究了均方根误差、平均误差及置信概率区间方法的计算原则及使用条件,给出光电侦察系统目标定位精度的评价指标,并提出设计阶段的精度预估方法、验收阶段的精度评定方法以及设备采购阶段的性能优选方法。规范了光电侦察系统的定位精度预估、验收以及订购。     

光电跟踪系统稳定精度测试方法研究

针对光电跟踪系统稳定精度测试需求,提出一种稳定精度动态测试方法。该方法基于光学自准直原理,采用面阵CCD探测器,结合图像求取质心算法,实现被测系统的动态测试,通过该装置获得了稳定精度测试结果。结果表明:测试50 rad级两轴两框架系统动态稳定精度,通过该测试方法测出其稳定精度最大为48 rad。